3) Developments Between The Revolutions Of 1917 Flashcards
List the key actions/events between the two revolutions
(In order)
Lenin arrives back in Russia by a sealed train
April thesis
July days
Summer offensive
kornilovs attempted coop
Situation by October
Lenin and the central committee of Bolshevik party
Trotsky and final preparations for revolution
After feb/ March revolution how many members in Bolshevik party
23,000
Describe
Lenin arriving in Russia by sealed train
Eight day travel from Switzerland
Enlist Germans help – German saw advantage of allowing Bolsheviks to enter Russia and stir things up because they opposed war
3rd April 1917
Discuss
April theses
Lenin’s “letters from afar”
Belief that first stage of revolution has passed
Made it clear the parties job was to lead people to second revolution.
Theory of permanent revolution brought about
In Lenin’s April theses what was demanded
War should be brought to an immediate end
Power should be transferred to Soviets
All land should be taken over by state and reallocated to peasants by local Soviets
What were mottos that and then and produced to sum up his April theses
Peace, bread and land
All power to the soviets 
Reasons given to why Lenin’s April theses wasn’t supported by bolsheviks and Mensheviks
Bolsheviks feared - radical proposals would do more harm than good
Allegations that he was working with Germans
Mensheviks feared Lenin would undermine what had been done by stirring discontent and provoke right wing action
Saw him as unrealistic as Bolshevik were minority among socialists
What is permanent revolution
Concept that continuing revolutionary progress within the USSR was dependent on a continuing process of revolution in other countries
E.g. world Rev
How did Lenin eventually win over the central committee of the Bolshevik party
Skills of persuasion
Tactful retreat and compromise
Threats of resignation
Abandoned his call for immediate over throw of PG
What did Lenin claim in most speeches
Personal Credit for much of what was happening in in Russia
Like for the massive anti war demonstration in Petrograd in April
Why did milyukov and guchkov resign from PG
They were foreign ministers of foreign government and had announced that the government would continue fighting in war until victory - this released popular pressure by Petrograd soviet
Why were the resignations of milyukov and guchkov a positive in eyes of Lenin
PG move to the left with inclusion of four socialists in the cabinet
Vote of confidence for provisional government when all Russian congress of soviets met
543 votes to 126
3 June 1917
Discuss
July days
Sailors organised a demonstration at Kronstadt naval base
Lenin new premature revolution risked defeat
Bolsheviks tried to turn protests peaceful but shots fired lead to chaos and uncontrolled rioting
PG crushed demonstrations and the Bolsheviks were blamed for the bloodshed
Consequences to July days for bolsheviks
Pravda closed down
Warrants issued for arrest of leaders
Lenin fled
Trotsky and kamenev imprisoned
Bolshevik propaganda burned
Lenin’s reputation fell m
Who replaced Prince lvov as prime minister 
Kerensky
8th July
What was
The summer offensive
June 1917
Offensive in glacier - Hope to rally the nation
Russian advance was beaten back
Consequences of summer offensive
Heavy losses, desertions (anti-war)
Kornilov appointed as commander in chief of army - restore discipline
Who did kerensky appoint as commander in chief of army
Kornilov
What measure was reinstated to control troops
Death penalty
What did those on the left think of kerensky and kornilov
Bolsheviks boycotted kerenskys Moscow state conference and organised a strike
Mensheviks and SRs spoke out against kornilov measures
What did those on the right think of kornilov and kerensky
Landowners and businessmen felt kornilov was their saviour as little was done to protect their land property and interests before him.
What was the kornilov attempted coup
end of August kornilov ordered troops to March to Petrograd - crush soviets and establish military dictatorship
Kerensky panicked ordered kornilov to hault- he didn’t
Kerensky then released imprisoned bolsheviks and provided workers with weapons to haunt advance
Kornilovs supply lines cut
Coup leaders arrested
Who were the red guards
Loyal volunteer soldiers mostly recruited from factory workers
Given basic training
Young and old alike
Aftermath of the kornilov coup
Success for Bolsheviks
Bolsheviks Milked propaganda opportunities- scorn kerenskys gov
Lenin sent orders from Finland to continue applying pressure
Bolshevik membership reached 200,000 by Oct
How many red guards by October 1917
10,000
What was kerenskys political miscalculation
5th October
Sent radical army units out of petrograd to prepare front line service
Fear of Bolsheviks uprising
Claims that kerensky was abandoning capital to allow it to fall to Germans
9th Oct - soviet adapted resolution - create military revolutionary centre to protect Petrograd from attacks
Discuss
Lenin and central committee of Bolshevik party
Mid September - Lenin bombards CC of Bolshevik party to prepare for rev and seizure of power from Finland
12th sept - history won’t forgive us is we don’t assume power now
Committee voted against coup
10th Oct - Lenin arrived back and succeeded with a vote 10-2
Persuade of armed rising
Who were against a coup in October within Bolshevik party and why
Kamenev and zinoviev
Urged Russia was not economically ready for rev
Discuss Trotsky and final preparations for revolution
Largely left to Trotsky to organise rev
Sent Bol speakers around factories bro gain support
5th Oct set up military revolution committee - 48/66 members Bolshevik
Mensheviks and SRs refused to cooperate
Key facts for Petrograds garrison units
15/18 declared allegiance to soviet over PG
200,000 red guards
150,000 soldiers
60,000 sailors
When did Bolshevik revolution officially begin
25 th October
State of mutiny and armed revolt
Was PG doomed from the start
Deteriorating economic situation
Inflation - price for grain increased by 100%
Shortages of food and fuel
