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Repro > 5. Female Reproductive Tract > Flashcards

5. Female Reproductive Tract Flashcards

1
Q

What is the inferior pole of the ovary connected to

A

Labioscrotal folds via gubernaculum

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2
Q

What fuses to form the uterus

A 
Mesonephric ducts
(Stops ovary descent)
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3
Q

What are the ovaries suspended by

What is contained within

A

Short peritoneal fold / mesentery: mesovarium

Within mesovarium, short ovarian uterus tethers ovary to uterus

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4
Q

What is the ovarian ligament a remnant of

A

Superior part of ovarian gubernaculum

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5
Q

Uterus:
Arterial supply
Venous drainage
Lymphatic drainage

A 
Uterine artery (anterior division of internal iliac)
Ureter passes inferiorly, under uterine artery (water under the bridge)

Uterine venous plexus
Merges to form uterine veins
Tributaries of internal iliac

Fundus: aortic nodes
Body: external iliac nodes
Cervix: external & internal iliac nodes, sacral nodes

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6
Q

Describe the positioning of the uterus
In relation to vagina
In relation to cervix

A

Anteverted

Antiflexed

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7
Q

What are the 3 layers of the uterus

A

Endometrium:
Mucous membrane
Tubular glands extend from surface to CT (stroma)

Myometrium:
Mass of smooth muscle
Hyper trophy/hyperplasia in pregnancy

Peritoneum:
Serous membrane
Open via ostium of uterine tube

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8
Q

What are the 2 sub layers within the endometrium

A

stratum functionalis:
cyclical growth & shedding

stratus basalis:
regenerates upper endometrium)

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9
Q

What are the 2 main ligaments of the uterus

A

Broad ligament:
Double layer of peritoneum (mesentery)
From sides of uterus to lateral walls & floor of pelvis
Helps keep uterus in position

Round ligament:
Embryological remnant of gubernaculum
Attached to ovary & labium majus
Travels thru inguinal canal

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10
Q

What are the parts of the uterine tubes

A 
Abdominal ostium
Infundibulum
Fimbra (extensions of infundibulum)
Ampulla
Isthmus
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11
Q

What are the 2 regions of the cervix

Describe the epithelial coverings

A

Endocervix:
Columnar, mucus-secreting
Mucosa contains large glands, also lined wing mucus-secreting columnar epithelia

Exocervix:
Stratified squamous (as of vagina)

Abrupt transformation zone

Remainder of cervix comprised of circular smooth muscle in abundant CT

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12
Q

Describe the in innervation of:
Uterus & Vagina
Perineum

A

Inferior 1/5th vagina:
somatic innervation, pudendal nerve (S2-4)

Superior 4/5th vagina & uterus:
Uterovaginal plexus

Perineum:
Somatic innervation: pudendal & ilioinguinal nerves

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13
Q

Describe the different pain sensations in the uterus & vagina

A

Pain afferents depend on pelvic pain line:

Above line: refers back up
Below line: local pain

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14
Q

Describe the 3 layers of the vagina

A

Mucous membrane:
Stratified squamous epithelium
Lamina propria - dense CT & projections (papillae)

Muscular coat:
Smooth musc bundles arranged circularly & longitudinally

Adventitia:
Fibrous CT

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15
Q

Vagina:
Arterial supply
Venous drainage

A

Superior vagina: uterine arteries
Middle & Inferior vagina: vaginal & internal pudendal arteries (anterior division of internal iliac)

Vaginal veins from vaginal venous plexuses
Merge to form vaginal vein
Drains into uterine then internal iliac

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16
Q

What are the 2 ligaments that support the pelvic viscera

A

Transverse cervical ligament:
Thickening @ base of broad ligament
Lateral stability of cervix

Uterosacral ligament:
Opposes anterior pull of round ligament
Assists in maintaining anteversion

17
Q

Describe ovarian cysts & polycystic ovaries

A

Usually derived from follicles

PCO: usually >10 cysts & assoc with infertility

18
Q

What is the usual origin of tumours of the ovary

A

Epithelial components or germ cells

19
Q

What is salpingitis

A

Inflammation of uterine tube caused by microorganisms

Causes fusions / adhesions of mucosa

20
Q

What is endometriosis

A

Ectopic endometrial tissue dispersed to various sites along peritoneal cavity & beyond
Severe period pain &/or infertility

21
Q

Describe endometrial carcinoma

Major symptom
At risk group

A

Malignancy of endometrium; mostly @ transformation zone

Abnormal uterine bleeding

Postmenopausal women

22
Q

Describe 2 conditions of the Greater Vestibular / Bartholin Glands

A

Bartholinitis: infection/inflammation

Bartholin Gland Cyst: duct of gland blocked

23
Q

What is vaginitis

A

Inflammation of the vagina

24
Q

What is vaginismus

A

Condition making any penetration painful/impossible

A reflex of pubococcgeus muscle

25
Q

Describe the role of Lactobacillus

A

Normal vaginal flora
Maintains low pH
Use glycogen as substrate for lactic acid production

26
Q

Ovary:
Arterial supply
Venous drainage
Lymphatic drainage

A

Ovarian arteries (directly off abdominal aorta, below renal arteries)

Right ovarian vein -> IVC
Left ovarian vein -> L renal vein -> IVC

Para-aortic nodes

Repro (13 decks)

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