Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PSYC 325 - Midterm 2 > 6. Media & Body Image > Flashcards

6. Media & Body Image Flashcards

1
Q

body image

A

an individual’s perceptions and evaluations of their body
- Particularly appearance-based

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Body image disturbance

A

demonstrably inaccurate perceptions, or discontent with one or more of the body’s observable features

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

evidence of body dissatisfaction in children?

A

6-8 yr olds -> desire for thinness (girls) , drive for muscularity (boys)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

is Disordered eating linked to lower life expectancy and health.?

A

ya
- Body image = disrupts relationships, increases steroid use, vanity-driven spending, self-esteem and mental health

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

how are bodies represented in screen media (tv, movies)

A
  • Overrepresentation of thinness
  • Underrepresentation of fatness
    –> Fat characters more likely to be insulted, insults more likely to be followed by laughter (MOST TRUE with FEMALE CHARACTERS)
    –> Fat characters depicted with fewer romances, fewer friends, having less sex, having fewer leadership roles

—reinforces message of fatness as ridicule—

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

how are bodies represented in CHILDREN’S screen media (tv, movies)

A

In cartoons and children’s videos, thinner characters more likely to display positive characteristics (Concerns regarding physical appearance is often subtle.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how are bodies represented in viddy games

A
  • Female characters often depicted as thin with large breasts
  • Male characters often depicted as hyper-muscularized
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

explain Hargreaves & Tiggeman (2004) Idealized media images and adolescent body image: ”comparing” boys and girls.

A

grade 8-12 shown “ideal body” commercial (thin for women, muscular for men), or non-apppearance focused -> asked to rate body dissatisfaction after

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

results

A

big difference for women (higher in body dissatisfaction and appearance comparison after “ideal” commercial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

why less consistent for boys?

A
  • Differences in self-concept/self-esteem across genders?
  • Different ages in which boys are more impacted by idealized media?
    • Study in university men found an impact.
  • Differences in media representations of idealized bodies across genders?
  • Differences in baseline self-esteem?
  • Challenges in assessing body image in boys?
  • Old studies → would the same thing be found today?
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what do experimental studies find

A

after being exposed to idealized media, there is an INCREASE in body dissatisfaction
eg: Experimental study found participants had LESS body satisfaction after watching an appearance based music video

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

LIMITATIONS OF EXPERIMENTAL

A
  • Short-term effects
  • Lab environment = non-realistic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what do Correlational research find

A

overall correlations between media exposure and body image do not always show associations
- messier data
- less consistent than experimental

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

why do they differ?

A
  • May show longer-term predictions?
  • May depend on content?
  • Or, may depend on what sort of thinking is being done while consuming media
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what did they find after measuring grade 2-4 girls

A

Measured TV viewing and body ideal but did not find correlation
BUT
predicted body ideal at 1 year later
(Maybe it’s just a slow effect?)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what matters?

A

CONTENT
Soap opera viewing specifically → negative relationship to body image (more viewing, less happy with body)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

natural experiment ????

A

Examined Fijian teenage girls before and 3 years after the arrival of Western TV
- Observed increase in disordered eating and dieting
- Virtually no examples before this (1995)

77% said -> TV had influenced their body image
- Seemed to show an idea that thinness = success

18
Q

meta anlysis results

A

small (but significant) links between media and body dissatisfaction

-> other factors involved

19
Q

factors that matter (3)

A
  1. gender (research mostly on girls)
  2. pre-existing body dissatisfaction (Individuals who already have high levels of dissatisfaction = more influenced)
  3. race/ethnicity (More influence of same-race characters; Different impacts between individuals of different races, and/or by characters of different races?)
20
Q

Social Comparison Theory

A
  • We compare ourselves to others
    • Upwards, downwards, lateral
  • Our self-evaluation is relative to our evaluation to others

Theory: we also evaluate ourselves relative to those seen via media
- Are these comparisons different?

21
Q

Internalization of Thin Ideals

A

Society’s message → thin = better; muscular = better

  • Message transmitted via media
  • We internalize this message
  • Failure to live up to this standard → greater body dissatisfaction
22
Q

Contingent Self-Worth Theory

A

Society’s message → your value is determined by appearance

  • Message transmitted through media
  • Failure to meet thin/muscular ideals can lead to negative self-worth, which turns to body dissatisfaction
23
Q

are these theories mutually exclusive?

A

nah, can all be true
likely to be all or combination of some

24
Q

leaked facebook research

A

Surveys and interviews with teens → 30% girls reported worse body image after using Instagram

25
Q

biases in social media research

A
  • Responses to question re: body image might influence this
  • Biases in self-report
  • Perception = not accurate
  • Correlational
26
Q

difference between social media and trad media

A
  • Internet based platforms/sites that allow users to create, share, and exchange their own content
    -> Bidirectional relationship
  • Content comes from peers as well as mass media sources
27
Q

difference between social media and face-to-face interactions

A

Can control how you present yourself
- Curated view of yourself
Permanence and publicness
- Persists over time—post is often there forever
- Public
Quantifiability: numerical social metrics
- Likes, comments, etc.

28
Q

Does Social Media Impact Body Image?

A

Most (not all!) research does suggest there is an overall small link between social media use and body dissatisfaction

29
Q

do effects of social media differ from trad media ? or face-to-face ?

A

using an ETA (more accurate in the moment, gives you lots of data) -> most comparisons = in-person (Comparing yourself to someone in-person who is more relevant to you has a larger effect than someone online)

30
Q

most common comparison in this study?

A

upward

31
Q

most diverse? (down, up, lateral)

A

in-person

32
Q

which upward comparison led to the lowest appearance satisfaction?

A

social media

33
Q

factors that matter -> platform type

A

more consistent findings from image-based platforms

34
Q

factors that matter -> Different types of social media activities

A

image-based -> most negative
- selfies
- viewing / posting (no difference b/w editing and posting & only editing)
- feedback (likes, comments, etc.)

35
Q

factors that matter -> gender

A

Similar effects across genders
- Maybe due to age (boys hit at an older age)
- Type of content (more muscular/targeted content on social media for men)

36
Q

positive social media (3)

A

Viewing ”Instagram vs Reality” posts
- Potentially increase body image
Parodies of thin-ideal media
Body positive content
- Content that rejects body ideals
- Varies depending on how content is received (pandering =/= positive)

37
Q

limitations of current research (3)

A

mainly correlational
mostly focused on young adults
social media -> constantly changing

38
Q

define media literacy

A

Making sense about media, consider why media is presented and what the function of certain media is

39
Q

components of media literacy (3)

A
  • Reality skepticism
    • Is this a real depiction?
  • Similarity skepticism
    • Is this a relevant comparison to me?
  • Critical thought
    • What is their attention, who are they trying to influence
40
Q

positive effects of teaching media literacy

A

Students enrolled in media literacy programs (in high school) show less internalization of the thin ideal, less drive for thinness, and more body satisfaction

PSYC 325 - Midterm 2 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions