6 The Role of OIC in the Mindanao Peace Process Flashcards
When and where was the Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC) founded? (2)
Founded in 1971 in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
How many full members does the Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC) have, and which state is an exception? (2)
46 full members, with Palestine being the exception (not an independent state).
What are the general objectives of the OIC? (6)
1) Promote Islamic solidarity among member states
2) Consolidate economic, social, cultural, and other forms of cooperation
3) Enable mutual consultation
4) Eliminate social segregation and discrimination, and eradicate colonialism
5) Support the people of Palestine and help them regain their rights
6) Promote cooperation and understanding among member states and other countries.
Why did the OIC support the MNLF’s struggle against the Philippine government?
rooted in the traditions and teachings of Islam, particularly in relation to justice, freedom, and the defense of the faith.
What does Islam permit regarding killing in the context of noble causes?
Islam does not prohibit killing if it is for noble causes, such as justice, freedom, and the defense of the faith.
a condition that justifies the use of force in Islam, especially in situations of injustice and oppression.
“fitna”
Why did armed conflict break out among Muslims in the Philippines, according to Islamic perspectives?
Muslims felt they had become a minority in their own land
How long has the OIC supported the Moro rebel forces in the Philippines?
1972 - present
What types of support has the OIC provided to the MNLF? (3)
- political
- material
- moral
– for the MNLF’s struggle against the Philippine Government.
Which Islamic states covertly provided arms, equipment, and funds to the MNLF? (6)
- Libya
- Saudi Arabia
- Iran
- Iraq
- Syria
- Jordan
Where did MNLF leadership, particularly Nur Misuari, take sanctuary during their struggle?
Middle East
When did the OIC first express its concern about the Mindanao conflict? (Event/Place/Year)
- 3rd Annual Islamic Conference
- Jeddah
- 1972
What event where ASEAN partners of Philippines played a moderating role, countering the influence of more radical OIC members like Libya, Syria, and Iran? This influenced the OIC’s stance on the Mindanao Conflict.
5th Annual Islamic Conference
Why has Malaysia kept a low profile in internal discussions about the Mindanao conflict?
avoid drawing attention to its important role in supporting the MNLF.
Why did the Malaysian government allow the MNLF to use Sabah as a base? (2)
- out of Islamic sympathy
- due to pressure from fellow OIC members
What country has played a moderate role, refraining from criticizing Philippine policies towards Muslims and asserting ASEAN’s principle of non-interference in domestic affairs?
Malaysia
What countries discouraged discussions and asserted that it should be regarded as either a Philippine internal issue or a regional problem for ASEAN members to handl? (2)
- Malaysia
- Indonesia
Who made no mention of Muslims in the Philippines, consistent with his government’s official stance in his speech to the Kuala Lumpur conference in 1974?
Malaysian Prime Minister Tun Abdul Razak
What significant behind-the-scenes discussions took place during the 1975 conference regarding the Philippines? (2)
- oil embargo
- need for continued diplomatic pressure
How did the Islamic states respond to the Philippine government’s proposal for autonomy for the Moro people? (2)
- backed the MNLF’s demands
- rejected the Philippine government’s proposal
What did Nur Misuari do at the sixth Annual Islamic Conference in July 1975?
pleaded for help from the OIC, seeking further support for the MNLF
When did Nur Misuari pleaded for help from the OIC, seeking further support for the MNLF? (Event/Month/Year)
6th Annual Islamic Conference in July 1975
What action did the OIC take at the 1976 Annual Conference regarding its support for the MNLF?
- issued a strong resolution reaffirming its support for the MNLF
- threatened an oil embargo
When was the agreement between the Philippine government and the MNLF was signed in Tripoli under the auspices of the OIC signed?
December 23, 1976
What was the outcome of the Tripoli Agreement between the Philippine government and the MNLF?
the two sides failed to agree on how to implement it
How did President Marcos attempt to mollify the Islamic states regarding the Mindanao conflict? (2)
- appointed Muslims as ambassadors to Arab countries
- sent his wife on diplomatic missions.
In 1981, the OIC reaffirmed its recognition of the __ as the sole official representative of the Moro people and rejected the Philippine government’s measures to implement the __.
- MNLF
- Tripoli Agreement
After the overthrow of President Marcos, MNLF hoped that __ would implement the Tripoli Agreement.
President Corazon Aquino
Who were the presidents when the Philippine government no longer needed pressure from the OIC to negotiate, and the pressure shifted to the MNLF to come to terms with the government?
- Corazon Aquino
- Fidel Ramos
What change occurred in the OIC’s support for the MNLF under Aquino and Ramos? (2)
- financial support faded
- began pressing the MNLF to negotiate with the government
The OIC pledged to monitor the implementation of the __ and promised financial assistance, capital, and investment for the region.
Peace Agreement
