6. ICT applications Flashcards
1
Q
Paper based communications
A
Hard copy output - (e.g.newspapers, leaflets, posters, business cards, etc.)
2
Q
Digital communications
A
Screen based (e.g. websites, forums, slideshows, multimedia presentations, sound, etc.)
3
Q
Newsletter
A
Paper based
Simple
Cheap
Easy to acquire
Available daily
4
Q
Website
A
Digital-based
Can be easily access as long as there’s Internet connection
5
Q
Multimedia presentations
A
Presentations using animation, video, sound + music
6
Q
Cartoons
A
Digital-based
Eye catching
7
Q
Flyers and posters
A
Paper-based
Often A4 size (smaller if flyer) or bigger
8
Q
What is data handling?
A
where data is input and stored on a computer.
9
Q
where data is input and stored on a computer.
A
data input into the computer -> computer proceses the data and turns it into useful info -> useful information is output
10
Q
Survey results
an investigation of the opinions of a group
A
Often paper-based
Computer handles data survey
11
Q
Address lists
list of contacts
A
Stored electronically
Often contains (names, addresses, tel number, etc. )
12
Q
School reports
details performance levels
A
Stored in a database
Printed
13
Q
Clubs and society records (records that store info)
A
Using databases
14
Q
School libraries
A
Using databases
15
Q
What are sensors?
A
detect changes in the environment to gather measurable data
16
Q
Examples of measurement application
A
Scientific experiments — Data logging can be setup to automatically monitor and record data generated by scientific experiments e.g. human genome experiment
Environmental measuring — where data is collected to be used for purposes such as weather forecasting, water quality in rivers and streams, levels of air pollution
Weather stations contain lots of sensors (e.g. thermometer, humidity sensor), that feed data into computer and then analysed
Electronic timings — Computerised data logging can be used to accurately measure time)
17
Q
Describe the process of sensors logging data
A
Sensors automatically detect + measure physical quantities (e.g. rainfall)
Data logging is measuring the physical item at predefined times
Sensors are connected computer
Sensor data must be converted to digital
18
Q
Advantages + disadvantages of sensors
A
ads:
Work longer - Can log data 24/7
Reliable - will not make mistakes
Frequency of readings - Read data frequently, hundreds of times per second
Safer - Can operate in hostile to human environments
Automatic readings - no need for humans
Accuracy - Can analyze data and output
disads:
Might be expensive
19
Q
What are the two types of data?
A
Analogue
Digital
20
Q
Analogue data
A
data that use values which change very smoothly
21
Q
Digital data
A
data that jumps from one value to the next in a step by step sequence
22
Q
What are the two types of converters?
A
- Analogue to Digital Converter (ADC)
- Digital to Analogue Converter (DAC)
23
Q
What is a ‘microprocessor’?
A
A silicon chip that contains a CPU (To be found in most electronic devices today)
24
Q
Smart appliances
A
Keeps track of food and expiry date by either RFID, barcodes or manual data entry
Sends alert to computer or displays on door (fridge)
Reads the barcode and sets temperature and time according to encoded barcode (oven)
25
Heating / aircon systems
* Has preset range of temperatures and adjusts according to the temperature being input via sensors
26
Burglary systems
* Has vibration sensors, pressure sensor, motion detectors - send signal to control panel => Alarm activated
27
Glasshouse
Use of sensors (light, heat, humidity)
Input to control
Control adjusts actuator
Switches bulb/fan/window on or off
28
Washing machines
* Control water temperature, valves to let water in, valves to let water out
29
What are turtle graphics (LOGO)?
system designed to teach students the basics of computer programming and control
30
What are modelling applications?
computer programs that attempt to “stimulate” activities that happen physically (designed to behave like real life system)
31
The features of a spreadsheet-based model
allow a range of input variables to be set
use formulae to define rules for model
produce output based on input variables + rules
32
Characteristics of robots in controlled applications
Robotic arms
Strong
Joints powered by motors
Various tool attachments at the end of the arm
Controlled by microprocessors (which give instructions)
33
What can robots do?
Perform repetitive tasks
Perform dangerous tasks (which physically harm humans)
Work 24/7
Perform delicate tasks (humans make mistakes)
Wielding cars in factories
Pain spray cars
Lift heavy items
Make microchips
34
Advantages of robots
Work non-stop
Handle repetitive tasks
Work in dangerous environments
Work faster than humans
Do not have to be paid wages
35
Disadvantages of robots
Initial cost is expensive
Replace humans in jobs (unemployment)
Cannot make decisions
Can break down
36
What are school management systems?
a system that manages all of a school’s data in a single, integrated application (like SIMS)
37
What do school management systems record?
Pupil information
Staff information
Timetable
Pupil behaviour
Administration data
Financial records
Exam entries
38
How do school management systems register students?
Electronic registration
MIS software is on teachers computer (SIMS)
Teacher inputs attendance (data)
Administration run report - absence names
39
How do school management systems record learner performance?
Spreadsheets
Using specialist software
40
What are the uses of booking systems?
Air travel
Holiday accommodation
Theatre
Cinema
Real time processing
41
What is a real-time system?
where every input is processed immediately => the resulting output is ready before the next input is processed. (Double booking is avoided)
42
Describe the process of booking airline ticket
Choice of available flights/tickets presented on screen (Time, Date, Destination)
Choose seat
Secure payment page
Receive Reservation Number (Print ticket, QR code to mobile, Email confirmation)
43
Advantages of booking systems
No double booking
Immediate feedback on availability
24/7 system
Immediate confirmation
Tied into other online apps
44
Disadvantages of booking systems
Expensive to create
Training for staff if over phone
Breakdown issues
Website needs to be well designed
45
What does ATM stand for?
Automatic Teller Machine
46
What are ATMs used for?
withdrawing cash
depositing money
checking the balance of accounts
transferring money between accounts
paying bills
47
Describe the process of withdrawing cash from an ATM
The card is inserted into the ATM where it is read by a magnetic strip reader or a smart card reader
Insert card
Type PIN (Personal Identification Number)
Choose transaction
Follow instructions
Take cash/Take statement/ Deposit cash
Take card
48
Describe the process of cheques clearing
Each cheque is passed through an MICR Reader that can read special numbers
Ink numbers are read
Handwritten part (payee + value of payment) read by OCR or input manually
(Magnetic Ink Character Recognition)
49
Describe card processing
Card is read by card reader
Enter PIN number
Request for authorisation to pay sent to bank
Bank sends back yes or no
If yes - amount is debited (deducted) from your bank account and put into shops/sellers bank account
50
Describe the process of phone banking
Enter account number
Type PIN
Hear various options
Choose options
- to hear balance
- to pay bill
- to transfer money
51
Describe the process of Internet banking
Logon to secure website
Type username and PIN
All standard services
Apply for loans
52
Advantages of Internet banking
More convenient (24/7)
No travel required
Can download data
53
Disadvantages of Internet banking
Need computer and connection
More vulnerable to hacking
Some people prefer to speak in person
54
What is ‘EFT’?
System that allows money to be transferred digitally from one bank account to another bank account (e.g. when businesses pay their employees salary)
55
What is ‘EFTPOS’?
Electronic Fund Transfer at Point-of-sale (when customers pay for goods electronically)
56
What do patient records include?
central databases (share data between hospitals/doctors/pharmacies)
instantly updated with latest information
order drugs from pharmacy
retrieve patient records — which contain:
patient ID
personal details
allergies
medical history
current treatment/ medication/ diagnosis
can use tablets/ monitors in patient
57
Patient monitoring
computerized monitoring - 27/4
sensor — attached to body
- pulse rate
- temperature
- breathing rate
- blood pressure
data fed to computer which processes
all data logged for later analysis
inputs compared against pre-set ranges (outside range alarms switched on)
data can be seen on central monitor
58
Diagnosis - expert systems
computer is “expert”
nurse/doctor inputs symptoms
output is possible diagnoses and treatments
59
How can 3D printers be used in producing medical aids through?
– surgical and diagnostic aids
– prosthetics and medical products
– tissue engineering
– artificial blood vessels
– designs of medical tools and equipment
60
Why are computers used in libraries?
-> to keep records of books and borrowers.
Every published book has an ISBN (International Standard Book Number)
Libraries usually use direct data entry methods (faster, easier) e.g. barcode reader
61
What are the three types of database in a library?
1. Book database
Book database may contain:
- Book ID
- Book details
- ISBN
2. Borrower database
Borrowers usually given library cards (most have barcode for ease + speed)
A borrower database might contain:
- Borrower ID
- Personal details
- Contact details
3. Loans database
has records added to it when book borrowed
links records from books database and borrower database
Loans database would contain
- Book ID
- Borrower ID
- Date of loan
- Due Date
Loans database regularly checked for loans that are late
When late record found, Borrower ID used to link to borrower's record
Borrower is sent automatic reminder
62
What are ‘expert systems’?
special databases which are designed to mimic the knowledge of a human expert
63
Where are the components of expert systems?
Knowledge base: set of rules and facts
- provided by human experts
User interface
- simple to use for non expert
- able to ask questions and get advice
Inference Engine
- searches knowledge base for answers to questions
64
Where are expert systems used?
Medical Diagnosis
Geologists
> discovering oil, water, minerals
car mechanical faults
strategy games
> chess
financial advice
biological identification
> e.g. what leaf is this
65
Describe the process of expert systems
User interface presents user w/ set of questions relating to problems
User answers questions
Inference data uses rules base to match user’s answers to knowledge base
System diagnoses + treatments
66
Advantages + disadvantages of expert systems
ads:
Fewer mistakes
More knowledge (combines knowledge of many)
Cheaper
More consistent answer
disads:
Cannot make judgments
Errors in the rule base can lead to incorrect decisions
Require lots of training
67
What is the use of credit or debit cards to complete transactions?
Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT)
68
Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT)
At an Electronic Funds Transfer Point of Sale (EFTPOS) terminal
69
Explain the process of Electronic Funds Transfer.
Barcode scanner, searched, updated, processes, uses, printed
A barcode scanner reads the barcode on the product
The stock database is searched and the matching price is returned
The stock database is updated
The computer processes the bill
The customer uses their card at the EFTPOS terminal to make the purchase (see chip and PIN process)
The receipt is printed
70
What are the outputs of the EFT process?
Printing of the receipt and beeping of the speakers when the barcode is scanned
71
List three advantages of EFT to the customer.
No need to carry cash
Easy transferral of funds
No chance of being overcharged
72
List three advantages of EFT to the vendor.
Reduces paper work
Money is transferred immediately
No risk of cash theft
73
List two disadvantages of EFT to the customer.
1. Some people do not have bank accounts
2. Risk of card fraud
74
List three disadvantages of EFT to the vendor.
Charged a fee by card companies
High cost of initial setup
System failures cause major issues
75
What two technologies does EFTPOS use?
Chip and PIN technology and barcode technology
76
Chip and PIN:
The credit or debit card is placed into the chip and PIN terminal, which accesses the ….. and this prompts the user to enter their …..
If the PIN is verified, the transaction is completed.
contents of the chip, four digit PIN
77
List three details that a barcode contains about a product.
Country of origin
Product code
Manufacturer code
78
Barcodes have a …. to ensure their authenticity.
check digit
79
What does ATM stand for?
Automatic Teller Machine
80
List three facilities that an ATM offers.
Withdrawing of cash
Printing of receipts
Lodging of bank cheques
81
ATMs can be accessed…
24/7
82
What technology do ATM machines use?
Chip and PIN technology
83
Where can ATMs be found?
At bank branches and in shopping centres
84
Name examples of an Expert system
Diagnosing a person’s illness
Car fault diagnostics
Prospecting for oil and minerals
Chess games
85
What are the five items need to be filled in to make a payment?
Date
Name of person
Amount in Words
Amount in figures
A Signature
86
What does MICR stand for?
Magnetic Ink Character Recognition
87
What is MICR?
Is the process which reads particular data from cheques and inputs it to a computer
88
Three things that are encoded on a cheque
Cheque Number
Customer’s account number
Branch sort code
89
What are the advantages of cheques?
A large number of cheques can be read very quickly
- The characters are difficult to forge
90
What are the disadvantages of cheques?
The equipment is expensive
- Only a very limited number of characters can be used
91
What does ATM stand for?
Automatic Teller Machine
92
What do ATM do?
Withdraw cash from account
Print a balance
Order a new cheque book
Change their Personal Identity Number (PIN)
93
What is home banking?
People manage their financial affairs from home using a website.
94
Home banking allow you to…
View a statement
Set up standing orders
Pay bills
Apply for loans
95
Banks need dependable security measures ad some of these measures include…
Encrypting Data
Computer programmes monitoring customers spending habits
Not accepting direct emails form customers
96
What is E-commerce?
Buying and selling using the internet
97
What are the advantages of E-commerce?
The range of goods are very large
No need to travel home will large or heavy goods
Businesses can easily expand their markets
98
What are the disadvantages of E-commerce?
There can be a long wait before an item arrives
- You cannot touch or smell the goods you are buying
99
What is Payroll?
The wages paid to the employees is known as the payroll
100
What are the Input to Payroll?
Database of employees
The number of hours an employee works
Any overtime or time off
101
What are the Output to Payroll?
Printes Payslips
- Reports
102
A payroll system is an example of…
a batch processing system
103
What are the advantages of Process Control?
Little human interaction is needed
The process can continue 24 hrs a day, every day
Safety for workers is improved
104
What are the Disadvantages of Process Control?
Expensive equipment and computer hardware needed
- It has created some unemployment
105
What is a robot?
Is a machine that can be programmed to perform a sequence of actions.
106
What are bionics?
Attempt to link machines to living things, such as giving a person an artificial limb
107
The inputs, which are in hospitals, are from sensors that measure…
Pulse Rate
Temperature
Blood Pressure
Blood Gases
Breathing Rate
108
What are the outputs at a hospital?
Alarms
Displays
Printers
109
What are the advantages of computer control in hospitals?
Automatic Alarm Systems
Reduce chances of Human Error
Frees nursing staff to perform other duties
110
What are the Disadvantages of computer control in hospitals?
The initial cost of buying the system
111
What does AI stand for?
Artificial Intelligence
112
Give examples of AI Systems
Chess Playing Machine
Can read handwriting
Recognise object
113
What is an expert system?
That takes the place of a human expert.
114
What are the advantages of expert systems?
An expert system should never get facts wrong
- The knowledge in the database can be far more than a human is capable
115
What are the disadvantages of expert systems?
Some people may prefer the personal touch rather than dealing with machines
Are expensive
116
Industrial robots carry out…
Repetitive, Boring jobs
Dangerous Jobs
Heavy Jobs
High Precision Jobs
117
What is e-Commerce?
The buying and selling of goods on the World Wide Web.
118
In e-Commerce, money is transferred via what process?
Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT)
119
In e-Commerce, customers must input what when purchasing an item?
A Card Verification Code (CVC)
120
e-Commerce provides an immediate transfer of what?
Funds
121
List three advantages of e-Commerce to the customer.
Stores are available 24/7
Greater variety of stores with more items available
Elderly and disabled people can have heavy items delivered
122
List two advantages of e-Commerce to the vendor.
1. Their sales can occur 24/7
2. Checkout operators are not required
123
What is meant by online banking?
A service where customers can access their bank account through the bank’s secure website.
124
How do customers log in to online banking?
With a username, password and bank verification code.
125
List three things that customers can do using online banking.
Customers can:
View recent transactions
Pay bills online
Transfer money
126
List three advantages of online banking to the customer.
Available 24/7
Transactions can be completed at home
Faster than face to face
127
List three advantages of online banking to the bank.
Fewer branches and staff are required
Electronic statements are used which reduce paper and needs for postage
The bank reaches a larger customer base
