6. P U B B U I L D POMP

Question 1

STREETS (6)

Answer 1

1. Main streets inside town were a contribution of the main roads that connected Pompeii with Rome as well as surrounding town.
   • Main streets of town also led to the Forum
2. The streets of P were paved with large slab of volcanic stone.
3. The road was raised slightly
4. Narrow footpaths were laid above road level on either side
5. Stepping stones were placed along streets, esp. in front of homes of the wealthy to allow pedestrians
6. Some streets surfaces display ruin caused by the continuous scraping of metal rimmed wheels on Roman carts= evidence of thriving economy

Question 2

WATER SUPPLY (4)

Answer 2

1. Located at many street corners
2. Springs of the Aquado river
3. The pressure created by the downward flowing water= provide good flow to underground lead pipes to all parts of town including bath complexes.
4. Wealthier citizens paid special rate

Question 3

FORUM- How was it a Centre of economic, social, Religious, Political and Judicial life?

Answer 3

1. The F operated as a complex where the most important financial, social, political and business activities took place.
2. Barriers against wheeled vehicles reserved it as a pedestrian area, like a modern day plaza or piazza
3. In the middle of the western side of the forum Archeologists discovered the suggestum, the platform on which orators spoke when they stood to the crowd.
4. Only a typical day the Forum would have been crowded with people buying or selling goods conducting business agreements, visiting temples, listening to political speeches, hearing news from Rome, making legal transactions and governing the town.
5. In the public space of the Forum, romans unified religion and state. It was dominated by temples dedicated to various Roman gods and the cult of the emperor as a god.
6. Temple of Jupiter

Question 4

SOCIAL aspects

Answer 4

1. There were 4 large thermae in Pompeii: The Forum baths, Central Baths, Stabian Baths and Sarno baths
2. Roman Baths and bathing Practices= The combined relaxation and leisure activities under one roof, and promoted the bodily health and fitness of patrons. They provided large gymnasia, open courts and exercise equipment. Most people would have gone to one of the public baths, not only to wash but also to socialize.
   The discovery of lamps in the Stabian baths suggests either they were open after dark or bathers made their way to the baths before daylight

Question 5

NameThe 4 large thermae in Pompeii:

Answer 5

The Forum baths, Central Baths, Stabian Baths and Sarno baths

Question 6

RELIGIOUS

Answer 6

1. Temple of Jupiter
2. Temple of Apollo: Stands on a site which had been sacred ground from as early as the 6th century BC, when the Greek cult of Apollo reached Pompeii. Statue of Apollo is in the temple.
3. Temple of the Lares: A temple dedicated to to the lares, patron gods of the town. Romans believed these gods protected the town. Building was perhaps constructed after the earthquake of 62AD
4. Temple of Vespasian: Temple dedicated to the worship of the emporer Vespasian. Its marble altar shows a priest performing sacrifice. Statue of Vespasian stood at end of building.
5. Temple of the Genius of augustus
6. The Capitolium:symbolized the religious and political union of the Roman state under the emporer. Jupiter was the guardian of Rome who brought health and properity.

Question 7

ECONOMIC-
The central colonnaded area of the forum was an open-air market where traders of all kinds would have set up their skills
(5)

Answer 7

1. Mensa Ponderaria= This was the location of the public weights and measures table. Officials used this device to ensure that correct weights and measures were being used in trade.
2. The Macellum: A large covered market in the NE corner of the Forum of fish an meat, operating everyday Sunday.
3. Remains of fish bones, fruits, cereals and fish that indicate the activities that took place. It housed money changers.
   The walls of the Porticoes were decorated with paintings that showed the types of food sold in the market, such as fish and fowl. In the foreground is large circular area in the Centre contained a fish tank, a fountain and workbenches for scaling and preparing fish.
   A Public notice from Pompeii: “Dies Nundinae- Satu(ni) Pompeis” ( CIL IV 8863 ) = Market days for Pompeii, opened saturdays
4. The Eumachia: The building of the fullers collegium was used for meetings of the wool makers, dyers and laundered
5. The Basillica: The home of the court of justice and the center of the town’s economic life, and thus the busiest places. Was used for commercial businesses as well as legal transactions

Question 8

POLITICAL: The Basillica and the Capitolium

Answer 8

1. The Basillica:
2. The home of the court of justice and the center of the town’s economic life, and thus the busiest places.
3. Was used for commercial businesses as well as legal transactions
4. Here ministers had their office, commercial and entertainment licenses were issued and law cases heard.
   The Capitolium:
5. symbolized the religious and political union of the Roman state under the emporer

Question 9

Political buildings (2)

Answer 9

The Basillica and the Capitolium

Question 10

Judicial buildings

Answer 10

1. The Basillica:
   -The home of the court of justice and the center of the town’s economic life, and thus the busiest places.
   -Was used for commercial businesses as well as legal transactions. At the back of the Basillica was the tribunal, a raised platform on which judges would sit so that they were separated from the other people in the building.
2. Municipal buildings:
   The comitium= The building housed the Peoples assembly and was used for voting procedures during annual elections
   Office of the duumviri= a statue of the emperor was contained. It was the office of the two most important magistrates of the town
   Council House= Here the town council assembled. Archaeologists have interpreted the piers to be the supports for wooden cupboards that would have been set into the niches and held the administrative records of the town.
   Aediles Office= held the aediles and their staff

Question 11

BATHS

Answer 11

-There were 4 large thermae in Pompeii: The Forum baths, Central Baths, Stabian Baths and Sarno baths
-Roman Baths and bathing Practices= The combined relaxation and leisure activities under one roof, and promoted the bodily health and fitness of patrons. They provided large gymnasia, open courts and exercise equipment. Most people would have gone to one of the public baths, not only to wash but also to socialize.
The discovery of lamps in the Stabian baths suggests either they were open after dark or bathers made their way to the baths before daylight
-Layout of a Roman Bath house= Tepidarium (large vaulted hall slightly heated), or the Frigidarium (room with large plunge pool), and in the Calidarium was where bathers gathered to socialize .
-Heating the Baths: It was heated a high temp by a bypocaust system located under the marble floor. The bath raised on a pile of bricks or tiles. These piles of bricks were part of the bypocaust heating system, which heated floors and baths
Archeological evidence: A ring with 3 strings, a dish and an ointment jar, A strigil.

Question 12

PALAESTRA

Answer 12

-Mens baths usually had a palaestra, or exercise area.