3) Developments Between The Revolutions Of 1917

Question 1

List the key actions/events between the two revolutions

(In order)

Answer 1

Lenin arrives back in Russia by a sealed train

April thesis

July days

Summer offensive

kornilovs attempted coop

Situation by October

Lenin and the central committee of Bolshevik party

Trotsky and final preparations for revolution

Question 2

After feb/ March revolution how many members in Bolshevik party

Answer 2

23,000

Question 3

Describe
Lenin arriving in Russia by sealed train

Answer 3

Eight day travel from Switzerland

Enlist Germans help – German saw advantage of allowing Bolsheviks to enter Russia and stir things up because they opposed war

3rd April 1917

Question 4

Discuss
April theses

Answer 4

Lenin’s “letters from afar”

Belief that first stage of revolution has passed

Made it clear the parties job was to lead people to second revolution.

Theory of permanent revolution brought about

Question 5

In Lenin’s April theses what was demanded

Answer 5

War should be brought to an immediate end

Power should be transferred to Soviets

All land should be taken over by state and reallocated to peasants by local Soviets

Question 6

What were mottos that and then and produced to sum up his April theses

Answer 6

Peace, bread and land

All power to the soviets 

Question 7

Reasons given to why Lenin’s April theses wasn’t supported by bolsheviks and Mensheviks

Answer 7

Bolsheviks feared - radical proposals would do more harm than good

Allegations that he was working with Germans

Mensheviks feared Lenin would undermine what had been done by stirring discontent and provoke right wing action

Saw him as unrealistic as Bolshevik were minority among socialists

Question 8

What is permanent revolution

Answer 8

Concept that continuing revolutionary progress within the USSR was dependent on a continuing process of revolution in other countries
E.g. world Rev

Question 9

How did Lenin eventually win over the central committee of the Bolshevik party

Answer 9

Skills of persuasion

Tactful retreat and compromise

Threats of resignation

Abandoned his call for immediate over throw of PG

Question 10

What did Lenin claim in most speeches

Answer 10

Personal Credit for much of what was happening in in Russia

Like for the massive anti war demonstration in Petrograd in April

Question 11

Why did milyukov and guchkov resign from PG

Answer 11

They were foreign ministers of foreign government and had announced that the government would continue fighting in war until victory - this released popular pressure by Petrograd soviet

Question 12

Why were the resignations of milyukov and guchkov a positive in eyes of Lenin

Answer 12

PG move to the left with inclusion of four socialists in the cabinet

Question 13

Vote of confidence for provisional government when all Russian congress of soviets met

Answer 13

543 votes to 126

3 June 1917

Question 14

Discuss
July days

Answer 14

Sailors organised a demonstration at Kronstadt naval base

Lenin new premature revolution risked defeat

Bolsheviks tried to turn protests peaceful but shots fired lead to chaos and uncontrolled rioting

PG crushed demonstrations and the Bolsheviks were blamed for the bloodshed

Question 15

Consequences to July days for bolsheviks

Answer 15

Pravda closed down
Warrants issued for arrest of leaders
Lenin fled
Trotsky and kamenev imprisoned
Bolshevik propaganda burned
Lenin’s reputation fell m

Question 16

Who replaced Prince lvov as prime minister 

Answer 16

Kerensky
8th July

Question 17

What was
The summer offensive

Answer 17

June 1917
Offensive in glacier - Hope to rally the nation
Russian advance was beaten back

Question 18

Consequences of summer offensive

Answer 18

Heavy losses, desertions (anti-war)
Kornilov appointed as commander in chief of army - restore discipline

Question 19

Who did kerensky appoint as commander in chief of army

Answer 19

Kornilov

Question 20

What measure was reinstated to control troops

Answer 20

Death penalty

Question 21

What did those on the left think of kerensky and kornilov

Answer 21

Bolsheviks boycotted kerenskys Moscow state conference and organised a strike

Mensheviks and SRs spoke out against kornilov measures

Question 22

What did those on the right think of kornilov and kerensky

Answer 22

Landowners and businessmen felt kornilov was their saviour as little was done to protect their land property and interests before him.

Question 23

What was the kornilov attempted coup

Answer 23

end of August kornilov ordered troops to March to Petrograd - crush soviets and establish military dictatorship

Kerensky panicked ordered kornilov to hault- he didn’t

Kerensky then released imprisoned bolsheviks and provided workers with weapons to haunt advance

Kornilovs supply lines cut
Coup leaders arrested

Question 24

Who were the red guards

Answer 24

Loyal volunteer soldiers mostly recruited from factory workers
Given basic training
Young and old alike

Question 25

Aftermath of the kornilov coup
Success for Bolsheviks

Answer 25

Bolsheviks Milked propaganda opportunities- scorn kerenskys gov

Lenin sent orders from Finland to continue applying pressure

Bolshevik membership reached 200,000 by Oct

Question 26

How many red guards by October 1917

Answer 26

10,000

Question 27

What was kerenskys political miscalculation

Answer 27

5th October
Sent radical army units out of petrograd to prepare front line service

Fear of Bolsheviks uprising

Claims that kerensky was abandoning capital to allow it to fall to Germans

9th Oct - soviet adapted resolution - create military revolutionary centre to protect Petrograd from attacks

Question 28

Discuss

Lenin and central committee of Bolshevik party

Answer 28

Mid September - Lenin bombards CC of Bolshevik party to prepare for rev and seizure of power from Finland

12th sept - history won’t forgive us is we don’t assume power now

Committee voted against coup

10th Oct - Lenin arrived back and succeeded with a vote 10-2

Persuade of armed rising

Question 29

Who were against a coup in October within Bolshevik party and why

Answer 29

Kamenev and zinoviev

Urged Russia was not economically ready for rev

Question 30

Discuss Trotsky and final preparations for revolution

Answer 30

Largely left to Trotsky to organise rev

Sent Bol speakers around factories bro gain support

5th Oct set up military revolution committee - 48/66 members Bolshevik

Mensheviks and SRs refused to cooperate

Question 31

Key facts for Petrograds garrison units

Answer 31

15/18 declared allegiance to soviet over PG

200,000 red guards
150,000 soldiers
60,000 sailors

Question 32

When did Bolshevik revolution officially begin

Answer 32

25 th October
State of mutiny and armed revolt

Question 33

Was PG doomed from the start
Deteriorating economic situation

Answer 33

Inflation - price for grain increased by 100%

Shortages of food and fuel