6. The Truman Doctorine And Marshall Plan

Question 1

What was the Truman doctrine?

Answer 1

A policy to contain communism in Eastern Europe for as long as possible

Question 2

What did Britain do in Greece and turkey?

Answer 2

Britain gave money to Greek and Turkish government under SU pressure to fight communism with 40,000 British troops there

Question 3

When was the Truman doctrine put into place?

Answer 3

March 1947

Question 4

Why did Britain need to fight communism in Greece?

Answer 4

As communists there started a guerrilla war against the government despite Stalin agreeing Britain could influence Greece

Question 5

Why did Truman step into Greece and turkey and how?

Answer 5

Because Britain was a poor country so true man asked for $400 million to help instead

Question 6

When did Britain pull out of turkey and Greece?

Answer 6

February 1947

Question 7

What were the reasons for the Truman doctrine?

Answer 7

• Britain pulled out of turkey and Greece

- turkey and Greece were being overtaken by communism

Question 8

What did Truman say in his speech for the Truman doctrine?

Answer 8

• communism posed a serious threat to the USA and the rest of the world
• the USA would support any country that was under threat of communism
• the focus must be to ‘contain’ communism

Question 9

Name some effects of the Truman doctrine

Answer 9

• seen as declaring an ideological war against communism
• causes Stalin to make his version of the Truman doctrine
• damages relations between the two countries

Question 10

What was the Marshall plan?

Answer 10

The European recovery plan that put the Truman doctrine into practice

Question 11

What were the Marshall plan’s aims?

Answer 11

• To aid economic recovery in Europe to stop people from turning to communism
• to support containing communism in Eastern Europe
• to create a market for American goods to build up the economy

Question 12

How much was divided between the countries willing to accept Marshall aid?

Answer 12

$13.15 billion

Question 13

Who was Marshall aid offered to?

Answer 13

All countries in Europe both east and west

Question 14

What form did Marshall aid take up?

Answer 14

Money or resources which had to be bought from American suppliers

Question 15

Which country received the most Marshall aid?

Answer 15

The UK receiving $3.2b

Question 16

Name some countries that received Marshall aid

Answer 16

Italy, west Germany, Greece, Austria, turkey, Denmark, Norway, France

Question 17

What were the results of the Marshall plan?

Answer 17

• Allowed recovery of Western Europe as economies and living standards could now rise
• shown the USAs commitments in the long term
• firmly established the divide between east and west as countries behind the iron curtain where forbidden to accept Marshall aid
• made communism in the west less popular

Question 18

What was Stalin’s political thoughts on Marshall aid?

Answer 18

Thought anti - communist aims behind it would weaken his hold over Eastern Europe

Question 19

What was Stalin’s economic thought on Marshall aid?

Answer 19

That the USA was trying to dominate as many places as possible by making them dependant on American dollars

Question 20

What is dollar imperialism?

Answer 20

When America dominated as many countries as possible by making the dependant on the US dollar

Question 21

Who was Tito?

Answer 21

The leader of Yugoslavia who before 1948 was highly regarded by Stalin

Question 22

Why was there tension between Tito and Stalin?

Answer 22

As Tito didn’t understand why he should follow Stalin like other countries in the communist block

Question 23

Why did Yugoslavia get Marshall aid?

Answer 23

As Stalin threw Yugoslavia out of COMINFORM, enforced economic sactions and forbade other countries from trading with Yugoslavia

Question 24

How did the west help Yugoslavia?

Answer 24

As Britain established a £30 million trade deal in December 1948 and the USA offered Marshall aid which they gratefully took

Question 25

Why was Yugoslavia unique?

Answer 25

It received Marshall aid despite being forbidden, was the only communist country to get Marshall aid and the only communist country behind the iron curtain

Question 26

What did the Marshall plan involve?

Answer 26

giving money to European countries for 4 years.

Question 27

What was altruism?

Answer 27

Selfless acts of good work

Question 28

Who created the Marshall plan?

Answer 28

George C Marshall

Question 29

When did the Marshall plan end ?

Answer 29

December 1951

Question 30

What happened to countries that benefited from Marshall aid?

Answer 30

Their gdp increased by 20%

Question 31

Why did congress end up accepting the Marshall plan?

Answer 31

Because a Czechoslovakian minister was found dead under a window and as communist and Americans had different views, congress wanted to avoid conflicts

Question 32

Give one way the Marshall plan was motivated by altruism

Answer 32

People in Europe needed help as they were starving and unemployed

Question 33

Give 3 reasons suggesting the Marshall plan was motivated by strategy and state if its economic or political

Answer 33

• the Marshall plan aimed to control the spread of communism (political)
• Western Europe could become a strong ally to the us against the su by helping it recover (political)
• the quicker Europe recovered, the quicker it could become a strong trading partner (economic)