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M3 Pharm B2 > 6 - OTC & Pharmacogenetics > Flashcards

6 - OTC & Pharmacogenetics Flashcards

1
Q

OTC drugs containing sympathomimetic (phenylephrine - decongestant) should be avoided in?

A

Hypertension

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2
Q

Aspirin should not be used in a child with?

A

Viral fever (Reye’s Syndrome)

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3
Q

H1 and H2

A

H1: Antihistamine
- 1st gen: diphenhydramine, cholorpheniramine, promethazine –> highly sedatin

  • 2nd gen: fexofenadine, loratidine, cetirizine

H2: Gastric

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4
Q

Misuse/Abuse Effects: Dextrometorphan (Antitussive) contains

A

Aluminum hydroxide (an antacid) that causes constipation

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5
Q

Misuse/Abuse Effects: High Doses of Caffeine

A

Rebound Headache

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6
Q

Misuse/Abuse Effects: Long term use analgesics

A

Interstitial nephritis

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7
Q

Nasal decongestants: Drugs and Effects

A

Stimulates alpha receptors (vasospasm)

Oxymetazoline
Phenylephrine
Pseudoephedrine

Effects: Rebound congestion and increased BP

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8
Q

NSAIDs: Drugs and Effects

A

Ibuprofen
Aspirin

Impair the hypotensive/antihypertesnive effect of ACEIs by blocking bradykinin mediated vasodilation

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9
Q

Antitussives: Drugs and Effects

A

Codeine (opioid anaol)
Dextromethorphan

**Causes sedation
Addiction

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10
Q

Antihistamines: Drugs and Effects

A

Chlorpheniramine
Cetirizine (less sedation)
Diphenhydramine

Sedation

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11
Q

Prescription Plant Drugs (3)

A

Atropine
Digoxin
Morphine

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12
Q

Saw Palmetto

A

BPH

5-Alpha reductase inhibitor

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13
Q

St. John’s Wort

A

Antidepressant
Anti-viral and anti-cancer

Enhances serotonin
Induces CYP-450

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14
Q

Ginkgo

A

Alzheimer’s /Dementia
Antioxidant
HTN

Intermittent claudication

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15
Q

Echinacea

A

Common cold
Bacterial, Viral, & Fungal

Enhances interleukin

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16
Q

Melatonin

A

Jet lag and insomnia

Serotonin effects

Inhibits LH Surge and decreases sperm count

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17
Q

Ephedra

A

Weight loss & congestion

Sympathomimetic

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18
Q

Ginseng

A

Mental and physical enhancer

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19
Q

Garlic

A

Anti-hyperlipidemic - Heart disease and cancer

Inhibits HMG-CoA reductase
Acts like ACE Inhibitors

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20
Q

Mixing garlic with anti-platelet drugs (e.g. Aspirin or Warfarin) OR any other HYPERtensives leads to what?

A

Hypotension

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21
Q

Dehydroepiandrosterone

A

Anti-aging - SLE

Androgen precursor

22
Q

Kava

A

Anxiety

Enhances GABA

23
Q

Feverfew

A

Migraine

Decreases leukotrienes and prostaglandins

24
Q

Milk thistle

A

Liver disease
Mushroom poisoning

Antioxidant

25
Q

Coenzyme Q10

A

Hypertension
Myopathy
Angina

Antioxidant

26
Q

Glucosamine

A

Osteoarthritis

Major part of connective tissue and cartilage

27
Q

Serotonin (5HT) Receptors: Buspirone (+5HT1A)

A

GAD

28
Q

Serotonin (5HT) Receptors: Sumatriptan (+5HT1D)

A

Migraine

29
Q

Serotonin (5HT) Receptors: Olanzapine *(-5HT2A)

A

Atypical Antipsychotic

Typical antipsychotic: D2 inhibitor

30
Q

Serotonin (5HT) Receptors: Cyprohepatadine *(-5HT2)

A

H1-Blocker

31
Q

Serotonin (5HT) Receptors: Ondansetron *(-5HT3)

A

Antiemetic for cancer therapy

32
Q

Malignant Hyperthermia: Cause from Drugs and Onset

A

Succinylcholine
Volatile anesthestics

Onset: within MINUTES

33
Q

Malignant Hyperthermia: Treatment

A

Dantrolene - inhibits calcium from SR

34
Q

Serotonin Syndrome: Cause from Drugs and Onset

A

Combo of 2 SSRIs: SSRIs, MAOI, Linezolid, Triptans, St. John’s, Ginseng, LSD

Onset: Within HOURS

35
Q

Serotonin Syndrome: Treatment

A

Benzodiazepines

36
Q

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome: Cause from Drugs and Onset

A

D2-blocking antipsychotics (haloperidol)

Onset: 1-3 DAYS

37
Q

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome: Treatment

A

IV Diphenhydramine (which also blocks muscarinic receptors)

Botulenum

Dantrolene

38
Q

Pharmacogenetics: Defined

A

Study of how an individual’s genetic inheritance affects the body’s response to drugs

39
Q

Pharmacogenetics: Latest Technology (2)

A
  1. Reverse genetics

2. Genotype to phenotype

40
Q

Pharmacogenetics: Clinical Practice

A

Adjusting doses based on genetic testing

41
Q

Genetic Polymorphisms: Clinical Significance

A

Substitution of a single base pair by another

When found in the population at frequency of >=1% SNP

42
Q

Genetic Polymorphisms: Succinylcholine

A

Prolonged respiratory paralysis

Butyrylcholinesterase defect

43
Q

Genetic Polymorphisms: Isoniazed

A

SLE and High incidence of peripheral neuritis

Slow acetylators

44
Q

Genetic Polymorphisms: Procainamide and Hydralazine

A

SLE

Slow acetylator

45
Q

Genetic Polymorphisms: 6-Mercaptopurine

A

Increased BMS

From TPMT defect

46
Q

Genetic Polymorphisms: 6-Mercaptopurine

A

Increased BMS

From TPMT defect

47
Q

Genetic Polymorphisms: CYP2D6

A

Tamoxifen - poor metabolizer

High risk of relapse in breast cancer patients

48
Q

Ultra Rapid Metabolizers

A

Nortryptiline (antidepressant)

Saudi Arabians

49
Q

Genetic Polymorphisms: CYP2C9*3

A

Warfarin toxicity

50
Q

Genetic Polymorphisms: UGT1A1*28

A

Gilbert’s Syndrome (hyperbilirubinemic disease)

e.g. Irinotecan

51
Q

Genetic Polymorphisms: CYP2C9 Poor Metabolizers (2)

A
  1. Warfarin toxicity - bleeding

2. Phenytoin - nystagmus, ataxia

M3 Pharm B2 (10 decks)

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