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History of the Muslim and Ind. Peoples of MinSuPala > 3 Diaspora of Moros > Flashcards

3 Diaspora of Moros Flashcards

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1
Q

Who was the president that pressed the claim to Sabah through peaceful and diplomatic channels in 1962?

A

President Diosdado Macapagal

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2
Q

Who defeated President Diosdado Macapagal in the 1965 presidential election?

A

President Ferdinand Marcos

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3
Q

What was President Macapagal’s approach to the Philippine claim to Sabah?

A

through “peaceful and diplomatic channels”

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4
Q

What was President Marcos’ approach to the Philippine claim to Sabah?

A

“extra-legal action”

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5
Q

What does “Operation Merdeka” mean, and what was its purpose?

A
  • Meaning: “To set free/freedom”
  • Purpose: A secret operation involving training for jungle warfare, sabotage, and infiltration
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6
Q

Where did the Jabidah Massacre occur?

A

Rocky Island of Corregidor

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7
Q

When did Jabidah Massacre occur?

A

March 17, 1968

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8
Q

How many Moro trainees were killed in the Jabidah Massacre, and how many were part of the overall training?

A

64 were killed; 180 trainees in total

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9
Q

Who was the lone survivor of the Jabidah Massacre, and why did he say the trainees were ordered to be shot?

A
  • Jibin Arola
  • Reasons: Refusal to follow orders to attack Sabah, non-payment of monthly allowances
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10
Q

What was Malaysia’s reaction when the alleged invasion plan hit international news?

A

A frenzy of war preparation

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11
Q

How did President Marcos respond to allegations about the Sabah invasion plan?

A

He denied it.

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12
Q
  • An Ilocano who converted to Islam and adopted the name “Abdulatif”
  • Proposed a Pan-Malayan federation and organized the Jabidah expeditionary force in Simunul, Tawi-Tawi
A

Major Eduardo Martelino

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13
Q

What name did Major Eduardo Martelino adopted when converted to Islam?

A

Abdulatif

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14
Q

What did Major Eduardo Martelino proposed and organized? (2)

A
  • Proposed a Pan-Malayan federation
  • Organized the Jabidah expeditionary force in Simunul, Tawi-Tawi
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15
Q

Where was the Jabidah expeditionary force organized?

A

Simunul, Tawi-Tawi

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16
Q

Who were the key figures associated with the Jabidah project, and what were their roles? (3)

A
  • Major Eduardo Martelino - Lead actor and organizer
  • Gen. Romeo Espina - Director (Armed Forces of the Phils (AFP) Chief of Staff)
  • President Ferdinand Marcos - Producer (Commander-in-Chief)
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17
Q

Key figure associated with the Jabidah project: acted as the lead actor and organizer

A

Major Eduardo Martelino

18
Q

Key figure associated with the Jabidah project: acted as the director (AFP Chief of Staff)

A

Gen. Romeo Espina

19
Q

Key figure associated with the Jabidah project: acted as the Producer (Commander-in-Chief)

A

President Ferdinand Marcos

20
Q

What happened to Major Eduardo Martelino after the failure of the Jabidah project?

A

He was blamed for the project’s failure, became a scapegoat, and was sacrificed to conceal the real masterminds.

21
Q

What movement did Datu Udtog Matalam spearhead in response to alleged genocide, discrimination, and land dispossession against Muslims?

A

Islamic Republic of Mindanao

22
Q

Who created the Islamic Republic of Mindanao in response to alleged genocide, discrimination, and land dispossession against Muslims?

A

Datu Udtog Matalam

23
Q

When was the Mindanao Independence Movement (MIM) established?

A

May 1, 1968

24
Q

A movement which sought to form a state comprising the contiguous southern portion of the Philippine Archipelago

A

Mindanao Independence Movement (MIM)

25
Q

What are the key points of the manifesto issued by the Mindanao Independence Movement (MIM)? (4)

A
  1. Recognition of minority rights to self-determination (as per U.N. Charter and Human Rights Declaration)
  2. Affirmation of Muslim self-determination by the Islamic World Congress
  3. Opposition to systematic extermination, isolation, and dispersal of Muslim communities
  4. Islam requires a defined territory for the practice of its tenets and laws
26
Q

To whom was the text of the Mindanao Independence Movement (MIM) Manifesto sent? (3)

A
  • U.N. Secretary-General U Thant
  • Heads of Muslim States
  • President Ferdinand Marcos
27
Q

What impact did the Mindanao Independence Movement (MIM) have on Moro society?

A

It revived the spirit of independence among Moros, especially students and professionals.

28
Q

What major event highlighted the systematic extermination of Muslim youth mentioned in the MIM manifesto?

A

Corregidor Fiasco (Jabidah Massacre)

29
Q

What was the eventual group that followed the legacy of the MIM in pursuing Moro independence?

A

Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF)

30
Q

The threats posed by the Mindanao Independence Movement (MIM) to Christians and reports of Moro youths undergoing guerrilla warfare training caused the formation of what movement in Cotabato?

A

Ilaga Movement

31
Q

What does “Ilaga” mean, and what does it symbolize? (3)

A
  • Ilonggo term for rat, symbolizing half-crazed or mad killers
  • Alleged meaning: Ilonggo Land Grabbers Association
  • Symbol of the natural right to legitimate self-defense
32
Q
  • A simple folk leader tagged as the Ilaga chief
  • Known as “Commander Toothpick”
A

Feliciano Luces

33
Q

Who were the “Magnificent 7” founders of the Ilaga according to the Associated Press? (7)

A

1) Wenceslao de la Cerna (Alamada)
2) Nicolas Dequina (Midsayap)
3) Pacifico de la Cerna (Libungan)
4) Bonifacio Tejada (Mlang)
5) Condrado Lemana (Tulunan)
6) Jose Escribano (Tacurong)
7) Esteban Doruelo (Pigcawayan)

34
Q

Who was the Commander of the Philippine Constabulary suspected to be involved with the Ilaga?

A

Lt. Col. Carlos B. Cajelo (Governor of Cotabato and future Deputy Defense Minister for Civil Relations)

35
Q

What was the date of the Ilaga’s formation, and who reported this? (2)

A
  • September 1970
  • Associated Press
36
Q

Leader of the Philippine Constabulary in Upi, Maguindanao

A

Cpt. Manuel Tronco

37
Q

What event marked the first major rampage of the Ilaga, and when did it occur? (2)

A

Event: Upi Massacre
Date: March 22, 1970

38
Q

Who led the Ilaga during the Upi Massacre, and where did it take place? (2)

A

Leader: Feliciano Luces
Location: Upi, Maguindanao

39
Q

What atrocities were committed by the Ilaga during the Upi Massacre? (4)

A
  • Killed six Moro villagers
  • Burned houses
  • Mutilated victims (cut ears, slashed nipples, plucked eyes)
  • Marked victims with cross-shaped incisions
40
Q

What was the original ethnic composition of the Ilaga, and how did it change over time? (2)

A

Initially: Mostly Tiruray members
Later: Majority Ilonggo members

41
Q

What items were commonly worn by Ilaga members, and what were they believed to do? (2)

A

Items: Anting-anting (amulets and charms)
Belief: Ward off evil spirits

History of the Muslim and Ind. Peoples of MinSuPala (5 decks)

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