Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Musculoskeletal II > 1- Vertebral Column > Flashcards

1- Vertebral Column Flashcards

1
Q

What does the vertebral column describe?

A

The entire set of vertebra (excluding ribs, sternum, and ilium)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How many vertebra in each section are there? How many total?

A 
7 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
4 coccygeal
(29 spinal vertebra total)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 3 separate joints in the vertebral motion system?

A

1 joint between the 2 vertebral bodies and the IVD

2 articular process joints (zygoapophyseal joints/facet joints)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How many pairs of facet joints are there?

A

24

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What type of joint is the facet joint?

A

planar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How are the C-spine facets oriented?

A

There are horizontal in the upper segments and move to more vertical (about 45 deg) in the lower segments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the articular surfaces of the facet joints covered in?

A

hyaline cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What do the articular surfaces of the facet joints have and what does it do?

A

They have small fibrous synovial meniscoid-lik e fringes that project between the joint surfaces

  1. space fillers during displacement
  2. actively assist in the dispersal of synovial fluid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Horizontal articular surfaces favor ____, while vertical articular surfaces act to block ______.

A

Axial rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How are the cervical facet joints oriented?

A

relatively horizontal, especially upper (lower are about 45 degrees)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How are the thoracic facet joints oriented?

A

almost vertical direction (facilitates rotation and resists anterior displacement)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How are the lumbar facet joints oriented?

A

vertical with a J-shaped surface (restricts rotation and anterior shear)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where are the intervertebral joints thicker in front?

A

Cervical and lumbar vertebra (contributes to lordosis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How are the intervertebral discs attached to the vertebra?

A

through end plates and annular fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the 3 main parts of the disk?

A

Nucleus pulposus
Annulus fibrosus
Cartilage end plates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are some major stresses that can be placed on the intervertebral disks?

A

Axial compression
Shearing
Bending
Twisting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is a state of equilibrium/zero velocity called?

A

Static

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What implies a change over time with constant velocity?

A

Dynamic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the 3 sub-systems that contribute to stability?

A

Passive system
Active system
Central Nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the passive system?

A

Anatomical structures contributing to stability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the active system?

A

Muscles, sources of active stiffness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How does the central nervous system contribute to stability?

A

feedforward (anticipatory) and feedback (reflex) control

23
Q

What is the region of laxity around the neutral resting position of a spinal segment?

A

Neutral Zone (Panjabi)

24
Q

What is happened in the neutral zone?

A
  • minimal loading occuring in passive and active structures

- spinal motion produces with minimal internal resistance

25
Q

What do agonistic and synergisting muscles do?

A

Initiate and perform movements

26
Q

What do antagonistic muscles do?`

A

Control and modify the movements

27
Q

What is type of motion governed by?

A
  • shape and orientation of articulations
  • ligaments and muscles in segment
  • size and location of articulating processes
28
Q

How much flexion/extension does the upper cervical spine have?

A

Minimal

29
Q

How much axial rotation for the upper cervical spine have?

A

about 30-40 degrees

30
Q

How much flexion/extension does C2-3 have?

A

about 10 degrees

31
Q

How much flexion/extension does C5-7 have?

A

about 20 degrees

32
Q

How much axial rotation does the lower cervical spine have?

A

about 5-6 degrees

33
Q

What is it called when two or more individual motions are coupled when one motion is always accompanied by another?

A

Coupling

34
Q

All motions of a segment are defined by motion of the _____ vertebra on the ______ vertebra.

A

Upper on the lower

35
Q

Rotation is to the side the ______ aspect of the vertebra is facing.

A

Anterior

36
Q

What is Fryette’s First Law?

A

When lumbar or thoracic spine is in neutral, sidebending is opposite of rotation

37
Q

What is Fryette’s Second Law?

A

When spine is in flexion or hyperextension, sidebending is same side as rotation

38
Q

What is Fryette’s Third Law?

A

When the spine is placed in any directional plane, motion in another plane is restricted

39
Q

What is a closing restriction? What does it cause?

A

Restriction of Ext/SB/Rot to the same side of pain

Compression

40
Q

What is an opening restriction? What does it cause?

A

restriction of flex/SB/rot to the opposite side of pain

Stretch

41
Q

Which system involves classifying symptoms into syndromes? What does it help with

A

Osteopathic

Patient response

42
Q

What is the order of testing for the osteopathic model?

A

Extension, flexion, neutral

43
Q

Where are neuromuscular impairments usually found?

A

spinal junctions (TL, CT)

44
Q

Which system is based on providing a mechanical diagnosis?

A

McKenzie System

45
Q

What is the order of testing for the McKenzie model?

A

Dynamic, then static

46
Q

What are the results of tests classified into according to the McKenzie System?

A
  • Postural
  • Dysfunction
  • Derangement
47
Q

What do postural syndromes result from?

A

sustained loading of the tissues during end range positions

48
Q

What do dysfunction syndromes result from?

A

adaptive shortening of some soft tissues and an overstretching of others

49
Q

What do derangement syndromes result from?

A

displacement in the position of joint structures (IVD)…posterior or anterior

50
Q

What are the treatment classifications for the McKenzie System?

A
  1. Mobilization
  2. Stabilization
  3. Specific Exercise
  4. Traction
51
Q

Which system is based on an eclectic approach founded on an amalgam of doctrines and techniques that incorporate biomechanical concepts of the Norwegians?

A

Canadian Biomechanical Model

52
Q

What are the testing procedures for the Canadian biomechanical model?

A
  1. Cyriax upper and lower quarter scanning
  2. Plane and combined movement testing
  3. Passive physiological intervertebral mobility (PPIVM) testing
  4. Passive accessory intervertebral motion (PAIVM) testing
  5. Segmental stability tests
53
Q

What is ACDF?

A

Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion

54
Q

What is IDET?

A

Intradiscal Electrothermy Annuloplasty

Musculoskeletal II (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions