Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Repro > 6. Male Reproductive System > Flashcards

6. Male Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the septum of the scrotum

A

Divides scrotum into 2 components for each testis

Deep to scrotal raphe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the innervation of the testis & scrotum

A

Anterior surface: Lumbar plexus

Posterior & inferior surfaces: Sacral plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the testis & scrotum

A

Testis: para aortic nodes
Scrotum: superficial inguinal nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How are the testes suspended in the scrotum

A

Spermatic cords

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the 2 main layers of the testes

A

Tunica vaginalis: visceral & parietal layers

Tunica albuginea: tough, fibrous outer layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe the 2 sublayers of the tunica vaginalis in the testes

A

Visceral later:
covers each testes
except where attaches to epididymis & spermatic cord

Parietal layer:
adjacent to internal spermatic fascia
More extensive than visceral
Extends superiorly for short distance onto distal part of spermatic cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe the descent of the testis

A

Arise in Mesonephric ridge @ lower pole of kidneys

Tethered to labioscrotal folds (genital swellings: future scrotum) by gubernaculum (future scrotal ligament)

As body grows, relative position of testis becomes more caudal

Musculo-fascial layer evaginates into scrotum with peritoneal membrane, to form Processus Vaginalis

As descend, cross inguinal canal & exit anterolateral abdominal wall

Above testis, fascia & peritoneum become closely apposed;
Fascial layers obliterated
Stem of Processus vaginalis/vas deferens/testicular vessels/nerves forms spermatic cord, occupying inguinal canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the 2 cells of the testis
What do they produce
Where are they found

A

Sertoli cells:
Spermatozoa development
Seminiferous tubules

Leydig (interstitial) cells:
Secrete testosterone
In interstitial tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe the arterial supply of the testis

A

Direct from abdominal aorta
Long testicular arteries arise inferior to renal arteries
Blood cooled in testicular artery, as wrapped in testicular vein
Pass retroperitoneally, cross ureters & inf part of iliac arteries to reach deep inguinal rings
Pass thru Inguinal canal, emerging thru superficial inguinal rings
Enter spermatic cords

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe the venous drainage of the testis

A

Asymmetrical:
Veins emerging from testis & epididymis from Pampiniform Venous Plexus (part of testis thermoregulatory system)
Venous plexus converge, forming L & R testicular veins
R testicular vein drains to IVC
L testicular vein drains to L renal vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the 3 segments of the epididymis

A

Head (caput)
Body (corpus)
Tail (caudal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How does the epididymis connect to the seminiferous tubules

A

Via efferent ductules & the rete testis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the main functions of the epididymis

A

Sperm transport
House sperm from maturation
House sperm for storage (in tail segment)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe the course of the vas (ductus) deferens

A 
Ascends in spermatic cord
Traverses inguinal canal
Passes around pelvic side wall
Passes between bladder & ureter
Forms dilated ampulla
Opens into ejaculatory duct
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the main function of the vas deferens

A

Transport sperms rapidly to prostatic urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the contents of the spermatic cord

A 
Neurovascular:
Testicular artery
Cremasteric artery
Artery to Vas
Pampiniform plexus
Genital branch of Genitofemoral Nerve

Duct system:
Vas deferens
Lymphatics
Processus vaginalis

17
Q

What is the boundaries of the spermatic cord (what is its course)

A

From deep inguinal ring (lateral to inferior epigastric vessels)
To posterior border of testis
via inguinal canal & superficial Inguinal ring

18
Q

What are the coverings of the spermatic cord

Where do they come from

A

From the anterolateral abdominal wall:

External spermatic fascia (transversalis fascia; remnant of aponeurosis of external oblique)

Cremasteric muscle & fascia (internal oblique & transversalis)

Internal spermatic fascia (transversalis fascia)

19
Q

What is the seminal vesicle

Where is it found

A

2 small glands

Posterior to prostate, between bladder & rectum

20
Q

Describe the structure of the seminal vesicle

A

Gland body has single, convoluted tube joining ampulla of vas deferens to form ejaculatory duct

Mucous membrane forms syste, of thin, branched, anastomosing folds projecting into the lumen

21
Q

Where do the ejaculate contents originate from and in what proportions

A

Seminal vesicle: 70-80%
Prostate: 30%
Small amount from bulbourethral gland

22
Q

What are the zones/lobes of the prostate

What areas of anatomy are they related to

A

Base: neck of bladder
Apex: urethral sphincter & deep perineal muscles
Muscular anterior surface: urethra, sphincter
Posterior: ampulla of rectum
Inferior-lateral: levator ani

23
Q

What are the prostate secretions compressed of

A

Prostaglandins
Proteolytic enzymes
Citric acid

24
Q

Where are the bulbourethral glands located

What do they produce & what is its function

A

Within urogenital diaphragm
Produce clear, watery solution just prior to ejaculation
May lubricate the urethra

25
Q

What structural parts is the penis comprised of

A

Root
Body
Glans

26
Q

What is the internal structure of the penis comprised of

A

2 Corpoa cavernosa (dorsally)

Single Corpus spongiosum (ventrally)

27
Q

Describe the arterial supply to the penis

A

Branches of internal pudendal arteries

From anterior division of internal iliac

28
Q

Describe the venous supply to the penis

A

Blood from cavernosus spaces drains into venous plexus that joins deep dorsal vein of penis
Drains into prostatic venous plexus
Which drains into internal iliac

29
Q

Describe the 2 muscles of the male perineum & their function

A

Bulbospongiosus:
Helps expel last drops of urine
Helps maintain erection

Ischiocavernosus:
Compresses veins, helping to maintain erection

30
Q

Describe the 4 parts of the male urethra

A

Pre-prostatic
(very short, at neck of bladder)

Prostatic

Membranous
(thru perineum & pelvic floor, least distensible, greatest risk of trauma in catheterisation)

Spongy (penile)

31
Q 
Define the following:
Hydrocoele
Haematocoele
Variococoele
Spermatocoele
Epididymitis
A

Serous fluid in tunica vaginalis

Blood in tunica vaginalis

Varicosities of Pampiniform plexus

Retention cyst within epididymis (epididymal cyst)

Inflammation of epididymal cyst

32
Q

Distinguish between a direct & indirect inguinal hernia

A

Direct:
Hernia directly into inguinal area
Media, to inferior epigastric vessels

Indirect:
Hernia indirectly into inguinal area, via inguinal canal
Lateral to inferior epigastric vessels
Reopening of Processus vaginalis = potential continuity btw peritoneal cavity & tunica vaginalis (abdomen -> scrotum)

33
Q

Describe testicular torsion

A

Twisting of spermatic cord
risk necrosis of testis
Usually just above upper pole of testis

34
Q

Where does Benign prostatic hyperplasia usually occur in the prostate
What can be a consequence

A

Central zone, close to urethra

Dysuria, nocturia, urgency

35
Q

Where do prostate malignancies usually occur in the prostate
What is the usual presentation: how long until present
By what mechanisms can they metastasise

A

Peripheral zone
Present late: large before compress urethra & cause symptoms

Metastasise via:
Lymphatic route (internal iliac & sacral nodes)
Venous route (internal vertebral plexus to vertebrae & brain)
36
Q

What can be detected in the blood in prostatic disorders

A

Prostatic-Specific Antigen (PSA)

Produced by abnormal & normal prostatic epithelial cells
Often elevated in prostatic disorders

Is one of diagnostic tests to differentiate BPA, prostatitis, carcinoma

37
Q

What is the midline scrotal raphe

A

Remnant of Bilateral embryonic formation of scrotum

Continuous on ventral surface of penis with penile raphe

Repro (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions