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History Russia ALEVEL > 6) The Civil War > Flashcards

6) The Civil War Flashcards

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1
Q

When did civil war begin

A

Summer 1918

After peace had been made with German

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2
Q

Some reasons for why civil war broke out

A

Starvation meant growing opposition

National minorities cease opportunity to get independence

Anger at treaty

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3
Q

Who were the reds

A

Bolsheviks

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4
Q

Who were the whites

A 
Industrialists
Foreign counties 
Middle class liberals 
Tsarists 
Landowners
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5
Q

Aims of the reds

A

Remain in one party control

Build socialist county

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6
Q

Leaders of reds

A

Trotsky
Lenin’s
Checka
Red army

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7
Q

Locations of red

A

Petrograd

Controlled railways and large industries

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8
Q

Aims of whites

A

Stop international rev spread

Bring back tsarist regime

National minorities want independence

Wanted military dictatorship

Wanted constituent assembly back

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9
Q

Location of whites

A

Scattered around everywhere

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10
Q

What was Trotskys contribution to the civil war

A

Organising Bolsheviks operations

Skilful organiser and propagandist – moulded red army effectively

Left red army well fed

Strategic decisions

Inspiration and boosted morale for troops and commanders

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11
Q

When was the first stage of the civil war

A

1918-20

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12
Q

Weaknesses of whites

A

Lacked a single command – difficult given the vast forces involved

Vast geographical distances

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13
Q

Where was the war mainly fought in Russia

A

East and south of Russia

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14
Q

Summer of 1918 and denikin

A

Cossack army attacked don region led by denikin

Successful red resistance prevented denikin from linking with white armies in east

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15
Q

Summer 1919 and denikin

A

Another offensive hit dangerously close to Moscow by October

Trotsky forced denikin army south

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16
Q

When was stage two of civil war

A

1920-22

17
Q

National struggled and independence in 1921

A

Polish armies invaded western Ukrainian but were driven back by tukhachevsky

Treaty of rigs signed which granted polish self rule

18
Q

How many men in red army

A

3 million

19
Q

Explain how Trotsky was prepared to use whatever methods were necessary

A

Recruited 50,000 former tsarist army officers for their experience
Used them to train recruits

Any sign of disloyalty of desertion was punishable by death
Members of Cheka to shoot them

20
Q

The murder of the tsar

A

Bolsheviks thought he could become a figurehead for the whites

July 1918 – whole family shot drenched in acid and thrown in a mine shaft

Killed by Bolshevik police unit (Cheka)

Wasn’t very important few people wanted him as figure head 

21
Q

The role of peasants

A

In the end they supported the reds because they said they could keep their land whereas whites made it clear they would give it back to landlords

22
Q

When was centralisation of power established

A

Early in civil war when Moscow replaced Petrograd as capital
Less vulnerable to attack

23
Q

Who was the driving force behind the government and why

A

Bolsheviks
Party structure appeared democratic
Based on annual congress - elected by mass membership

24
Q

When was politburo created

A

1919

25
Q

What is politburo

A

Real centre for party policy

Key gov officials

Assumed increasing control of state affairs

EXECUTIVE COMMITEE FOR COMMUNIST PARTIES

26
Q

What is democratic centralism

A

In theory Soviet Union was a democracy because workers and peasants elected members of local soviet

Central authorities passed decisions down to the masses

27
Q

List the soviet government structure from top to bottom

A

Sovnarkom

Central committee of soviets

Congress of soviets

Provincial and city soviets

Local and district soviets

28
Q

By the end of 1922 what was Russia know as

A

Union of soviet socialist republics (USSR)

Or

Soviet Union

29
Q

Ehat did the impact of fighting civil war do to the communist state

A

Demand for obedience tightened
Central controls brought in to manage economy and food shortages

Terror used to eradicate opposition

30
Q

Summary of civil war breaking out

A

Civil War broke out because Bolsheviks had seized power in a coup

Fought on many fronts the whites comprised of various groups but the Bolsheviks were united and held the central ground

Civil War was a brutal affair symbolised by the murder of the royal family

Civil War led to a greater governmental centralisation and increased party control these lasted beyond the war

History Russia ALEVEL (24 decks)

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