6. Metals

Question 1

Please send Lions, Camels, Monkeys And Colourful Zebras In Hollow Cages Securely Guarded

Answer 1

Potassium, Sodium, Lithium, Calcium, Magnesium, Aluminium, Carbon, Zinc, Iron, Hollow, Copper, Silver and Gold

Question 2

What is a displacement reaction?

Answer 2

When a more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its compound in aqueous solution

Question 3

Displacement reactions

Answer 3

Produce metals and their compounds (aq)
Used to establish positions within the reactivity series
More reactive loses electrons (Oxidised)
Less reactive gains electrons (Reduced)

Question 4

Another word for a displacement reaction?

Answer 4

REDOX reaction

Question 5

Where does Carbon fit into the reactivity series?

Answer 5

Below Aluminium & above Zinc

Question 6

Where does Hydrogen fit into the reactivity series?

Answer 6

Below Iron & above Copper

Question 7

What do Gold, Silver & Platinum have in common?

Answer 7

They are all found in the Earth as a compound in an ore

Question 8

What is an ore?

Answer 8

Ores are naturally occurring rocks that contain metal or metal compounds in sufficient amounts to make it economically worthwhile extracting them.

Question 9

What kind of lattices do metals create?

Answer 9

Giant lattices

Question 10

Copper

Answer 10

Used for wiring/plumbing, good conductor, can be bent but hard enough for pipes & doesn’t react with water

Question 11

Iron

Answer 11

Iron from a blast furnace is only 96% iron
The impurities make it brittle & not very useful
Most is converted to Steel

Question 12

Steel

Answer 12

Steel Iron and Carbon
High carbon Steels are hard
Low carbon steels are easily shaped
Stainless steel is corrosion resistant

Question 13

What is an Alloy?

Answer 13

A mixture of two or more metals

Question 14

Why are Alloys harder?

Answer 14

Their different sized atoms distort layers in structures, make it harder to slide

Question 15

What is a shape memory alloy?

Answer 15

An alloy that returns to original shape when heat or electricity is passed through
ie Nitinol is used in dental braces

Question 16

How are Metals less reactive then Carbon extracted?

Answer 16

They can be extracted from their oxides by reduction with Carbon i.e. Iron Oxide is reduced in a blast furnace to make Iron

Question 17

Equations in a blast furnace

Answer 17

Carbon dioxide + Carbon –> Carbon Monoxide

Iron Oxide + Carbon Monoxide –> Iron + Carbon dioxide

Question 18

How are metals more reactive than Carbon extracted?

Answer 18

From the electrolysis of molten compounds

Question 19

Why are metals more reactive than Carbon expensive?

Answer 19

They have to be melted for electrolysis, this requires a lot of energy and this makes it very expensive

Question 20

How is Copper extracted?

Answer 20

From Copper-rich ores by heating the ores in a furnace

Then purified via electrolysis

Question 21

What is the problem with the extraction of Copper?

Answer 21

The supply of Copper-rich ores is being depleted

Traditional mining methods have serious environmental effects

Question 22

Two new ways of Copper extraction from low grad ores

Answer 22

Phytomining

Bioleaching

Question 23

What is phytomining?

Answer 23

Plants are placed in soil rich in metal compounds, the plants absorb the compounds through their roots, then the plants are burnt and the ashes contain the compounds

Question 24

What is bioleaching?

Answer 24

Bioleaching uses bacteria to produce leachate solutions that contain metal compounds

Question 25

How else can Copper be obtained?

Answer 25

Through the electrolysis of Copper salts using scrap iron

Question 26

Why should we recycle metals?

Answer 26

Extracting them uses limited resources, and is expensive in terms of energy and in terms of effects on the environment