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PT certification > 5) Anatomy Introduction > Flashcards

5) Anatomy Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomical Position

A

Standing erect with the arms at the side and palms turned forwards

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2
Q

Frontal Plane

and Joint actions

A

Divides the body into front and back.

Abduction and adduction

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3
Q

Sagittal Plane and joint actions

A

Divides the body into right and left.

Flexion and extension.

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4
Q

Transverse Plane and joint actions

A

Also horizontal plane, divides body into upper and lower.

Rotation, horizontal flexion and extension.

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5
Q

Cells

A

The smallest structural units; organisations of various chemicals.

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6
Q

Tissues

A

Organisations of similar cells.

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7
Q

Organs

A

Organisations of different kinds of tissues.

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8
Q

Systems

A

Organisations of many.

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9
Q

Superior

A

Above, toward your head.

E.g. your knee is superior to your ankle.

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10
Q

Inferior

A

Below, toward your feet.

E.g. your hand is inferior to your shoulder.

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11
Q

Anterior

A

(Ventral) In front of.

E.g. your sternum is anterior to your heart.

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12
Q

Posterior

A

(Dorsal) Behind, in back of.

E.g. your vertebrae are posterior to your sternum.

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13
Q

Medial

A

Toward the midline, positioned closer to the midline of the body.
E.g. your nose is medial to your ears.

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14
Q

Lateral

A

Away from the midline, positioned further away from the midline of the body.
E.g. Your ears are lateral to your nose.

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15
Q

Proximal

A

Toward of nearest the trunk, or nearest the point of origin.
E.g. elbow is proximal to wrist.
Refers to limbs only.

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16
Q

Distal

A

Away from or farthest from the trunk.
E.g. toes are distal to the knee.
Refers to limbs only.

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17
Q

Superficial

A

Closer to the body’s surface.

Superficial wound, superficial muscles.

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18
Q

Deep

A

Further in from the body’s surface.

Muscles are deep to the skin.

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19
Q

Organ

A

A structure made up of two or more kinds of tissues organised in such a way that they can together perform a more complex function than any tissue alone.

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20
Q

Organ System

A

A group of organs arranged in such a way that they can together perform a more complex function than can any organ alone.

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21
Q

How many organ systems is the body made up of?

A

11

22
Q

The 9 organ systems in relation to PT study

A

Integumentary, Skeletal, Muscular, Nervous, Cardiovascular, Lymphatic, Respiratory, Digestive, Urinary,

23
Q

Integumentary System

A

What: Skin, hair, nails, sense receptors, sweat glands, oil glands
Do: Protection, regulation of temperature, synthesis of chemicals, sense organ.

24
Q

Skeletal System

A

What: Bones, Joints, Cartilage
Do: Support, movement, blood cell formation, storage.

25
Q

Muscular System

A

What: Muscles (skeletal, cardiac, smooth)
Do: Movement, maintenance of body posture, production of heat.

26
Q

Nervous System

A

What: Brain, spinal cord, nerves, sense organs
Do: Communication, control, integration, recognition of sensory stimuli.

27
Q

Cardiovascular System

A

What: Heart, blood vessels.
Do: Transportation, regulation of temperature, immuntiy (body defence).

28
Q

Lymphatic System

A

What: Lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, thymus, spleen.
Do: Transportation, immunity (body defence)

29
Q

Respiratory System

A

What: Nose, pharynxy, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs
Do: Exchange of waste gas (carbon dioxide) for oxygen in the lungs.

30
Q

Digestive System

A

What: Mouth, small intestines, large intestines, rectum, anal canal, teeth, saliva glands, tongue, liver, pancreas, appendix.
Do: Mechanical and chemical breakdown (digestion) of food, absorption of nutrients, undigested waste product that is eliminated is called Faeces.

31
Q

Urinary System

A

Kidneys, Ureters, Bladder, Urethra.

32
Q

Extension

A

Increasing the angle between two bones.

E.g. on the down of a bicep curl.

33
Q

Flexion

A

Decreasing the angle between two bones.

E.g. On the up of a bicep curl.

34
Q

Abduction

A

Moving away from the midline of the body

E.g. raising arms to the side horizintally.

35
Q

Adduction

A

Moving toward the midline of the body or part.

E.g. bring your arms to the side from a horizintal position.

36
Q

Protraction

A

Moving away from the midline of the body (Scapula)

E.g. hunching forwards.

37
Q

Retraction

A

Moving toward the midline of the body (Scapula)

E.g. pulling shoulder blades together (sitting up straight).

38
Q

Horizontal flexion

A

Adduction in the transverse plane

E.g. pulling your arms pointing to the front of body from horizontal position (raised).

39
Q

Horizontal abduction

A

Abduction in the transverse plane.

Pulling your arms from pointing to the front to the side (raised).

40
Q

Elevation

A

Moving to a superior position e.g. on the up movement of shrugging shoulders.

41
Q

Depression

A

Moving to an inferior position eg on the down of shrugging shoulders.

42
Q

Circumduction

A

A combination movement, involving flexion, extension, abduction and adduction
e.g. butterfly

43
Q

Lateral rotation

A

Turning about the vertical axis of the bone away from the midline (lateral).
Eg moving right arm to the left (elbow bent and in the same position)

44
Q

Medial rotation

A

Turning about the vertical axis of the bone towards the midline (internal)
E.g. Right arm to the left from the elbow hinge (elbow not moving).

45
Q

Pronation

A

Rotating wrist or hand medially from the elbow (palm down).

46
Q

Supination

A

Rotating wrist or hand laterally from the elbow (palm up)

47
Q

Inversion

A

Moving the medial border of the foot inwards (rolling onto the right side of the foot).

48
Q

Eversion

A

Moving the lateral border of the foot outwards (rolling onto left side of foot)

49
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

Moving the top of foot toward the shin (feet flexed)

50
Q

Plantarflexion

A

Moving the top of foot away from shin (tip toes)

PT certification (5 decks)

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