1. Types and components of computer systems Flashcards

Question

PDA (personal digital assistant)

Answer 1

- Handheld computers with facilities like: Personal organiser Internet browsing Tel. calls Multimedia

Answer 2

ads: Small and light, can fit in your pocket Easy to use anywhere. Can be used like a mobile phone to make calls. disads: Very small keyboards. Some use stylus pen instead of a keyboard. Small screen Easily get stolen or mistaken because they’re small. Limited power.

Answer 3

Are very similar in computing power to PDAs Designed to sit in the palm of your hand, comes with small keyboard. Used for basic functions like: Calendars Phone number and address book lists Internet access Email

Answer 4

ads: Small and light Easy to use anywhere Built in cameras and microphones disads: Very small keyboards Less memory Small screen Very small size makes them easy to misplace or get stolen. Limited power

Answer 5

Storing documents, programs and data on the Internet rather than on their own computers. With Internet connection, they can create, edit and share ICT files from almost any location. Users can save space on their computer’s storage drives.

Answer 6

Streaming music, Googles Docs

Answer 7

Ads: Lower costs Increased accessibility Time saving Increased storage space Backups Sharing of data

Answer 8

Security risks - vulnerable to hackers and viruses Can’t access to your documents without Internet access Quality of software Potential increased costs

Answer 9

Ads: Storage benefits Paperless Instant access to your book or newspaper Cheaper to buy

Answer 10

Disads: Health and safety Piracy Usability High initial costs

Answer 11

Tangible physical components of a computer system. You can feel it or touch it.

Answer 12

Monitor, printer, mouse, keyboard, CPU

Answer 13

Programs that control computer systems. Set of instructions that make the computer system do something. You cannot physically touch software. Relates to ideas and instructions for using physical objects.

Answer 14

Two main types: Systems Software Programs that allow the hardware to run properly. Control computer’s hardware and application program. Communicate with user. E.g. Operating system. Application Software: Programs that allow the user to do a specific task. Can be general purpose software or custom made software (specialist software). E.g. Spread sheets, databases, word processing.

Answer 15

Input | Process ----- Storage | Output

Answer 16

Three main components: Control unit - coordinates input and output devices and carries out program instructions. Arithmetic and Logical Unit (ALU) - performs calculations and logical comparison: A < B?. Immediate access store (IAS) - holds data and program instruction in current use.

Answer 17

Random access memory (RAM) is an internal chip where data is stored temporarily. Memory can be written to and read from RAM stores program instructions and data that are needed when a program is running. Contents are lost when computer is turned off. Referred to as volatile memory.

Answer 18

Read only memory (ROM) is memory used to store permanent information. Used to contain configuration data for a computer etc. Chips cannot be altered, only read from. Data not lost when computer is turned off. Referred to as non-volatile memory.

Answer 19

Enables users to communicate with computer systems. Controls operation of input, output and backing storage device. Supervises loading, running and storage of application program. Maintains security of whole computer system. Main types of user interfaces: Command Line Interfaces (CLI) and Graphical User Interface (GUI).

Answer 20

Easy to use. Easy to explore and find your way around the system. Do not have to learn complicated commands. Good help facilities provided with GUIs.

Answer 21

Larger amount of hard disk space than other interfaces. Significantly more memory (RAM) to run than other interface type. GUI use more processing power than other types of interfaces. GUI can be slow for experienced programmers to use.

Answer 22

Uses much less memory (RAM) than any other interface type. Low resolution, cheap monitors can be used. CLI does not require Windows to run. Faster for expert users.

Answer 23

Can be confusing. Commands have to be typed precisely, if there is a spelling error the command will fail. Large number of commands need to be learned.

Answer 24

PC/Desktop Computers Laptop (Notebook) Netbooks Personal Digital Assistants (PDA) Tablets Main frame computers

Answer 25

Ads: Portable No wires Low power consumption Disads: Easy to steal Limited battery; need to carry charger Keyboard and pointing device awkward to use

Answer 26

Ads: Spare parts standardised results in low costs Tend to have better specifications Large casing allows good dissipation of heat build up Disads: Not portable since they are not made up of separate components Wiring clutters up desk space Necessary to copy files as they aren’t portable

Answer 27

All the physical parts of a computer that you can see, touch and pick up.

Answer 28

keyboard Mouse monitor printer speakers web cam CD-ROM memory stick hard disk processor

Answer 29

Coded programmes that control how the computer works.

Answer 30

System software e.g. Operating systems, disk cleaners, disk defragmenter, virus protection Application software e.g. word processors, graphic editors, web design programmes, spreadsheet programmes, CAD, web browsers, computer games

Answer 31

Hardware is physical and software is part of the ICT system and cannot be physically touched, seen or picked up.

Answer 32

Computers are devices that accept information and then manipulate it to produce a result

Answer 33

PC (personal computer), Laptop, PDA, Mainframe, Notebook, Palmtop/tablet

Answer 34

CPU ROM/RAM Input devices Output devices backing storage

Answer 35

Windows ios Android

Answer 36

Cloud storage ebooks

Answer 37

Analogue to Data Converter creates digital sound signal in microphones

Answer 38

converts a voltage level into a digital value that can be stored and processed in a computer

Answer 39

a continuous output from PTC to field devices

Answer 40

Arithmetic Logic Unit performs all mathematical and logical calculations in the CPU using inputted numbers and code from the controller

Answer 41

Arithmetic Logic Unit performs all mathematical and logical calculations in the CPU using inputted numbers and code from the controller

Answer 42

a temporary state register for data that has just left the ALU

Answer 43

also known as a hard disk, this retains data after the computer has been switched off and can include storage systems such as flash drives and removable disks

Answer 44

a type of bus where data flows in both directions

Answer 45

Basic Input Output System a chip that enables a computer to communicate with hardware such as the disk drive, keyboard or monitor on start up

Answer 46

stored in ROM, instructions for what the computer has to do on start up

Answer 47

something that connects the processor to another part of the computer

Answer 48

where the address of data is communicated to the main memory

Answer 49

used to tell the memory or device which operation is to be performed

Answer 50

a series of wires that connects the processor to the main or cache memory, can be used to read or write to memory

Answer 51

the quantity of data that a storage medium can hold

Answer 52

Central Processing Unit main processor that executes instructions in a computer

Answer 53

the speed at which the computer operates

Answer 54

where the processer is set to run faster than the original design, causing it to overheat

Answer 55

where the processor is set to run slower than the original design

Answer 56

a term used to describe the processing components within the CPU

Answer 57

should be able to perform twice as fast as single core, although this is not always the case

Answer 58

should be able to perform twice as fast as dual-core, although this is not always the case

Answer 59

a fast-access type of memory that is very expensive and is able to provide instructions and data to the CPU faster than other memory systems

Answer 60

the smallest and fastest cache

Answer 61

larger and slower than L1, instructions are searched for in here if not in L1

Answer 62

the largest and slowest cache, instructions are searched for in here if not in L2

Answer 63

a hard disk that is not part of the normal array

Answer 64

the hardware that interfaces between the computer and other computers or peripheral devices

Answer 65

used to plug ANALOGUE audio signals into the computer

Answer 66

to connect a digital source to a computer monitor

Answer 67

mainly used for network and internet connectivity, carries broadband signals between different internet-capable devices

Answer 68

High-Definition Multimedia Interface used to transfer audio/visual data to compatible devices

Answer 69

also known as firewire, used for high-speed data transfer

Answer 70

a six-pin connector used to connect mice and computers

Answer 71

Universal Serial Bus allows high-speed connectivity with periphral devices

Answer 72

operates with hardware and software to create a functional solution

Answer 73

fetches instructions, translates and decodes them and then manages the execution of these instructions, controls the fetch-execute cycle

Answer 74

directs the flow of data to other parts of the CPU, also generates clock ticks

Answer 75

the name given to the input of the data into the system in a suitable format

Answer 76

detects if a voltage is above or below a certain threshold

Answer 77

allows you to control the voltage with a computer

Answer 78

how susceptible a storage medium is to damage

Answer 79

a combination of software and hardware that performs a specific task rather than a general-purpose computer that is designed to carry out multiple tasks. Often control real time events so must be completely reliable. They are embedded in firmware and stored in read-only memory. Most react to conditions such as temperature, weight, vibration and air quality, detecting external conditions and reacting to them by recording data, turning motors on or off, sounding an alarm or sending a message to the processor

Answer 80

made up of three steps for processing instructions by a currently running program: 1. The fetch cycle takes the address required from the memory, stores it in the instruction register, and moves the program counter on one so that it points at the next instruction. 2. The control unit checks the instruction in the instruction register. The instruction is decoded to determine the action that needs to be carried out. 3. That actual actions that happen during the execution cycle depend on the instruction itself.

Answer 81

Graphics Processing Unit a microprocessor that performs the calculations needed to produce graphic images on screen. Initially the CPU performed these calculations, but as more complex applications were developed, such as 3D graphics and video quality animations, the GPU was introduced to offload those tasks from the CPU. GPUs can be integrated within the circuitry of the motherboard or provided on a dedicated graphics card

Answer 82

uses the computer’s RAM, cheaper than using a dedicated GPU, as it uses less heat and power, perfect for general graphics processing, such as word processing or watching and editing videos

Answer 83

more expensive than an integrated GPU, often used by professional graphic designers and serious gamers, as it requires its own memory and a good cooling system

Answer 84

may be on the motherboard or designed to fit a PCI slot. Enable the computer to output sound through speakers, to record sound from a microphone and to manipulate sound stored or a disk. Sound cards convert analogue input signals into digital data and reverse this process for audio output

Answer 85

a type of sound card that allows for multiple channels from multiple speakers

Answer 86

a type of sound card that only allows for one channel

Answer 87

Grandfather-Father-Son Backup a method of backing up files

Answer 88

physical parts of a computer system, needed to gain a useable ouptut from the system

Answer 89

an older CPU design, where machine instructions and data were entirely separate and everything fed into a central control unit via buses

Answer 90

Human Machine Interface the user interface that connects the operator to the controller for an industrial system

Answer 91

backing up only files that have been altered, as opposed to the whole system

Answer 92

where data is inputted into a system, such as keyboards, barcode readers and sip and puff devices

Answer 93

the part of a computer where data or program instructions can be stored for future use

Answer 94

A small memory store used directly by the CPU, holds copies of the most frequently used instructions and data, reduces access time and speeds up processing. Is volatile. Data can be changed. Is very fast

Answer 95

is solid state (adapted from EPROM), composed of a series of logic gates that hold data in a non-binary format, now often used to replace ROM chips, involved in read/write only devices. Is permanent. Can be very slow. Data can be changed.

Answer 96

Random Access Memory non-volatile, non-editable, stores instructions for when the program is initially turned on and data is not lost when computer is powered down.

Answer 97

Read Only Memory computer’s working memory, is volatile and editable, data is lost when computer is powered down, allows multi-tasking

Answer 98

incorporates paging and swapping and is a memory management technique that gives the illusion of a very large main memory by moving data out to slower media e.g. a disk when it is not being used. Is used when RAM is full, uses the hard drive to temporarily store RAM content, causes system to slow down and stores programs and data not currently in use and retrieves them when required.

Answer 99

an integrated circuit that contains all the functions of the Central Processing Unit of a computer

Answer 100

the main circuit board of the computer, with the CPU and ROM mounted on it, providing RAM expansion slots, USB slots, PCI ports for expansion cards and controllers for devices such as the hard drive, DVD drive, keyboard and mouse

Answer 101

where information is presented in a logical form, such as screens, headphones and eye-tracking devices

Answer 102

not mounted on the motherboard, including input devices, backing store and output devices

Answer 103

the ease with which a secondary storage medium is connected from one device to another

Answer 104

used to convert Mains Alternating Current to low-voltage Direct Current for the various components of the system

Answer 105

where data is inputted into a readable format

Answer 106

a storage found in the CPU where data or control information is stored temporarily, usually much faster to access than internal memory

Answer 107

Current Instruction Register the part of the CPU’s control unit that holds the instruction currently being executed

Answer 108

the memory that is available within the CPU

Answer 109

these are used by the processor in conjunction with fetching information from the RAM

Answer 110

used within programmable instructions

Answer 111

Memory Address Register the CPU memory that stores the memory address from which the data will be fetched to the CPU

Answer 112

Mobile Data Register used for holding information, either data or programming, that is in the process of being transferred from the memory to the central processor, or vice versa

Answer 113

Program Counter a processor register that indicates when a computer is in its program sequence

Answer 114

how likely something is to fail through continuous use

Answer 115

Reduced Instruction Set Computer Processor processes a limited range of simple instructions and needs to break down complex commands into simpler ones to carry them out, but runs cooler, uses less power and are cheaper

Answer 116

technology consisting of computer components and recording media used to retain digital data

Answer 117

uses technology such as lasers

Answer 118

laser beams are projected onto a disk and if they are reflected back, this is recorded as a 1, if not, a 0, blu-ray has more storage than a typical DVD or CD

Answer 119

Digital Versatile Disk laser beams are projected onto a disk and if they are reflected back, this is recorded as a 1, if not, a 0, DVD has less storage than blu-ray, but more than a CD

Answer 120

Compact Disk laser beams are projected onto a disk and if they are reflected back, this is recorded as 1, if not, a 0, CD has less storage than blu-ray or DVD

Answer 121

devices that use technology stored in magnetic mediums

Answer 122

data is written onto using a write-head and can be read using a read-head, outside the computer

Answer 123

data is written onto using a write-head and can be read using a read-head, often inside the computer

Answer 124

data is written onto using a write-head and can be read using a read-head, on magnetic tape

Answer 125

called solid state as it does not have moving parts, unlike optical or magnetic devices, especially in mobile phones, where its low power consumption and speed is advantageous

Answer 126

a contemporary storage facility that allows users to store their data on third-party servers, meaning data can be accessed from multiple devices

Answer 127

is solid state (adapted from EPROM), composed of a series of logic gates that hold data in a non-binary format, now often used to replace ROM chips, involved in read/write only devices. Is permanent. Can be very slow. Data can be changed.

Answer 128

actual coded instructions that help the computer run

Answer 129

the access time to transfer data to the secondary storage medium

Answer 130

a type of bus where data only flows in one direction

Answer 131

number of wires

Answer 132

Not over a large geographical area (e.g. in one building) consist of a number of computers and devices, connected to hubs or switches. hubs or switches connected to a router and modem allows the LAN to connect to the internet and in doing so it then becomes part of a wide area network Advantages of networking using LAN: The sharing of resources Communication between users Network administrator can control and monitor all aspects of the network Disadvantages of networking using LAN: Easier spread of viruses throughout the whole network - increased security risks Slower access to external networks, such as the internet If main server breaks down, usually the networks will no longer function.

Answer 133

Used to transmit data of computer thr telephone line 1. Converts computer’s digital signals 👉 analogue for transmission ( modulates it) thr telephone lines and 2. from telephone line converts analogue signal 👉 digital for computer to process data (demodulates it)

Answer 134

connect LANs together

Answer 135

collection of computers, share peripherals, infos and communicate over network over small geographical area (e.g in a bulding, room) 😃software/ files can be shared between users 👉cheaper to buy license for several computer 😃 users can work together on a shared document 😃sharing of resources 😃communication of users 😡 easier to spread virus 😡 slower access to external network (e.g internet) 😡 high set up cost 😡 risk of data corruption

Answer 136

CPU (central processing unit) Internal hard disk drive RAM (random access memory) ROM (read-only memory)

Answer 137

Random access memory Memory can be written and read from Memory is volatile so lost when computer is switched off RAM holds the work that is currently done by the user

Answer 138

Read-only memory Stores information that needs to be permanent Memory is non-volatile stores the BIOS

Answer 139

On credit debit cards for use at ATMs or EFTPOS terminals Security devices to allow entry to buildings etc.

Answer 140

Fast data entry compared to keyboard Error free Secure (information not human readable) Not affected by oil, water, moisture No moving parts so robust

Answer 141

If the magnetic stripe gets damaged the data is lost Doesn’t work at a distance Can be stolen and still used

Answer 142

customers look out for the contactless symbol at terminal Shop assistant enters amount for payment Card reader informs the customer to present the card Customer holds card in front of reader Terminal display will indicate that the card has been read

Answer 143

integrated circuit (microchip) that stores and processes information an aerial (antenna) that is used to receive and transmit data

Answer 144

Reading the characters at the bottom of a bank cheque

Answer 145

Questionnaires Multiple choice examination Anything where shaded area must be identified

Answer 146

Converts scanned text into computer-readable form Passport controls

Answer 147

Supermarkets Libraries

Answer 148

Much faster than typing in data manually Allow automatic stock control Tried and Trusted technology

Answer 149

Relatively expensive system to administer Not fool proof (e.g. swap around barcodes) Can more easily be damaged than RFID tags or magnetic stripes

Answer 150

The physical components of a computer

Answer 151

Programs that control the computers operating system, and processes electronic data

Answer 152

Application software and system software

Answer 153

Programs that allow the user to carry out specific tasks. Examples - word processor, spreadsheet, database, photo and video editing software, graphics manipulation software, applications.

Answer 154

Programs that allow the hardware of the computer to run smoothly, as well as allowing the user to interact with the computer. Examples - operating system, utilities, compilers, linkers.

Answer 155

Internal and external hardware

Answer 156

motherboard, RAM, ROM, video cards, sound cards, internal hard disk drive, solid state drive

Answer 157

the central processing unit is the part of the computer that interprets and executes the commands from the computer hardware and software

Answer 158

ram and rom

Answer 159

random access memory - an internal chip where data is temporary stored, memory can be read and written, volatile (data is lost as soon as the computer is turned off)

Answer 160

read-only memory - a memory that stores data permanently, can only be read from, non volatile (data stored on rom is not lost even when the computer is turned off), stores instructions that tell the computer how to boot (start up), known as BIOS [basic input/output system], also loads the operating system

Answer 161

hardware devices that allow data to be input into a computer

Answer 162

hardware devices that allow data to be output from a computer

Answer 163

a form of storage that allows the user to back up data from a computer system

Answer 164

command line interface drawbacks - requires a user to type in commands, user needs to learn a number of commands to carry out basic operations, can easily make errors, time-consuming/slow, more difficult to edit once commands are entered benefits - the user is in direct communication with the computer, the user is not restricted to a number of predetermined options

Answer 165

graphic user interface - allows the user to interact with a computer using graphics like pictures or icons rather than having to type in a number of commands, uses WIMP (windows, icon, menu, and pointer) to provide the user interface benefits - user doesn’t need to learn any commands, more user-friendly, uses a pointing device (like a mouse) to click on icons to launch application which is simpler than typing in commands drawbacks - uses up more memory than CLI, user is limited to icons provided on the screen, needs an operating system to operate (uses up a lot of memory)

Answer 166

personal computers are usually found at homes, schools, or offices. they are made up of a separate monitor, keyboard, mouse, and processor unit. standalone computer [self-sufficient; can operate without connecting to other computers] - used by one person at a time, usually to perform tasks such as school work, gaming, browsing the internet, emailing. networked computers - joined together on a network, used to access and share resources like printers, designed to be used by multiple users, also used to access intranets

Answer 167

advantages - spare parts are standardized so lower costs, has better specifications for a given price, power consumption is not an issue since its always plugged into a socket, less likely to be damaged as they are fixed in one location disadvantages - large and bulky, not portable, needs constant power supply, necessary to copy files when the user wants to work elsewhere (with a laptop, you simply take the whole computer with you)

Answer 168

laptop refers to a type of computer where the monitor, keyboard, pointing device and processor are all together in one single unit, which makes it extremely portable. it is lightweight, have LCD screens (liquid crystal display) so low power consumption and long battery life, used for multimedia, school work, gaming, browsing the internet, emailing, etc. standalone computer - can be used anywhere due to small size and long-battery life networked computer - used to access and share resources (like printers) and information

Answer 169

advantages - small and lightweight, portable, no trailing wires (lesser risk of tripping hazard), low-power, built in rechargeable battery, built in wi-fi which makes it easy to connect to wireless networks and the internet, no need to transfer files when the user needs to work in a different location disadvantages - prone to theft and easier to steal, limited battery life so need to recharge frequently, compact so can get hot easily

Answer 170

these are the physical components of a computer system

Answer 171

Internal hardware: These are hardware devices situated inside the computer casing. CPU - Brain of the computer. Motherboard - Circuit board which connects to the main components of the computer system. Memory - Any data to be processed by the CPU is stored in the memory. Internal hard disk drive - A hardware device that's used to store information. Graphic video cards - Device that attaches to the motherboard and enables the computer to display and process graphics. Sound cards. Network card - Provides the computer with an internet connection. Optical disk drive - Allows for optical disks to run on the computer. Power supply - Connected to the main power sources to give power to computers. External hardware: These are hardware devices situated outside the computer casing. E.g. keyboard, mouse, speakers, monitor.

Answer 172

programs that instruct the computer what to do

Answer 173

Applications software-programmes designed to allow users to carry out specific tasks Eg word processing-used to prepare reports/spell check Spread sheet-used to organize data& create bar graphs Database-to create a table&create reports Photo editing- used to edit digital images or apply various formatting techniques Graphics manipulation- used to create and edit bitmap and vector graphics Video editing- used to edit/format videos System software-programs that control the operation of the computer. Operating system-manages computer functions and optimizes computer system Device drivers- allows hardware to run on computers Utilities- manage and maintain computer resources Linkers-combines files produced by compilers into a single program Compiler-translates a program written in a specific language which can be understood by the computer

Answer 174

RAM-volatile(temporary data),can store up to gigabytes Rom-com volatile(permanent data),can store up to several megabytes Cache-smaller memory that is close up to processor which stores copies of data from frequently used memory

Answer 175

Components of graphical user interface Windows-areas for displaying info Menu-list of applications Icons-small images used to represent files Pointers- used to select files Command line interface- commands entered into the computer in order to interact with it GUI over CL Interface is easier to use User does not need to learn any commands Can use a pointing device CLI over GUI User has more freedom to use specific commands It is possible to alter settings COPY-Copies one or more files to another location DIR- Dispalys a list of files ATTRIB-displays file attributes CHKDSK-checks a desk and displays status report

Answer 176

Laptop Desktop Tablet Smartphone Stand alone- any mechanism that can carry out functions without the need of another device Networked- set of computers connected together for purpose of sharing resources Desktop Advantage;always connected to power supply and parts can be easily replaced Disadvantage;it is not portable and takes up more desk space Laptop Advantage;portable and battery is rechargeable Disadvantage;it has limited battery and difficult to repair Tablets Advantage;touch screen technology and and anti glare display screen Disadvantage;it has limited memory and expensive

Answer 177

Motherboard CPU GPU RAM ROM Sound card NIC (Network Interface Card) Internal storage devices

Answer 178

Programs that control the computer system and process data

Answer 179

Word processing Spreadsheets Database (Management system) Control and management software Apps Video editing Graphics editing Audio editing Computer aided design (CAD)

Answer 180

Command line interface (CLI) Graphical user interface (GUI) Dialogue-based user interface Gesture-based user interface

Answer 181

Advantages: -Better hardware -Cheaper (low end) -More powerful Disadvantages: -Not portable -Always needs to be plugged in -No peripherals integrated

Answer 182

Advantages: -Portable -Decent battery life -Peripherals integrated Disadvantage: -More expensive (for what you pay for) -Worse hardware -Slower

Answer 183

Advantages: -Very portable -Good battery life -Peripherals integrated Disadvantages: -Expensive

Answer 184

Digital to analogue converter

Answer 185

Analogue to digital converter

Answer 186

Analogue -Smooth lines Digital -Blocks

Answer 187

Some applications need to carry out tasks that require some intelligence -Use of language -Recognizing a persons face -Operating machinery (car) -Predictors

Answer 188

Augmented reality

Answer 189

Virtual reality

Answer 190

Mixed reality

Answer 191

It is a general term used for physical components that make up a computer system.

Answer 192

It is a general term used for programs that control the computer system.

Answer 193

System and Application software

Answer 194

It is the type of software that allows computer system/hardware to run properly and allow the user to communicate with the computer

Answer 195

It is any program which allows the user to do specific tasks

Answer 196

It is any program which allows the user to do specific tasks

Answer 197

Word processor, spreadsheet, database, photo editing, video editing, graphics manipulation, apps, control and measuring software

Answer 198

It is the software running in the background/back end of the computer system. Basically it is the link between the low level I.e: basic hardware management and high level processes I.e: the software running on the computer system.

Answer 199

Compiler is a system application which translates/converts programs written in high level languages I.e: Python, C++, into machine code I.e:binary so that the code can be used by the computer to perform the required task. The original code/high level language code is known as the source code and the code after compilation is called object code.

Answer 200

Compiler is a system application which translates/converts programs written in high level languages I.e: Python, C++, into machine code I.e:binary so that the code can be used by the computer to perform the required task. The original code/high level language code is known as the source code and the code after compilation is called object code.

Answer 201

It is the program which allows the user to combine one or more object code files (produced by the compiler) into one single program.

Answer 202

These are the software which allow the hardware to communicate with the operating system. Without the driver the computer system can’t understand what to do with the input/output of the attached device.

Answer 203

These are software which carry out specific tasks (mostly system based tasks) on a computer. They manage, maintain and control computer resources. E.g.: Anti-virus, File backup, File Management, Hardware logging

Answer 204

It is a software which allows the user to manipulate text documents. It provides tools for copying, deleting and formatting of the text. Basically it is a whole suite of tools required for document making.

Answer 205

It is the software used to organize and manipulate numerical data. The data is organized on a grid of lettered columns and numbered rows. Each data point is called a cell and has a unique identification e.g: B3

Answer 206

It is a software which allows the user to organize, manipulate and analyze data. A database contains table/s which provide a basic structure for organization of data. A table consists of rows called as records and columns called as fields.

Answer 207

It is a software which allows the user to manipulate digital photographs. They allow a photographer to edit a photo to make it as perfect as possible.

Answer 208

It is a software which allows user to manipulate videos to produce an edited video.

Answer 209

It is the software which allows the user to manipulate bitmap and vector images.

Answer 210

It is a software which allows the computer to measure physical quantities in the real world and also control applications. They make use of microprocessor/s paired with sensors to achieve this job.

Answer 211

They are the applications which run on mobile phones.

Answer 212

Electronic Point Of Sales

Answer 213

Automatic Teller Machine

Answer 214

A keyboard that has keys with pictures or words which are programmed to carry out specific instructions.

Answer 215

To provide an interface to allow the user to communicate with the computer; and To manage and control the software and hardware.

Answer 216

It allows communication between the user and the computer

Answer 217

It checks and controls user access to programs and data

Answer 218

It controls peripheral devices and handles user requests.

Answer 219

It boots up the system

Answer 220

It deals with errors that occur

Answer 221

It allocates RAM to programs that the user is currently using.

Answer 222

Read Only Memory

Answer 223

Non-volatile

Answer 224

Contents are not lost when the computer is switched off

Answer 225

Stores the boot-up program that runs automatically when the computer is switched on

Answer 226

Written to

Answer 227

Random Access Memory

Answer 228

The contents are lost when the computer is switched off

Answer 229

Holds the current programs and data in use

Answer 230

Written to

Answer 231

Random Access Memory

Answer 232

The contents are lost when the computer is switched off

Answer 233

Holds the current programs and data in use

Answer 234

Computer processor becomes faster

Answer 235

Cache memory offers faster data access than RAM

Answer 236

What is the purpose of cache memory in a computer?

Answer 237

all of the physical components of a computer system

Answer 238

external: keyboard mouse monitor speakers webcam scanner internal: RAM ROM processor video cards

Answer 239

coded programs that control how the computer works

Answer 240

system software: disk cleaners virus protection word processors application software: operating system linkers compiler

Answer 241

all the different pieces of electrical hardware that join together to make up the complete computer system

Answer 242

Circuit board that allows CPU, RAM and other hardware components to communicate with each other All components plug into the motherboard

Answer 243

Brain of the computer Controls what computer does + is responsible for performing calculations and data processing

Answer 244

Two types - RAM & ROM - RAM and ROM are used to store computer data - ‘Primary Storage’ * RAM: random access memory * All programs and data in current use is stored on RAM * RAM is usually larger than ROM * Volatile memory: data lost when computer turned off * ROM: read only memory * Used to store permanent information * Chips cannot be altered, only read from * Nonvolatile memory: data not lost when computer turned off

Answer 245

Plug into motherboard, enables computer to display images on monitor

Answer 246

Plug into motherboard – allow computer system to produce sound + connect microphones

Answer 247

Stores data that is not instantly used by the computer

Answer 248

a software program that manages computer resources. Operating systems allow components to communicate with each other and enables the computer to run software applications.

Answer 249

Older style operating system → users type in commands using keyboard. Do not make use of images, icons or graphics. All the user is seen is a plain black screen like the one to the right.

Answer 250

ads: If user knows correct commands then can be faster than any other type of interface Uses less RAM Does not use as much CPU processing time Cheaper monitor can be used disads: Can be confusing for new users Commands have to be typed precisely If mistype an instruction, start from scratch Large number of commands to be learned

Answer 251

very ‘friendly’ way for people to interact with computer → makes use of pictures, graphics and icons

Answer 252

ads: Easy to use for beginners Don’t have to learn complicated commands Reasonable ‘help’ system with interface disads: Take up larger amount of hard disk space Need significantly more RAM to run More processing power than other interfaces Slow for experienced programmers

Answer 253

Usually found in the home. Designed to be use by one person at a time , performs tasks such as school work, gaming, household accounts, internet access and emailing.

Answer 254

ads: Cheaper to buy due to components being easier to make. Keyboard is easier to use as it is larger than a laptop keyboard. Design to allow heat to escape. disads: Large and bulky. Constant power supply / do not use batteries. Need to copy files onto portable storage or send via email if work in a different location.

Answer 255

Portable computers that fit on your laps. Can be used almost anywhere due to small size and built-in batteries. Powerful as PCs and can perform similar tasks.

Answer 256

ads: Smaller and lighter than PCs. Components are low-power Built-in rechargeable battery means they can work without a constant power supply Come with built-in Wi-Fi. No need to transfer files as can take your laptop with you. disads: Limited battery life. Smaller keyboards. Prone to theft as they are often used in public places. Can get hotter than a PC because they are compact.

Answer 257

Very large and expensive + capable of supporting thousands, or hundreds or users at a time. Used in large organisations for processing huge amounts of data/ control massive networks of computers. Can process many jobs at a time.

Answer 258

ads: Can process huge amounts of data very quickly Can perform millions of calculations per sec Run and manage huge networks disads: Very expensive to buy and run Very large and so almost impossible to transport. Generate a lot of heat and need to be in air-conditioned rooms. They need a high-level of training for people to be able to use them.

Answer 259

Extremely small and light versions of laptops. - Can perform similar tasks to a laptop but they’re not as powerful and have much smaller screens.

Answer 260

ads: Much smaller and lighter Longer battery life (low-power components) Cheaper because they do not come with certain components disads: Very small keyboards. Low performance means not suitable for power-hungry tasks like video editing Very small size -> easily mistaken or stolen Small hard disk -> store less data

Answer 261