2) The Feb/mar Revolution 1917 Flashcards
when were political parties formed and what were the main categories
1906
liberals (reform)
revolutionaries (overthrow)
what was the imperial cabinet
a group of honourary advisers directly responsible to the tsar
what did cabinet of ministers do
ran various governement departments
how important was the duma
had no real power
tsar remained final authority
what was the social democrats split into
bolsheviks
mensheviks
Causes of feb/March rev
Frustration of unemployment
People starved and desperate
Demonstration of 150,000 Petrograd workers on anniversary of Bloody Sunday (jan 1917) - hint of things to come
Shortages of bread
Announced that on March 1st bread would be rationed - led to panic buying and good shortages and major strikes
What happened on Sunday 26th feb 1917
duma president sent tsar a telegram warning him of serious situation in Petrograd
Nicholas ignored warnings and ordered duma to be dissolved next day
How did strikes result to much more on Saturday 25 th feb
250,000 people in Petrograd at standstill
Violence escalated when mounted police tried to control masses
Band of civilians killed by soldiers
Cossacks refused to attack a procession of strikers when ordered to do so
Who is the president of the duma
Mikhail rodzianko
Wealthy land owner and octoberists
Describe the mutiny that begun
Sergeant shot his commanding officer dead
66,000 soldiers mutinied and joined protesters by arming them with 40,000 rifles.
Leadership of the feb March rev
Appeared to be spontaneous and leaderless
Major bolsheviks were absent
Eg Lenin in Zurich and Trotsky in New York
Spontaneous rising driven by oppressed working class
Who is victor Chernov
Leader of social revolutionaries
Minister of agriculture in provisional government
How did the February match begin
International women’s day March led by kollontai
Where was the tsar during the feb revolution
On train to Petrograd but never got there
As a result of the feb revolution what did tsar do
Asked to share power with duma and was told he was too late and missed his chance
Abdicated
After the revolution which organisations claimed to be the new Russian government
Provisional government
(Kadets - supported tsar, from duma)
Petrograd soviets ( bolsheviks) (Democratic workers, radical socialists)
Which political party did Lenin come back to lead
Bolsheviks
What type of people were Petrograd soviets
Workers
Soldiers
Peasants
What were the aims of the Petrograd Soviet
To end war quickly
Land distribution
Nationalisation of industry
What will the policies of the Petrograd Soviet
Promise of civil liberties
Promise of freedom to organise trade unions and strikes
Key figures of Petrograd soviet
Aleksandre kerensky - lawyer, sr representative
minister of war
1917 july became chairman - repaced lvov
Petrograd soviets attitude towards provisional government
Member should obey the provisional government but only when the Soviets agreed
Petrograd Soviet’s attitude towards to war
Encourage peasants and workers to defy authority and assert their rights
Wanted to end war as quick as possible without annexation of territory by Germans as price of peace
Type of people in provisional government
Influential elites
Those who favoured constitutional monarchy
Eg kadets liberals and moderate socialists
Aims of provisional government
Restore order in towns and country side
Supposed to be temporary
Discipline army deserters
Polices of provisional government
Change of regime should lead to all our win of the war
Key figures in provisional government
Mikhail- helped set up pg in 1917
Prince lvov - wealthy aristocrat and zemstvo leader
became head of pg after tsars abdication
What is an aristocrat
Nobleman, lord
Provisional governments attitudes towards the war
Tries to discipline army deserters
Change of regime would lead to an all out effort win to the war
Potential problems to provisional governments control
Only supposed to be temporary while preparations made to determine future government
Lacked any real legitimacy and would often be ignored
Failure to set date for elections caused complaints
Main reasons for dissatisfaction with provisional government was
Failure to tackle :
- continuation of war
- demand for land
- economic and social problems facing the population
List of some freedoms given to Russia in spring 1917
Freedom of religion
Freedom of press
Abolish death penalty
Pardon political prisoners
Set up commissions for matters such as food supplies and finance
