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Perio Lecture Series > 6 - Immunopathogenesis 2 > Flashcards

6 - Immunopathogenesis 2 Flashcards

1
Q

B1 lymphocytes express _____ used for _____

A

CD5

Adhesion and signaling

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2
Q

B2 lymphocytes express ____ and ____

A

IgM and IgD

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3
Q

B2 BC activated by ____

A

Th2 lymphocyte

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4
Q

____ BC is chief population

A

B2

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5
Q

B2 BC undergoes isotype switching in the ______ to what Ig’s?

A

Lymph node

IgG, IgA, IgE

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6
Q

B memory cells form in response to ______

A

T-dependent antigens

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7
Q

Antibody class is based on the type of _____

A

Heavy chain

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8
Q

Antibody domain structure consists of what?

A

2 identical light and 2 identical heavy chains

Chains have a constant and a variable region

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9
Q

Isotype definition

A

Present in all normal individuals - classes, subclasses

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10
Q

Allotype definition

A

Constant region may show genetic variability between individuals

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11
Q

Idiotype definition

A

Hypervariable piece in the variable region which is specific for each Ig

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12
Q

Light chain pieces

How many variable and constant domains?

A

λ, κ

1 and 1

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13
Q

ABs with 3 heavy chain domains

ABs with 4 heavy chain domains

A

IgG, IgA, IgD

IgM, IgE

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14
Q

2 regions of AB and description

A

Fab: Antigen binding section

Fc: Constant, held together by disulfide bonds. Different receptors located here

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15
Q

3 most abundant ABs in order

A

IgG > IgA > IgM

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16
Q

_____ prevents degradation of IgA as it is transported through cell

A

IgA secretory piece

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17
Q

Heavy chain, 3 different types of genes

A

Variable
Diversity
Joining

(VDJ)

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18
Q

Light chain, 2 different types of genes

A

Variable
Joining

(VJ)

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19
Q

Defining feature of the adaptive immune system is _____ of _____

A

Recombination

VDJ or VJ genes

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20
Q

Isotype switching requires activation of BC by ____

A

TH2 cell

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21
Q

IL-2 stimulates ____

A

J chain

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22
Q

IFNy stimulates ____

A

IgG2

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23
Q

IL-4 stimulates switch to ___ or _____

A

IgE

IgG1

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24
Q

IL-5 stimulates switch to ____

A

IgA

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25
Q

Il-6 promotes _____

A

AB secretion

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26
Q

Heaviest AB

A

IgM

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27
Q

Best AB for complement fixation

A

IgG

IgM

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28
Q

AB that crosses placenta

A

IgG

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29
Q

AB that fixes to MC and basophils

A

IgE

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30
Q

AB that binds to MC and PMNs

A

IgG

Little IgA, IgE

31
Q

Affinity definition

A

Strength of the bond

32
Q

Avidity definition

A

Functional affinity, increasing valency

33
Q

How do phagocytes bind AB?

A

Fc receptors

34
Q

3 complement cascades

Most prevalent?

A

Classical
Alternate (Most prevalent)
Mannose-Lectin

35
Q

___ is most abundant complement protein

____% of all globulins

A

C3

15%

36
Q

Description of complement function: Opsonin

A

IgM and IgG bind complement at Fc portion. Complement is bound to organism

37
Q

C3b function

A

C3b bound to microbe, C3b receptor on phagocytes

38
Q

C3a, C5a function

A

Anaphylactoxins that mediate inflammation via mass cell degranulation

39
Q

What forms membrane attack complex

A 
C5b
C6
C7
C8
c9
40
Q

____ is a chemotactic

A

C5a

41
Q

What inhibits complement activation

A

Factor H and I in plasma inhibit production of C3B

42
Q

What does C-reactive protein interact with

A

C polysaccharide of S. pneumoniae

43
Q

Where is CRP made

When is it secreted

A

Liver

Secreted in response to IL-6 secretion by MP/TC

44
Q

What does CRP do

A

Enhances opsonization

Activates complement cascade

45
Q

IL-1 functions

A

Upregulate complement and Fc receptors on NP/MP
Upregulates adhesion molecules on fibroblasts/leukocytes
Induces osteoclast formation and bone resorption (RANKL)
Stimulates MMP production
Upregulates MHC expression by TC/BC

46
Q

IL-2 produced by what

A

TC

APC

47
Q

IL-2 functions

A

Induces expression of specific TC

Stimulates differentiation of BC

48
Q

IL-6 produced by what

A

MP
Fibroblasts
Lymphocytes
Endothelial cells

49
Q

What induces IL-6 production

A

IL-1 and LPS

50
Q

IL-6 function

A

Induces monocytes to form multinuclear osteoclastic cells to resorb bone

51
Q

1L-8 produced by what

A

MP activated by LPS

Endothelial and JE cells

52
Q

Il-8 functions

A

Chemoattractant for PMNs

53
Q

IL-17 produced by what

A

TH17 TC

54
Q

IL-17 functions

A

Targets pathogens not associated w/ TH1 or TH2

55
Q

IL-18 functions

A

Similar to IL-1

56
Q

TGF-B produced by what

A

Activated TC

57
Q

TGF-B functions

A

Induced production of IgA and IgG2b

58
Q

TGF-a produced by what

A

MPs

59
Q

TGF-a functions

A

Mitogenic for fibroblasts, epithelial and endothelial cells

60
Q

TNF-a functions

A

Similar to IL-1

61
Q

Interferon gamma produced by what

A

CD8 TC

62
Q

Interferon gamma functions

A

Recruits and activates MP

Upregulates MHC on virally infected cells for killing

63
Q

Prostaglandins major source

A

Macrophage

64
Q

When is COX-1 produced

A

Normally produced, constitutive

65
Q

When is COX-2 produced

COX-2 increases w/ _____

A

Induced by IL-1, TNFa, and LPS

Severe periodontitis

66
Q

MMP need what to function

MMP function

A

Zn2+

Digest ECM

67
Q

What MMPs are collagenases

Produced by what?

A

MMP 1, 8, 13

Fibroblasts, PMNs

68
Q

Where is LPS found

What are the components

A

Gram - cell wall

O-antigen + core + lipid A

O-antigen most prevalent

69
Q

Where is peptidoglycan found

A

Gram + cell wall mainly

Some gram -

70
Q

Where are lipoteichoic acids found

A

Gram + cell wall

71
Q

of TLRs in humans

Part of ____ immune system

A

11

Innate

72
Q

TLRs bind ____

A

PAMPs

73
Q

TLR4 binds ___

TLR2 binds _____

A

LPS

PG, Lipoteichoic acids

74
Q

Costimulators for TLRs

A

MD2

CD14

Perio Lecture Series (7 decks)

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