2. Bonding and structure

Question 1

Substances on compounds are what?

Answer 1

Chemically bonded

Question 2

What is the definition of chemical bonding?

Answer 2

The transferring or sharing of electrons in the outer shells in order to achieve a full outer shells

Question 3

Compounds are made of what?

Answer 3

Ions

Question 4

Features of Ionic Bonds

Answer 4

Form Giant Ionic Lattices
Held by Strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charges ions, acting in all directions
HIGH m.p & b.p because large amount of energy need to break the many strong bonds
Carry charge due to sea of delocalised electrons

Question 5

What types of molecules are formed when covalently bonded?

Answer 5

Simple Molecules eg H2, 02

Giant covalent structures (Macromolecules) eg Diamond and Silicon Dioxide

Question 6

Features of Simple molecules

Answer 6

Only have weak intermolecular forces of attraction, which are easily overcome, so low m.p & b.p
Do not conduct electricity

Question 7

Features of Macromolecules

Answer 7

All atoms linked by strong covalent bonds so V. HIGH m.p & b.p

Question 8

Carbon

Answer 8

Each Carbon atom has 4 covalent bonds so very hard §

Question 9

Graphite

Answer 9

Each Carbon has 3 Covalent bonds
Forming layers with no covalent bonds in between
So can slide over eachother
Leaves one delocalised electron to carry heat & charge

Question 10

What are Fullerenes?

Answer 10

Hexagonal rings of Carbon that for tube like shapes with different numbers of Carbon atoms (occasional nano sized)

Question 11

Applications of fullerenes?

Answer 11

used in drug delivery, Lubricants, catalysts & reinforcing materials

Question 12

What Nanoscience?

Answer 12

All structures between 1-100nm

Question 13

1nm

Answer 13

1.0 x 10^-7cm

Question 14

What is beneficial about nanoscience?

Answer 14

High surface area to volume ratio