6. The Truman Doctorine And Marshall Plan Flashcards
What was the Truman doctrine?
A policy to contain communism in Eastern Europe for as long as possible
What did Britain do in Greece and turkey?
Britain gave money to Greek and Turkish government under SU pressure to fight communism with 40,000 British troops there
When was the Truman doctrine put into place?
March 1947
Why did Britain need to fight communism in Greece?
As communists there started a guerrilla war against the government despite Stalin agreeing Britain could influence Greece
Why did Truman step into Greece and turkey and how?
Because Britain was a poor country so true man asked for $400 million to help instead
When did Britain pull out of turkey and Greece?
February 1947
What were the reasons for the Truman doctrine?
- Britain pulled out of turkey and Greece
- turkey and Greece were being overtaken by communism
What did Truman say in his speech for the Truman doctrine?
- communism posed a serious threat to the USA and the rest of the world
- the USA would support any country that was under threat of communism
- the focus must be to ‘contain’ communism
Name some effects of the Truman doctrine
- seen as declaring an ideological war against communism
- causes Stalin to make his version of the Truman doctrine
- damages relations between the two countries
What was the Marshall plan?
The European recovery plan that put the Truman doctrine into practice
What were the Marshall plan’s aims?
- To aid economic recovery in Europe to stop people from turning to communism
- to support containing communism in Eastern Europe
- to create a market for American goods to build up the economy
How much was divided between the countries willing to accept Marshall aid?
$13.15 billion
Who was Marshall aid offered to?
All countries in Europe both east and west
What form did Marshall aid take up?
Money or resources which had to be bought from American suppliers
Which country received the most Marshall aid?
The UK receiving $3.2b
Name some countries that received Marshall aid
Italy, west Germany, Greece, Austria, turkey, Denmark, Norway, France
What were the results of the Marshall plan?
- Allowed recovery of Western Europe as economies and living standards could now rise
- shown the USAs commitments in the long term
- firmly established the divide between east and west as countries behind the iron curtain where forbidden to accept Marshall aid
- made communism in the west less popular
What was Stalin’s political thoughts on Marshall aid?
Thought anti - communist aims behind it would weaken his hold over Eastern Europe
What was Stalin’s economic thought on Marshall aid?
That the USA was trying to dominate as many places as possible by making them dependant on American dollars
What is dollar imperialism?
When America dominated as many countries as possible by making the dependant on the US dollar
Who was Tito?
The leader of Yugoslavia who before 1948 was highly regarded by Stalin
Why was there tension between Tito and Stalin?
As Tito didn’t understand why he should follow Stalin like other countries in the communist block
Why did Yugoslavia get Marshall aid?
As Stalin threw Yugoslavia out of COMINFORM, enforced economic sactions and forbade other countries from trading with Yugoslavia
How did the west help Yugoslavia?
As Britain established a £30 million trade deal in December 1948 and the USA offered Marshall aid which they gratefully took
Why was Yugoslavia unique?
It received Marshall aid despite being forbidden, was the only communist country to get Marshall aid and the only communist country behind the iron curtain
What did the Marshall plan involve?
giving money to European countries for 4 years.
What was altruism?
Selfless acts of good work
Who created the Marshall plan?
George C Marshall
When did the Marshall plan end ?
December 1951
What happened to countries that benefited from Marshall aid?
Their gdp increased by 20%
Why did congress end up accepting the Marshall plan?
Because a Czechoslovakian minister was found dead under a window and as communist and Americans had different views, congress wanted to avoid conflicts
Give one way the Marshall plan was motivated by altruism
People in Europe needed help as they were starving and unemployed
Give 3 reasons suggesting the Marshall plan was motivated by strategy and state if its economic or political
- the Marshall plan aimed to control the spread of communism (political)
- Western Europe could become a strong ally to the us against the su by helping it recover (political)
- the quicker Europe recovered, the quicker it could become a strong trading partner (economic)
