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PT certification > 6) The Skeletal System > Flashcards

6) The Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

The major functions of the skeletal system

A

Support (provides a framework for the body)
Protection (Protects many internal organs from injury)
Movement (Bones serve as levers to which muscles are attached)
Storage (Bones store serveral minerals which can be distributed when needed)
Haemopoiesis (Blood cell formation)

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2
Q

What are bones made up of

A

67% mineral salt

33% collagen (a protein structure)

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3
Q

The 4 types of bones

A

Long (upper arm bone, thigh bone)
Short (Wrist bones)
Flat (Skull bones)
Irregular (Spinal bones)

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4
Q

2 different types of bone tissues

A

Compact bone

Spongy bone

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5
Q

Diaphysis

A

The shaft or long portion of a bone

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6
Q

Epiphysis

A

The extremity or end of the bone (proximal and distal)

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7
Q

Epiphyseal line

A

The area where the diaphysis and epiphysis join in a mature bone

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8
Q

Articular Cartilage

A

The thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering the epiphysis where the bone forms a joint with another bone
Very smooth and shock absorbs
Protects the bones from wear and tear

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9
Q

Periosteum

A

The dense, thin, white covering around the surface of the bone which is not covered by articulated cartilage

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10
Q

Medullary cavity

A

The space within the diaphysis that contains yellow marrow (functions in fat storage)

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11
Q

Joint

A

A joint is formed where two bones meet and permit movement.

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12
Q

Ligaments

A

Is a soft tissues structure which supports joint.

Ligaments attach to bone, are relatively in-elastic and are composed of fibrous tissue.

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13
Q

Intramembranous Ossification

A

Is the formation of bone within fibrous membranes- how the knee cap and collar bone are formed.

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14
Q

Endochondral Ossification

A

The formation of bone within cartilaginous tissue- how the remaining bones of the body are formed (when cartilage turns to bone)

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15
Q

Age associated bone loss

A

Osteopenia

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16
Q

What makes bones stronger

A

Weight bearing activities eg running
Weight training eg weight lifting
Hormonal environment- testosterone and oestrogen
Dietary Factors- Vitamins C and D and calcium and phosphorous

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17
Q

How many bones in the human skeleton

A

206

Divided into two parts: Axial Skeleton and the appendicular Skeleton

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18
Q

The Axial Skeleton

A

Consists of 80 bones and has the function of supporting the main axis of the body, whilst protecting vital organs (Skull, spine, chest)

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19
Q

The appendicular skeleton

A

Contains 126 bones in the upper and lower limbs, arms, legs, shoulder, pelvis, wrist, ankles, feet etc

20
Q

Shoulder Blade

A

Scapula

21
Q

Upper arm bone

A

Humorous

22
Q

Spinal Column

A

Vertebral Column

23
Q

Pelvis

A

Pelvis

24
Q

Wrist bones

A

Carpals

25
Q

Bones between the fingers and the wrist

A

Metacarpals

26
Q

Finger bones

A

Phalanges

27
Q

Thighbone

A

Femur

28
Q

Calf bone

A

Fibula (on the outside)

29
Q

Shine bone

A

Tibia (on the inside)

30
Q

Toes

A

Phalanges

31
Q

The five long bones found in each foot

A

Metatarsals

32
Q

Ankle bones

A

Tarsals

33
Q

Kneecap

A

Patella (nutella)

34
Q

The lateral forearm bone

A

Radius

35
Q

The medial forearm bone

A

Ulna

36
Q

Rib bones

A

Rib bones

37
Q

Breastbone

A

Sternum

38
Q

Collar Bone

A

Clavicle

39
Q

Skull

A

Cranium

40
Q

Coxal

A

Two hip bones

41
Q

Cervical

A

Consists of 7 vertebrae (bones) and makes up the neck

42
Q

Thoracic

A

12 vertebrae and makes up the upper back

43
Q

Lumbar

A

5 vertebrae and makes up the lower back

44
Q

Sacrum

A

5 vertebrae that fuse together- strong foundation for the pelvic gridle

45
Q

Coccyx

A

4 vertebrae and makes up the tail bone

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