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Introduction to Networking > 6. IPv4 Addressing > Flashcards

6. IPv4 Addressing Flashcards

1
Q

What are the value range and the block size of IPv4?

A
  1. 0 - 255
  2. 4
  • 10.0.255.255
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2
Q

What portion does IPv4 made up of? ( 2 )

A
  1. Network Portion
  2. Host Portion
  • It is a 32 bit hierarchial address
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3
Q

How to determine the host portion and the network portion
192.168.10.23

A
  1. 192.168.10 is Network Portion
  2. .23 is Host Portions
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4
Q

What is used to determine the network and host portions?

A
  1. Subnet mask
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5
Q

What is the actuall process used to identify the network and host portions called?

A
  1. ANDing
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6
Q

What is a prefix length used for?

A
  1. It is a less cumbersome method used to identify a subnet mask
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7
Q

How to calculate the prefix length?

A
  1. Count the number of 1 in the subnet mask
  • 255.0.0.0 ( 11111111.00000000.00000000.00000000 ) which has a prefix of 8
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8
Q

How does the prefix length written in ?

A
  1. Slash Notation ( /8 )
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9
Q

List out 3 types of IP addresses within each network

A
  1. Network Address ( For whole LAN network )
  2. Host Address ( For end users )
  3. Broadcast Address
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10
Q

How many devices does Unicasts sends?

A
  1. A packet to one destination IP address
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11
Q

How many devices does Broadcast sends?

A
  1. A packet to all other destination IP address
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12
Q

How many devices does Multicast sends?

A
  1. A packet to a multicast address group ( Send to PC1 , PC3 and PC5 without sending to PC2 and PC4 )
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13
Q

List out 2 types of IPv4 address

A
  1. Private
  2. Public
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14
Q

What are the characteristics of Private IPv4?

A
  1. Private IPv4 addresses are not unique and can be used internally within any network
  2. Are not globally routable
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15
Q

What is Private IPv4 Addresses used?

A
  1. It is a common block of addresses used by most organizations to assign IPv4 addresses to internal hosts
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16
Q

What translates private IPv4 addresses to public IPv4 addresses?

A
  1. Network Address Translation ( NAT )
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17
Q

Where is NAT typically enabled?

A
  1. On the edge router connecting to the internet
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18
Q

List out 2 special use IPv4 addresses

A
  1. Loopback Addresses
  2. Link-Local Addresses
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19
Q

What is the range for Loopback addresses?

A
  1. 127.0.0.0/8 ( 127.0.0.1 to 127.255.255.254 )
  • Commonly identified as only 127.0.0.1
20
Q

What is the range for Link-Local addresses?

A
  1. 169.254.0.0 /16 (169.254.0.1 to 169.254.255.254)
21
Q

What is Loopback addresses used for?

A
  1. Used on a host to test if TCP/IP is operational
22
Q

What is Link-Local Addresses are commonly known as?

A
  1. Automatic Private IP Addressing ( APIPA ) addresses or self-assigned addresses
23
Q

What is Link-Local addresses used for?

A
  1. Used by Windows DHCP clients to self-configure when no DHCP servers are available
24
Q

List out 5 IPv4 addresses class by RFC 790 ( 1981 )

A
  1. Class A ( 0.0.0.0/8 to 127.0.0.0/8 )
  2. Class B ( 128.0.0.0 /16 – 191.255.0.0 /16 )
  3. Class C ( 192.0.0.0 /24 – 223.255.255.0 /24 )
  4. Class D ( 224.0.0.0 to 239.0.0.0 )
  5. Class E (240.0.0.0 – 255.0.0.0)
  • Classful addressing wasted many IPv4 addresses
25
Q

Who manages ( 1. ) and allocates blocks of IPv4 and IPv6 addresses to five what ( 2. ) ?

A
  1. Internet Assigned Numbers Authority ( IANA )
  2. 5 Regional Internet Registries ( RIRs )
26
Q

What is the responsibilty for RIRs ?

A
  1. Allocating IP addresses to ISPs who provide IPv4 address blocks to smaller ISPs and organizations
27
Q

List out all 5 RIRs

A
  1. North America - ARIN
  2. South America - LACNIC
  3. Africa - AfiNIC
  4. Eroupe - RIPENCC
  5. Asia - APNIC
28
Q

What mode does many protocols used? ( 2 )

A
  1. Broadcasts
  2. Multicasts
  • ARP use broadcasts to locate other devices, hosts send DHCP discover broadcasts to locate a DHCP server
29
Q

What device can stop broadcasts?

A
  1. Router
  • It do not propagate broadcasts
  • Each router interface connects to a broadcast domain and broadcasts are only propagated within that specific broadcast domain
30
Q

What is the problem with a large broadcast domain

A
  1. The hosts can generate excessive broadcasts and negatively affect the network
31
Q

What is the solution for the problem with large broadcast domain?

A
  1. Reduce the size of the network to create smaller broadcast domains in a process called subnetting
  • From one router top many switch to maybe one router 2 switches seprately
32
Q

List out the 3 reasons for segmenting networks

A
  1. Subnetting reduces overall network traffic and improves network performance
  2. It can be used to implement security policies between subnets
  3. Subnetting reduces the number of devices affedted by abnormal broadcast traffic
  • It was also used for a variety of reasons including by :
    1. Location
    2. Group of Function
    3. Device Types
33
Q

What is the most easily subnetted ( slash notation )

A
  1. /8 , /16 & /24
  • It is the most easily subnetted at the octet boundary
34
Q

What will happen when we are using longer prefix lengths?

A
  1. Decreases the number of hosts per subnet
35
Q

What does Enterprice networks will have? ( 2 )

A
  1. Intranet ( Private IPv4 Addresses )
  2. DMZ ( Public IPv4 Addresses )
36
Q

How many subnets does /25, /26 and /27 have if we are dividing the /24 network?

A
  1. /25 - 2 Subnets
  2. /26 - 4 Subnets
  3. /27 - 8 Subnets
37
Q

Which class of IP address can’t be used and it was reserved for loopback testing?

A
  1. Class A addresses ( 127.0.0.0 to 127.255.255.255 )
38
Q

What are the 2 considerations when planning subnets?

A
  1. The number of host addresses required for each network
  2. The number of individual subnets needed
39
Q

What must we always begin with when we are using VLSM for subnetting?

A
  1. Always begin by satisfying the host requirements of the largest subnet and continue subnetting until the host requirements of the smallest subnet are satisfied
40
Q

What is crucial to develop a scalable solution to an enterprise network?

A
  1. IP network planning
41
Q

What actions do we need to do after examinating an organization’s network usage and how the subnets will be structured?

A
  1. Perform a network requirement study by looking at the entire network to determining how each area will be segmented
  2. Determine how many subnets are needed and how many hosts per subnet
  3. Determine DHCP address pools and Layer 2 VLAN pools
42
Q

List out the 5 different types of devices that require addresses

A
  1. End User Clients
  2. Servers & Peripherals
  3. Servers that are Accessible from the Internet
  4. Intermediary Devices
  5. Gateway
  • It is generally recommended that we have a set pattern of how addresses are allocated to each type of device
43
Q

How does End User Clients assign addresses?

A
  1. Most use DHCP to reduce errors and burden on network support staff
  2. IPv6 clients can obtain address information using DHCPv6 or SLAAC
44
Q

How does Servers & Peripherals assign addresses?

A
  1. Should have a predictable static IP address
45
Q

How does Servers that are accessible from the internet assign addresses?

A
  1. It must have a public IPv4 address, most often accessed using NAT
46
Q

How does Intermediary Devices assign addresses?

A
  1. Devices are assigned addresses for network management, monitoring, and security
47
Q

How does Gateway assign addresses?

A
  1. Routers and firewall devices are gateway for the hosts in that network

Introduction to Networking (13 decks)

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