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PYB309 - Individual differences and assessment > 6. Interpersonal Relationships > Flashcards

6. Interpersonal Relationships Flashcards

1
Q

What was love and marriage regarded as according to Burgess & Wallin?

A

it was regarded as belonging to the field of romance, not of science

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2
Q

What was the predominant view of love according to Burgess & Wallin?

A

The predominant view was that in some mysterious, mystic and even providential way a person was attracted to his or predestinate

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3
Q

What was the general assumption of love according to Burgess & Wallin?

A

Was that young people fell in love, married and lived happily ever afterwards, as a result of mystic action

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4
Q

What are methods of data collection in the science of relationships?

A 
o	WEIRD
o	individuals
o	couples
o	self-report
o	observation
o	physiological measures
o	Experimental/non-experimental
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5
Q

What are statistical methods?

A
  • Descriptive statics
  • correlation models (e.g. regression)
  • SEM/path analysis/MLM
  • Longitudinal growth curve analyses
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6
Q

How did Fitness & Peterson examine the punishment and forgiveness in couples?

A 
o	64 Couples
o	Random allocation
o	Experimental = recall a betrayal
o	Control = think about yesterday
o	participate in ‘taste experiment’ and administer hot sauce to partner
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7
Q

What are people attracted to in the theory of relationship initiation?

A

Proximity, Physical attractiveness, reciprocity, similarity

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8
Q

What is proximity?

A

liking those near us

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9
Q

Why are people attracted to people in proximity to them?

A

o convenient
o familiar
o but constant exposure not always good

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10
Q

What is physical attractiveness?

A

liking those who are lovely

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11
Q

Why are people attracted to people in physically attractive?

A

o Bias for beauty

o What is pretty?

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12
Q

What is reciprocity?

A

liking those who like us

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13
Q

What is similarity?

A

liking those who are like us. Opposites dont really attract

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14
Q

How did the ancient greeks explain love?

A

passionate versus platonic

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15
Q

What does definition of love depend on?

A

it depends on the theory

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16
Q

In STERNBERG’S TRIANGULAR THEORY OF LOVE what is liking?

A

intimacy alone

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17
Q

In STERNBERG’S TRIANGULAR THEORY OF LOVE what is compassionate love?

A

Intimacy + commitment

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18
Q

In STERNBERG’S TRIANGULAR THEORY OF LOVE what is empty love?

A

Commitment alone

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19
Q

In STERNBERG’S TRIANGULAR THEORY OF LOVE what is fatuous love?

A

Passion + Commitment

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20
Q

In STERNBERG’S TRIANGULAR THEORY OF LOVE what is infatuation?

A

passion alone

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21
Q

In STERNBERG’S TRIANGULAR THEORY OF LOVE what is romantic love?

A

Intimacy + Passion

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22
Q

In STERNBERG’S TRIANGULAR THEORY OF LOVE what is consummate love?

A

Intimacy + passion + commitment

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23
Q

In STERNBERG’S TYPES OF RELATIONSHIPS what does nonlove involve?

A

low intimacy, low passion, low commitment

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24
Q

In STERNBERG’S TYPES OF RELATIONSHIPS what does liking involve?

A

High intimacy, low passion low commitment

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25
Q

In STERNBERG’S TYPES OF RELATIONSHIPS what does infatuation involve?

A

low intimacy, high passion, low commitment

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26
Q

In STERNBERG’S TYPES OF RELATIONSHIPS what does empty love involve?

A

low intimacy, low passion, high commitment

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27
Q

In STERNBERG’S TYPES OF RELATIONSHIPS what does romantic love involve?

A

high intimacy, high passion, low commitment

28
Q

In STERNBERG’S TYPES OF RELATIONSHIPS what does companionate love involve?

A

high intimacy, low passion, high commitment

29
Q

In STERNBERG’S TYPES OF RELATIONSHIPS what does fatuous love involve?

A

low intimacy, high passion, high commitment

30
Q

In STERNBERG’S TYPES OF RELATIONSHIPS what does consumate love involve?

A

high intimacy, high passion, high commitment

31
Q

What approach does LEE’S (1976) COLOURS OF LOVE TAXONOMY take?

A

a psychometric approach

32
Q

What are the primary colours of love in LEE’S (1976) COLOURS OF LOVE TAXONOMY?

A

Eros, Storge, Ludus

33
Q

What are the secondary colours of love in LEE’S (1976) COLOURS OF LOVE TAXONOMY?

A

pragma, mania, agape

34
Q

How did Sternberg (1988) assess love?

A

o 45 item Triangular Love Scale, 15 items for each element
o Intimacy subscale designed to reflect feelings of warmth, support, self-disclosure, trust and other aspects of intimate connection
o Passion subscale designed to capture the more intense, physical and exciting elements of romantic relationships
o Commitment subscale assesses feelings of stability, commitment, and permanence

35
Q

What has LEE’S (1976) COLOURS OF LOVE TAXONOMY inspires?

A

It has inspired the development of many measures

36
Q

What is the most well-known love scale?

A

The Love Attitude Scale

37
Q

What does the Love Attitude scale involve?

A

o 42 items
o Reliability measures the 6 love styles
o Each item refers to a specific love relationship as opposed to more general attitudes about love

38
Q

How is love experienced?

A

Love experiences vary as a function of individual difference and group variables

39
Q

What do some women score higher on than men in LEE’S (1976) COLOURS OF LOVE TAXONOMY

A

Some women score higher on storage and pragma than do men

40
Q

What do men tend to score higher on than women in LEE’S (1976) COLOURS OF LOVE TAXONOMY

A

Ludus

41
Q

What do Asian American adults score lower and higher on than caucasians, Latino and African American adults in LEE’S (1976) COLOURS OF LOVE TAXONOMY?

A

lower on eros and higher on pragma and storage

42
Q

What do Latinos often score higher on than caucasions in LEE’S (1976) COLOURS OF LOVE TAXONOMY?

A

ludus

43
Q

what do Americans tend to endorse most of than french in LEE’S (1976) COLOURS OF LOVE TAXONOMY?

A

Americans tend to be endorse a more storgic and manic approach to love than do the French, who in turn tend to demonstrate higher levels of agape (e.g. Murstein, Merighi & Vyse, 1991)

44
Q

How are relationships strengthened according to Chapman’s Love languages theory?

A

When partners speak the same language about love?

45
Q

What is involved in the language of love?

A 
o	Acts of service
o	Physical touch
o	words of affirmation
o	Quality time
o	Gift giving
46
Q

What is the problem with Chapman’s love languages theory?

A

hasn’t been tested empirically – based on Chapman’s clinical observations

47
Q

What did Burnt and Hazelwood observe?

A

o No evidence to support the love language alignment contributing to relationship satisfaction nor knowing about a partner’s love language contributing to satisfaction (but individual love languages do predict satisfaction, supporting at least part of the model)
o But government initiatives have been tied to this program!

48
Q

What are the dimensions of attachment?

A

Anxiously attached, avoidantly attached, securely attached

49
Q

What are the sub dimensions of avoidant attachment?

A

Dismissing and fearful

50
Q

What are the characteristics of an anxiously attached person?

A

o High anxiety, low avoidance

o Positive view of other, negative view of self

51
Q

What are the characteristics of a dismissingly attached person?

A
  • High advoidance, low anxiety

* Positive view of self, negative view of other

52
Q

What are the characteristics of a fearfully attached person?

A
  • High avoidance, high anxiety

* negative view of self, negative view of other

53
Q

What does a positive model of other and a positive model of self show?

A

secure attachment

54
Q

What does a negative model of other and positive model of self show?

A

dismissing attachment

55
Q

What does a positive model of other and negative model of self show?

A

preoccupied attachment

56
Q

what dies a negative model of self and a negative model of other show?

A

Fearful attachment

57
Q

What are some assessments of attachment?

A
  • Adult Attachment Questionairre (AAQ; Simpson & Rholes, 1996)
  • Attachment Style Questionnaire (ASQ; Feeney, Noller, & Hanrahan, 1994)
  • Relationship Styles Questionnaire (RSQ; Griffin & Bartholomew, 1994)
  • Experiences in Close Relationships (ECR; Brennan, Clark & Shaver, 1998) and revised version (ECR‐R, Fraley, Waller, & Brennan, 2000)
  • Adult Attachment Interview and other related interviews
58
Q

What is Eros?

A

Eros was the son of Aphrodite, the goddess of love. Eros is passion, erotic and sexual and is also linked to the modern ‘romantic love‘.

The level of intensity with this type of love is high, it is based on chemistry, pheromones and instinct.

Falling in love, having the urge to share with our partner, to strengthen the bond and the amount of intimacy we have. This is being reinforced by the feelings of lust and love.

59
Q

What is storge?

A

Storge is the Greek word for natural affection, family love or the love between friends. This type of love is highly affectionate. The bond between parent and child. There is strong necessities for loyalty, ‘Blood is thicker than water’.

Within Storge there are many responsibilities, duties and entitlements. Giving the feeling of security in time of need. Within relationships, Eros can be transformed into Storge. This change we see when a relationship tends to be a long lasting one and the lover also truly become friends.

60
Q

What is ludus?

A

Also called childish or playful love, Ludus comes from the Greek word game. It is seeing and interpreting love as a game. Imagine a night out at a bar when you find someone who you can fool around.

With Ludus comes flirtatious behavior. Sex is seen as a sport, a way to be kept entertained. Most definitely not looking for commitment, having fun is the main motivator. As long as there are no strings attached and the relationship is uncomplicated, it is fine. Yet, it can be often chased away if the partner wants to get too intimate.

61
Q

Eros + Storge=

A

Agape

62
Q

Eros + Ludus =

A

Mania

63
Q

Ludus + Storge

A

Pragma

64
Q

What is pragma?

A

Pragma is the practical and compatible love, convenience over romance. Passion and emotion take a step back and logic takes over. Important needs and desires get the priority.

To accomplish this, Pramga lovers look at the background of their potential partners. Education, financial capabilities, religious believes and social status all play a role.

65
Q

What is agape?

A

Selfless, universal and unconditional love. When Agape love arises within a relationship, the couple is ready to face the most difficult obstacles. The relationship is based on an unbreakable commitment and the love is unconditional. Agape lovers see their partners as a blessing and will be willing to go to far lengths for their partners.

Agape love can also arise when you are passionate about something. For instance, charity work and helping strangers, love for nature and the love for religion or spirituality are this type of love.

66
Q

What is mania?

A

Mania is characterized by extreme high and lows. A relationship you can compare to a roller coaster. In many ways it can be stated to the opposite of Agape. Wanting to love in extremes and continuously looking for reassurance from their partners. They have the feeling of ‘needing’ their partner. Mania lovers can become obsessive, jealous and possessive or the complete opposite, extremely distant and reluctant.

PYB309 - Individual differences and assessment (12 decks)

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