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ICT Flashcards > 1. Types and components of computer systems > Flashcards

1. Types and components of computer systems Flashcards

1
Q

What is ‘hardware’?

A

all of the physical components of a computer system

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2
Q

Examples of hardware

A

external:
keyboard
mouse
monitor
speakers
webcam
scanner

internal:
RAM
ROM
processor
video cards

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3
Q

What is ‘software’?

A

coded programs that control how the computer works

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4
Q

Examples of software

A

system software:
disk cleaners
virus protection
word processors

application software:
operating system
linkers
compiler

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5
Q

What are the main components of computer systems?

A

all the different pieces of electrical hardware that join together to make up the complete computer system

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6
Q

Motherboard

A

Circuit board that allows CPU, RAM and other hardware components to communicate with each other
All components plug into the motherboard

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7
Q

Processor (CPU)

A

Brain of the computer

Controls what computer does + is responsible for performing calculations and data processing

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8
Q

Internal memory (RAM and ROM)

A

Two types - RAM & ROM
- RAM and ROM are used to store computer data
- ‘Primary Storage’
* RAM: random access memory
* All programs and data in current use is stored on RAM
* RAM is usually larger than ROM
* Volatile memory: data lost when computer turned off
* ROM: read only memory
* Used to store permanent information
* Chips cannot be altered, only read from
* Nonvolatile memory: data not lost when computer turned off

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9
Q

Video card / graphics card

A

Plug into motherboard, enables computer to display images on monitor

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10
Q

Sound card

A

Plug into motherboard – allow computer system to produce sound + connect microphones

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11
Q

Storage devices (secondary backing storage)

A

Stores data that is not instantly used by the computer

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12
Q

What is an ‘operating system’?

A

a software program that manages computer resources.

Operating systems allow components to communicate with each other and enables the computer to run software applications.

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13
Q

Command Line Interface (CLI)

A

Older style operating system → users type in commands using keyboard.
Do not make use of images, icons or graphics. All the user is seen is a plain black screen like the one to the right.

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14
Q

Advantages + disadvantages of CLI

A

ads:
If user knows correct commands then can be faster than any other type of interface
Uses less RAM
Does not use as much CPU processing time
Cheaper monitor can be used

disads:
Can be confusing for new users
Commands have to be typed precisely
If mistype an instruction, start from scratch
Large number of commands to be learned

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15
Q

Graphical User Interface (GUI)

A

very ‘friendly’ way for people to interact with computer → makes use of pictures, graphics and icons

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16
Q

Advantages + disadvantages of GUI

A

ads:
Easy to use for beginners
Don’t have to learn complicated commands
Reasonable ‘help’ system with interface

disads:
Take up larger amount of hard disk space
Need significantly more RAM to run
More processing power than other interfaces
Slow for experienced programmers

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17
Q

Desktop computer (PC)

A

Usually found in the home.
Designed to be use by one person at a time , performs tasks such as school work, gaming, household accounts, internet access and emailing.

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18
Q

Advantages + disadvantages of PC

A

ads:

Cheaper to buy due to components being easier to make.
Keyboard is easier to use as it is larger than a laptop keyboard.
Design to allow heat to escape.

disads:

Large and bulky.
Constant power supply / do not use batteries.
Need to copy files onto portable storage or send via email if work in a different location.

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19
Q

Laptop

A

Portable computers that fit on your laps.
Can be used almost anywhere due to small size and built-in batteries.
Powerful as PCs and can perform similar tasks.

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20
Q

Advantages + disadvantages of laptops

A

ads:

Smaller and lighter than PCs.
Components are low-power
Built-in rechargeable battery means they can work without a constant power supply
Come with built-in Wi-Fi.
No need to transfer files as can take your laptop with you.

disads:

Limited battery life.
Smaller keyboards.
Prone to theft as they are often used in public places.
Can get hotter than a PC because they are compact.

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21
Q

Mainframes

A

Very large and expensive + capable of supporting thousands, or hundreds or users at a time.
Used in large organisations for processing huge amounts of data/ control massive networks of computers.
Can process many jobs at a time.

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22
Q

Advantages + disadvantages of mainframes

A

ads:

Can process huge amounts of data very quickly
Can perform millions of calculations per sec
Run and manage huge networks

disads:

Very expensive to buy and run
Very large and so almost impossible to transport.
Generate a lot of heat and need to be in air-conditioned rooms.
They need a high-level of training for people to be able to use them.

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23
Q

Netbook

A

Extremely small and light versions of laptops.
- Can perform similar tasks to a laptop but they’re not as powerful and have much smaller screens.

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24
Q

Advantages + disadvantages of netbook

A

ads:

Much smaller and lighter
Longer battery life (low-power components)
Cheaper because they do not come with certain components

disads:

Very small keyboards.
Low performance means not suitable for power-hungry tasks like video editing
Very small size -> easily mistaken or stolen
Small hard disk -> store less data

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25
Q

PDA (personal digital assistant)

A
  • Handheld computers with facilities like:
    Personal organiser
    Internet browsing
    Tel. calls
    Multimedia
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26
Q

Advantages + disadvantages of PDA

A

ads:

Small and light, can fit in your pocket
Easy to use anywhere.
Can be used like a mobile phone to make calls.

disads:

Very small keyboards.
Some use stylus pen instead of a keyboard.
Small screen
Easily get stolen or mistaken because they’re small.
Limited power.

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27
Q

Palmtop

A

Are very similar in computing power to PDAs
Designed to sit in the palm of your hand, comes with small keyboard.
Used for basic functions like:
Calendars
Phone number and address book lists
Internet access
Email

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28
Q

Advantages + disadvantages of palmtop

A

ads:

Small and light
Easy to use anywhere
Built in cameras and microphones

disads:

Very small keyboards
Less memory
Small screen
Very small size makes them easy to misplace or get stolen.
Limited power

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29
Q

What is ‘cloud computing’?

A

Storing documents, programs and data on the Internet rather than on their own computers.
With Internet connection, they can create, edit and share ICT files from almost any location.
Users can save space on their computer’s storage drives.

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30
Q

Examples of cloud computing

A

Streaming music, Googles Docs

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31
Q

Advantages of cloud computing

A

Ads:

Lower costs
Increased accessibility
Time saving
Increased storage space
Backups
Sharing of data

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32
Q

Disadvantages of cloud computing

A

Security risks - vulnerable to hackers and viruses
Can’t access to your documents without Internet access
Quality of software
Potential increased costs

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33
Q

Advantages of e-books and online newspapers?

A

Ads:

Storage benefits
Paperless
Instant access to your book or newspaper
Cheaper to buy

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34
Q

Disadvantages of e-books and online newspapers?

A

Disads:

Health and safety
Piracy
Usability
High initial costs

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35
Q

What is hardware?

A

Tangible physical components of a computer system.

You can feel it or touch it.

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36
Q

Examples of hardware

A

Monitor, printer, mouse, keyboard, CPU

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37
Q

What is software?

A

Programs that control computer systems.
Set of instructions that make the computer system do something.
You cannot physically touch software.
Relates to ideas and instructions for using physical objects.

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38
Q

Examples of software

A

Two main types: Systems Software
Programs that allow the hardware to run properly.
Control computer’s hardware and application program.
Communicate with user.
E.g. Operating system.

Application Software:
Programs that allow the user to do a specific task.
Can be general purpose software or custom made software (specialist software).
E.g. Spread sheets, databases, word processing.

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39
Q

The basic computer system model

A

Input
|
Process —– Storage
|
Output

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40
Q

What makes up the CPU

A

Three main components:
Control unit - coordinates input and output devices and carries out program instructions.
Arithmetic and Logical Unit (ALU) - performs calculations and logical comparison: A < B?.
Immediate access store (IAS) - holds data and program instruction in current use.

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41
Q

What is RAM?

A

Random access memory (RAM) is an internal chip where data is stored temporarily.
Memory can be written to and read from
RAM stores program instructions and data that are needed when a program is running.
Contents are lost when computer is turned off.
Referred to as volatile memory.

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42
Q

What is ROM?

A

Read only memory (ROM) is memory used to store permanent information.
Used to contain configuration data for a computer etc.
Chips cannot be altered, only read from.
Data not lost when computer is turned off.
Referred to as non-volatile memory.

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43
Q

What does the Operating System do?

A

Enables users to communicate with computer systems.
Controls operation of input, output and backing storage device.
Supervises loading, running and storage of application program.
Maintains security of whole computer system.
Main types of user interfaces: Command Line Interfaces (CLI) and Graphical User Interface (GUI).

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44
Q

Advantages of GUIs

A

Easy to use.
Easy to explore and find your way around the system.
Do not have to learn complicated commands.
Good help facilities provided with GUIs.

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45
Q

Disadvantages of GUIs

A

Larger amount of hard disk space than other interfaces.
Significantly more memory (RAM) to run than other interface type.
GUI use more processing power than other types of interfaces.
GUI can be slow for experienced programmers to use.

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46
Q

Advantages of CLIs

A

Uses much less memory (RAM) than any other interface type.
Low resolution, cheap monitors can be used.
CLI does not require Windows to run.
Faster for expert users.

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47
Q

Disadvantages of CLIs

A

Can be confusing.
Commands have to be typed precisely, if there is a spelling error the command will fail.
Large number of commands need to be learned.

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48
Q

Different types of Computers

A

PC/Desktop Computers
Laptop (Notebook)
Netbooks
Personal Digital Assistants (PDA)
Tablets
Main frame computers

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49
Q

Advantages/Disadvantages of Laptops

A

Ads: Portable
No wires
Low power consumption
Disads:
Easy to steal
Limited battery; need to carry charger
Keyboard and pointing device awkward to use

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50
Q

Advantages/Disadvantages of PCs

A

Ads:
Spare parts standardised results in low costs
Tend to have better specifications
Large casing allows good dissipation of heat build up

Disads:
Not portable since they are not made up of separate components
Wiring clutters up desk space
Necessary to copy files as they aren’t portable

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51
Q

What is the definition of hardware?

A

All the physical parts of a computer that you can see, touch and pick up.

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52
Q

Give 5 examples of types of hardware

A

keyboard
Mouse
monitor
printer
speakers
web cam
CD-ROM
memory stick
hard disk
processor

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53
Q

What is the definition of software?

A

Coded programmes that control how the computer works.

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54
Q

Give 5 examples of software.

A

System software e.g. Operating systems, disk cleaners, disk defragmenter, virus protection

Application software e.g. word processors, graphic editors, web design programmes, spreadsheet programmes, CAD, web browsers, computer games

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55
Q

What is the difference between hardware and soft ware?

A

Hardware is physical and software is part of the ICT system and cannot be physically touched, seen or picked up.

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56
Q

What is the definition of a computer?

A

Computers are devices that accept information and then manipulate it to produce a result

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57
Q

Give 3 examples of types of computers.

A

PC (personal computer),
Laptop,
PDA,
Mainframe,
Notebook,
Palmtop/tablet

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58
Q

What are the main components of a general purpose computer?

A

CPU
ROM/RAM
Input devices
Output devices
backing storage

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59
Q

Give 3 examples of OS

A

Windows
ios
Android

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60
Q

Give an example of a recent development in ICT.

A

Cloud storage

ebooks

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61
Q

ADC

A

Analogue to Data Converter

creates digital sound signal in microphones

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62
Q

Analogue Input

A

converts a voltage level into a digital value that can be stored and processed in a computer

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63
Q

Analogue Output

A

a continuous output from PTC to field devices

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64
Q

ALU

A

Arithmetic Logic Unit

performs all mathematical and logical calculations in the CPU using inputted numbers and code from the controller

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65
Q

ALU

A

Arithmetic Logic Unit

performs all mathematical and logical calculations in the CPU using inputted numbers and code from the controller

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66
Q

Accumulator

A

a temporary state register for data that has just left the ALU

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67
Q

Backing Store

A

also known as a hard disk, this retains data after the computer has been switched off and can include storage systems such as flash drives and removable disks

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68
Q

Bidirectional

A

a type of bus where data flows in both directions

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69
Q

BIOS

A

Basic Input Output System

a chip that enables a computer to communicate with hardware such as the disk drive, keyboard or monitor on start up

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70
Q

Boot Component

A

stored in ROM, instructions for what the computer has to do on start up

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71
Q

Buses

A

something that connects the processor to another part of the computer

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72
Q

Address Bus

A

where the address of data is communicated to the main memory

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73
Q

Control Bus

A

used to tell the memory or device which operation is to be performed

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74
Q

Data Bus

A

a series of wires that connects the processor to the main or cache memory, can be used to read or write to memory

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75
Q

Capacity

A

the quantity of data that a storage medium can hold

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76
Q

CPU

A

Central Processing Unit

main processor that executes instructions in a computer

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77
Q

Clock Speed

A

the speed at which the computer operates

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78
Q

Overclocking

A

where the processer is set to run faster than the original design, causing it to overheat

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79
Q

Underclocking

A

where the processor is set to run slower than the original design

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80
Q

Cores

A

a term used to describe the processing components within the CPU

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81
Q

Dual Core

A

should be able to perform twice as fast as single core, although this is not always the case

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82
Q

Quad-Core

A

should be able to perform twice as fast as dual-core, although this is not always the case

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83
Q

Cache (Memory Type)

A

a fast-access type of memory that is very expensive and is able to provide instructions and data to the CPU faster than other memory systems

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84
Q

L1 Cache

A

the smallest and fastest cache

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85
Q

L2 Cache

A

larger and slower than L1, instructions are searched for in here if not in L1

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86
Q

L3 Cache

A

the largest and slowest cache, instructions are searched for in here if not in L2

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87
Q

Cache (Disk Type)

A

a hard disk that is not part of the normal array

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88
Q

Computer Port

A

the hardware that interfaces between the computer and other computers or peripheral devices

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89
Q

the hardware that interfaces between the computer and other computers or peripheral devices

A

used to plug ANALOGUE audio signals into the computer

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90
Q

Digital Visual Interface

A

to connect a digital source to a computer monitor

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91
Q

Ethernet

A

mainly used for network and internet connectivity, carries broadband signals between different internet-capable devices

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92
Q

HDMI

A

High-Definition Multimedia Interface

used to transfer audio/visual data to compatible devices

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93
Q

IEEE1934 Interface

A

also known as firewire, used for high-speed data transfer

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94
Q

PS/2 Connector

A

a six-pin connector used to connect mice and computers

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95
Q

USB

A

Universal Serial Bus

allows high-speed connectivity with periphral devices

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96
Q

Computer System

A

operates with hardware and software to create a functional solution

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97
Q

Controller

A

fetches instructions, translates and decodes them and then manages the execution of these instructions, controls the fetch-execute cycle

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98
Q

Control Unit

A

directs the flow of data to other parts of the CPU, also generates clock ticks

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99
Q

Data Capture

A

the name given to the input of the data into the system in a suitable format

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100
Q

Digital Input

A

detects if a voltage is above or below a certain threshold

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101
Q

Digital Ouput

A

allows you to control the voltage with a computer

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102
Q

Durability

A

how susceptible a storage medium is to damage

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103
Q

Embedded System

A

a combination of software and hardware that performs a specific task rather than a general-purpose computer that is designed to carry out multiple tasks. Often control real time events so must be completely reliable. They are embedded in firmware and stored in read-only memory. Most react to conditions such as temperature, weight, vibration and air quality, detecting external conditions and reacting to them by recording data, turning motors on or off, sounding an alarm or sending a message to the processor

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104
Q

Fetch Execute Cycle

A

made up of three steps for processing instructions by a currently running program:
1. The fetch cycle takes the address required from the memory, stores it in the instruction register, and moves the program counter on one so that it points at the next instruction.
2. The control unit checks the instruction in the instruction register. The instruction is decoded to determine the action that needs to be carried out.
3. That actual actions that happen during the execution cycle depend on the instruction itself.

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105
Q

GPU

A

Graphics Processing Unit

a microprocessor that performs the calculations needed to produce graphic images on screen. Initially the CPU performed these calculations, but as more complex applications were developed, such as 3D graphics and video quality animations, the GPU was introduced to offload those tasks from the CPU. GPUs can be integrated within the circuitry of the motherboard or provided on a dedicated graphics card

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106
Q

Integrated GPU

A

uses the computer’s RAM, cheaper than using a dedicated GPU, as it uses less heat and power, perfect for general graphics processing, such as word processing or watching and editing videos

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107
Q

Dedicated GPU

A

more expensive than an integrated GPU, often used by professional graphic designers and serious gamers, as it requires its own memory and a good cooling system

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108
Q

Sound Card

A

may be on the motherboard or designed to fit a PCI slot. Enable the computer to output sound through speakers, to record sound from a microphone and to manipulate sound stored or a disk. Sound cards convert analogue input signals into digital data and reverse this process for audio output

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109
Q

Stereo Card

A

a type of sound card that allows for multiple channels from multiple speakers

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110
Q

Mono Card

A

a type of sound card that only allows for one channel

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111
Q

GFS Backup

A

Grandfather-Father-Son Backup

a method of backing up files

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112
Q

Hardware

A

physical parts of a computer system, needed to gain a useable ouptut from the system

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113
Q

Harvard Architecture

A

an older CPU design, where machine instructions and data were entirely separate and everything fed into a central control unit via buses

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114
Q

HMI

A

Human Machine Interface

the user interface that connects the operator to the controller for an industrial system

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115
Q

Incremental Backup

A

backing up only files that have been altered, as opposed to the whole system

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116
Q

Input

A

where data is inputted into a system, such as keyboards, barcode readers and sip and puff devices

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117
Q

Memory

A

the part of a computer where data or program instructions can be stored for future use

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118
Q

Cache Memory

A

A small memory store used directly by the CPU, holds copies of the most frequently used instructions and data, reduces access time and speeds up processing. Is volatile. Data can be changed. Is very fast

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119
Q

Flash Memory

A

is solid state (adapted from EPROM), composed of a series of logic gates that hold data in a non-binary format, now often used to replace ROM chips, involved in read/write only devices. Is permanent. Can be very slow. Data can be changed.

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120
Q

RAM

A

Random Access Memory

non-volatile, non-editable, stores instructions for when the program is initially turned on and data is not lost when computer is powered down.

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121
Q

ROM

A

Read Only Memory

computer’s working memory, is volatile and editable, data is lost when computer is powered down, allows multi-tasking

122
Q

Virtual Memory

A

incorporates paging and swapping and is a memory management technique that gives the illusion of a very large main memory by moving data out to slower media e.g. a disk when it is not being used. Is used when RAM is full, uses the hard drive to temporarily store RAM content, causes system to slow down and stores programs and data not currently in use and retrieves them when required.

123
Q

Microprocessor

A

an integrated circuit that contains all the functions of the Central Processing Unit of a computer

124
Q

Motherboard

A

the main circuit board of the computer, with the CPU and ROM mounted on it, providing RAM expansion slots, USB slots, PCI ports for expansion cards and controllers for devices such as the hard drive, DVD drive, keyboard and mouse

125
Q

Ouput

A

where information is presented in a logical form, such as screens, headphones and eye-tracking devices

126
Q

Peripherals

A

not mounted on the motherboard, including input devices, backing store and output devices

127
Q

Portability

A

the ease with which a secondary storage medium is connected from one device to another

128
Q

Power Supply

A

used to convert Mains Alternating Current to low-voltage Direct Current for the various components of the system

129
Q

Process

A

where data is inputted into a readable format

130
Q

Register

A

a storage found in the CPU where data or control information is stored temporarily, usually much faster to access than internal memory

131
Q

CIR

A

Current Instruction Register

the part of the CPU’s control unit that holds the instruction currently being executed

132
Q

Internal Memory

A

the memory that is available within the CPU

133
Q

Internal Register

A

these are used by the processor in conjunction with fetching information from the RAM

134
Q

User Accessible Register

A

used within programmable instructions

135
Q

MAR

A

Memory Address Register

the CPU memory that stores the memory address from which the data will be fetched to the CPU

136
Q

MDR

A

Mobile Data Register

used for holding information, either data or programming, that is in the process of being transferred from the memory to the central processor, or vice versa

137
Q

PC

A

Program Counter

a processor register that indicates when a computer is in its program sequence

138
Q

Reliability

A

how likely something is to fail through continuous use

139
Q

RISC Processor

A

Reduced Instruction Set Computer Processor

processes a limited range of simple instructions and needs to break down complex commands into simpler ones to carry them out, but runs cooler, uses less power and are cheaper

140
Q

Secondary Storage

A

technology consisting of computer components and recording media used to retain digital data

141
Q

Optical Devices

A

uses technology such as lasers

142
Q

Blu-Ray Disk

A

laser beams are projected onto a disk and if they are reflected back, this is recorded as a 1, if not, a 0, blu-ray has more storage than a typical DVD or CD

143
Q

DVD

A

Digital Versatile Disk

laser beams are projected onto a disk and if they are reflected back, this is recorded as a 1, if not, a 0, DVD has less storage than blu-ray, but more than a CD

144
Q

CD

A

Compact Disk

laser beams are projected onto a disk and if they are reflected back, this is recorded as 1, if not, a 0, CD has less storage than blu-ray or DVD

145
Q

Magnetic Devices

A

devices that use technology stored in magnetic mediums

146
Q

External Hard Drive

A

data is written onto using a write-head and can be read using a read-head, outside the computer

147
Q

Magnetic Hard Drive

A

data is written onto using a write-head and can be read using a read-head, often inside the computer

148
Q

Magnetic Tape

A

data is written onto using a write-head and can be read using a read-head, on magnetic tape

149
Q

Solid State Drives

A

called solid state as it does not have moving parts, unlike optical or magnetic devices, especially in mobile phones, where its low power consumption and speed is advantageous

150
Q

Flash Memory

A

a contemporary storage facility that allows users to store their data on third-party servers, meaning data can be accessed from multiple devices

151
Q

Flash Memory

A
152
Q

Flash Memory

A

is solid state (adapted from EPROM), composed of a series of logic gates that hold data in a non-binary format, now often used to replace ROM chips, involved in read/write only devices. Is permanent. Can be very slow. Data can be changed.

153
Q

Software

A

actual coded instructions that help the computer run

154
Q

Speed

A

the access time to transfer data to the secondary storage medium

155
Q

Unidirectional

A

a type of bus where data only flows in one direction

156
Q

Width

A

number of wires

157
Q

everything about LAN

A

Not over a large geographical area (e.g. in one building)

consist of a number of computers and devices,

connected to hubs or switches.
hubs or switches connected to a router and modem allows the LAN to connect to the
internet and in doing so it then becomes part of a wide area network

Advantages of networking using LAN:
The sharing of resources
Communication between users
Network administrator can control and monitor all aspects of the network

Disadvantages of networking using LAN:
Easier spread of viruses throughout the whole network - increased security risks
Slower access to external networks, such as the internet
If main server breaks down, usually the networks will no longer function.

158
Q

what is a modem

A

Used to transmit data of computer thr telephone line
1. Converts computer’s digital signals 👉 analogue for transmission ( modulates it) thr telephone lines and
2. from telephone line converts analogue signal 👉 digital for computer to process data (demodulates it)

159
Q

what is a briges

A

connect LANs together

160
Q

LANs

A

collection of computers, share peripherals, infos and communicate over network
over small geographical area (e.g in a bulding, room)
😃software/ files can be shared between users
👉cheaper to buy license for several computer
😃 users can work together on a shared document
😃sharing of resources
😃communication of users
😡 easier to spread virus
😡 slower access to external network (e.g internet)
😡 high set up cost
😡 risk of data corruption

161
Q

Name 4 internal hardware devices

A

CPU (central processing unit)
Internal hard disk drive
RAM (random access memory)
ROM (read-only memory)

162
Q

What is RAM

A

Random access memory
Memory can be written and read from
Memory is volatile so lost when computer is switched off
RAM holds the work that is currently done by the user

163
Q

What is ROM

A

Read-only memory
Stores information that needs to be permanent
Memory is non-volatile
stores the BIOS

164
Q

Name the uses of Magnetic stripe readers

A

On credit debit cards for use at ATMs or EFTPOS terminals

Security devices to allow entry to buildings etc.

165
Q

Name the advantages of Magnetic stripe readers

A

Fast data entry compared to keyboard
Error free
Secure (information not human readable)
Not affected by oil, water, moisture
No moving parts so robust

166
Q

Name the disadvantages of Magnetic stripe readers

A

If the magnetic stripe gets damaged the data is lost
Doesn’t work at a distance
Can be stolen and still used

167
Q

Describe the process when paying with a Contactless card

A

customers look out for the contactless symbol at terminal
Shop assistant enters amount for payment
Card reader informs the customer to present the card
Customer holds card in front of reader
Terminal display will indicate that the card has been read

168
Q

What does an RFID consist of

A

integrated circuit (microchip) that stores and processes information
an aerial (antenna) that is used to receive and transmit data

169
Q

Name the uses of MICR (Magnetic ink character recognition)

A

Reading the characters at the bottom of a bank cheque

170
Q

Name the uses of OMR (Optical mark recognition)

A

Questionnaires
Multiple choice examination
Anything where shaded area must be identified

171
Q

Name the uses of OCR (Optical character recognition)

A

Converts scanned text into computer-readable form

Passport controls

172
Q

Name the uses of Barcode readers

A

Supermarkets

Libraries

173
Q

Name the advantages of Barcode readers

A

Much faster than typing in data manually
Allow automatic stock control
Tried and Trusted technology

174
Q

Name the disadvantages of Barcode readers

A

Relatively expensive system to administer
Not fool proof (e.g. swap around barcodes)
Can more easily be damaged than RFID tags or magnetic stripes

175
Q

Define hardware

A

The physical components of a computer

176
Q

Define software

A

Programs that control the computers operating system, and processes electronic data

177
Q

Two types of software

A

Application software and system software

178
Q

Define application software and give examples

A

Programs that allow the user to carry out specific tasks. Examples - word processor, spreadsheet, database, photo and video editing software, graphics manipulation software, applications.

179
Q

Define system software and give examples

A

Programs that allow the hardware of the computer to run smoothly, as well as allowing the user to interact with the computer. Examples - operating system, utilities, compilers, linkers.

180
Q

Two types of hardware

A

Internal and external hardware

181
Q

Examples of internal hardware

A

motherboard, RAM, ROM, video cards, sound cards, internal hard disk drive, solid state drive

182
Q

what is the CPU and what are its roles

A

the central processing unit is the part of the computer that interprets and executes the commands from the computer hardware and software

183
Q

what is internal memory

A

ram and rom

184
Q

what is ram

A

random access memory - an internal chip where data is temporary stored, memory can be read and written, volatile (data is lost as soon as the computer is turned off)

185
Q

what is rom

A

read-only memory - a memory that stores data permanently, can only be read from, non volatile (data stored on rom is not lost even when the computer is turned off), stores instructions that tell the computer how to boot (start up), known as BIOS [basic input/output system], also loads the operating system

186
Q

define input devices

A

hardware devices that allow data to be input into a computer

187
Q

define output devices

A

hardware devices that allow data to be output from a computer

188
Q

define secondary/backing storage

A

a form of storage that allows the user to back up data from a computer system

189
Q

what is a CLI, and what are its drawbacks and benefits

A

command line interface
drawbacks - requires a user to type in commands, user needs to learn a number of commands to carry out basic operations, can easily make errors, time-consuming/slow, more difficult to edit once commands are entered
benefits - the user is in direct communication with the computer, the user is not restricted to a number of predetermined options

190
Q

what is GUI, and what are its benefits and drawbacks

A

graphic user interface - allows the user to interact with a computer using graphics like pictures or icons rather than having to type in a number of commands, uses WIMP (windows, icon, menu, and pointer) to provide the user interface
benefits - user doesn’t need to learn any commands, more user-friendly, uses a pointing device (like a mouse) to click on icons to launch application which is simpler than typing in commands
drawbacks - uses up more memory than CLI, user is limited to icons provided on the screen, needs an operating system to operate (uses up a lot of memory)

191
Q

pc/desktop computer (characteristics and its uses, both as standalone and networked)

A

personal computers are usually found at homes, schools, or offices. they are made up of a separate monitor, keyboard, mouse, and processor unit.
standalone computer [self-sufficient; can operate without connecting to other computers] - used by one person at a time, usually to perform tasks such as school work, gaming, browsing the internet, emailing.
networked computers - joined together on a network, used to access and share resources like printers, designed to be used by multiple users, also used to access intranets

192
Q

advantages and disadvantages of a pc/desktop computer (compared to laptop computer)

A

advantages - spare parts are standardized so lower costs, has better specifications for a given price, power consumption is not an issue since its always plugged into a socket, less likely to be damaged as they are fixed in one location
disadvantages - large and bulky, not portable, needs constant power supply, necessary to copy files when the user wants to work elsewhere (with a laptop, you simply take the whole computer with you)

193
Q

laptop computers (characteristics and its uses, both as standalone and networked)

A

laptop refers to a type of computer where the monitor, keyboard, pointing device and processor are all together in one single unit, which makes it extremely portable. it is lightweight, have LCD screens (liquid crystal display) so low power consumption and long battery life, used for multimedia, school work, gaming, browsing the internet, emailing, etc.
standalone computer - can be used anywhere due to small size and long-battery life
networked computer - used to access and share resources (like printers) and information

194
Q

advantages and disadvantages of a laptop computer (compared to pc/desktop computer)

A

advantages - small and lightweight, portable, no trailing wires (lesser risk of tripping hazard), low-power, built in rechargeable battery, built in wi-fi which makes it easy to connect to wireless networks and the internet, no need to transfer files when the user needs to work in a different location
disadvantages - prone to theft and easier to steal, limited battery life so need to recharge frequently, compact so can get hot easily

195
Q

WHAT IS HARDWARE

A

these are the physical components of a computer system

196
Q

TYPES OF HARD WARE

A

Internal hardware: These are hardware devices situated inside the computer casing.
CPU - Brain of the computer.
Motherboard - Circuit board which connects to the main components of the computer system.
Memory - Any data to be processed by the CPU is stored in the memory.
Internal hard disk drive - A hardware device that’s used to store information.
Graphic video cards - Device that attaches to the motherboard and enables the computer to display and process graphics.
Sound cards.
Network card - Provides the computer with an internet connection.
Optical disk drive - Allows for optical disks to run on the computer.
Power supply - Connected to the main power sources to give power to computers.

External hardware: These are hardware devices situated outside the computer casing. E.g. keyboard, mouse, speakers, monitor.

197
Q

WHAT IS SOFTWARE

A

programs that instruct the computer what to do

198
Q

TYPES OF SOFTWARE

A

Applications software-programmes designed to allow users to carry out specific tasks

Eg word processing-used to prepare reports/spell check
Spread sheet-used to organize data& create bar graphs
Database-to create a table&create reports
Photo editing- used to edit digital images or apply various formatting techniques
Graphics manipulation- used to create and edit bitmap and vector graphics
Video editing- used to edit/format videos

System software-programs that control the operation of the computer.
Operating system-manages computer functions and optimizes computer system
Device drivers- allows hardware to run on computers
Utilities- manage and maintain computer resources
Linkers-combines files produced by compilers into a single program
Compiler-translates a program written in a specific language which can be understood by the computer

199
Q

Rom and ram

A

RAM-volatile(temporary data),can store up to gigabytes
Rom-com volatile(permanent data),can store up to several megabytes
Cache-smaller memory that is close up to processor which stores copies of data from frequently used memory

200
Q

Types of operating systems

A

Components of graphical user interface
Windows-areas for displaying info
Menu-list of applications
Icons-small images used to represent files
Pointers- used to select files
Command line interface- commands entered into the computer in order to interact with it

GUI over CL
Interface is easier to use
User does not need to learn any commands
Can use a pointing device

CLI over GUI
User has more freedom to use specific commands
It is possible to alter settings

COPY-Copies one or more files to another location
DIR- Dispalys a list of files
ATTRIB-displays file attributes
CHKDSK-checks a desk and displays status report

201
Q

Types of computers

A

Laptop
Desktop
Tablet
Smartphone

Stand alone- any mechanism that can carry out functions without the need of another device
Networked- set of computers connected together for purpose of sharing resources

Desktop
Advantage;always connected to power supply and parts can be easily replaced
Disadvantage;it is not portable and takes up more desk space

Laptop
Advantage;portable and battery is rechargeable
Disadvantage;it has limited battery and difficult to repair

Tablets
Advantage;touch screen technology and and anti glare display screen
Disadvantage;it has limited memory and expensive

202
Q

Name all the internal hardware

A

Motherboard
CPU
GPU
RAM
ROM
Sound card
NIC (Network Interface Card)
Internal storage devices

202
Q

Software Definition

A

Programs that control the computer system and process data

202
Q

Software applications

A

Word processing
Spreadsheets
Database (Management system)
Control and management software
Apps
Video editing
Graphics editing
Audio editing
Computer aided design (CAD)

203
Q

All User interfaces

A

Command line interface (CLI)
Graphical user interface (GUI)
Dialogue-based user interface
Gesture-based user interface

204
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of desktop computers

A

Advantages:
-Better hardware
-Cheaper (low end)
-More powerful

Disadvantages:
-Not portable
-Always needs to be plugged in
-No peripherals integrated

205
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of laptop computers

A

Advantages:
-Portable
-Decent battery life
-Peripherals integrated

Disadvantage:
-More expensive (for what you pay for)
-Worse hardware
-Slower

206
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of Tablet computers

A

Advantages:
-Very portable
-Good battery life
-Peripherals integrated

Disadvantages:
-Expensive

207
Q

DAC

A

Digital to analogue converter

208
Q

ADC

A

Analogue to digital converter

209
Q

Analogue vs digital

A

Analogue
-Smooth lines

Digital
-Blocks

210
Q

AI(Artificial intelligence) uses

A

Some applications need to carry out tasks that require some intelligence
-Use of language
-Recognizing a persons face
-Operating machinery (car)
-Predictors

211
Q

AR meaning

A

Augmented reality

212
Q

VR meaning

A

Virtual reality

213
Q

MR meaning

A

Mixed reality

214
Q

What is hardware?

A

It is a general term used for physical components that make up a computer system.

215
Q

What is software?

A

It is a general term used for programs that control the computer system.

216
Q

What are the types of software?

A

System and Application software

217
Q

What is system software?

A

It is the type of software that allows computer system/hardware to run properly and allow the user to communicate with the computer

218
Q

What is application software?

A

It is any program which allows the user to do specific tasks

219
Q

It is any program which allows the user to do specific tasks

A

It is any program which allows the user to do specific tasks

220
Q

What are types of application software?

A

Word processor, spreadsheet, database, photo editing, video editing, graphics manipulation, apps, control and measuring software

221
Q

What is an OS?

A

It is the software running in the background/back end of the computer system. Basically it is the link between the low level I.e: basic hardware management and high level processes I.e: the software running on the computer system.

222
Q

What is a compiler?

A

Compiler is a system application which translates/converts programs written in high level languages I.e: Python, C++, into machine code I.e:binary so that the code can be used by the computer to perform the required task. The original code/high level language code is known as the source code and the code after compilation is called object code.

223
Q

What is a compiler?

A

Compiler is a system application which translates/converts programs written in high level languages I.e: Python, C++, into machine code I.e:binary so that the code can be used by the computer to perform the required task. The original code/high level language code is known as the source code and the code after compilation is called object code.

224
Q

What is a linker?

A

It is the program which allows the user to combine one or more object code files (produced by the compiler) into one single program.

225
Q

What is a device driver?

A

These are the software which allow the hardware to communicate with the operating system. Without the driver the computer system can’t understand what to do with the input/output of the attached device.

226
Q

What is a utility software?

A

These are software which carry out specific tasks (mostly system based tasks) on a computer. They manage, maintain and control computer resources. E.g.: Anti-virus, File backup, File Management, Hardware logging

227
Q

What is a word processing software?

A

It is a software which allows the user to manipulate text documents. It provides tools for copying, deleting and formatting of the text. Basically it is a whole suite of tools required for document making.

228
Q

What is a spreadsheet software?

A

It is the software used to organize and manipulate numerical data. The data is organized on a grid of lettered columns and numbered rows. Each data point is called a cell and has a unique identification e.g: B3

229
Q

What is database software?

A

It is a software which allows the user to organize, manipulate and analyze data. A database contains table/s which provide a basic structure for organization of data. A table consists of rows called as records and columns called as fields.

230
Q

What is a photo editing software?

A

It is a software which allows the user to manipulate digital photographs. They allow a photographer to edit a photo to make it as perfect as possible.

231
Q

What is a video editing software?

A

It is a software which allows user to manipulate videos to produce an edited video.

232
Q

What is graphics manipulation software?

A

It is the software which allows the user to manipulate bitmap and vector images.

233
Q

What is control and measurement software?

A

It is a software which allows the computer to measure physical quantities in the real world and also control applications. They make use of microprocessor/s paired with sensors to achieve this job.

234
Q

What are apps?

A

They are the applications which run on mobile phones.

235
Q

What layout does a standard keyboard use?

A

QWERTY

236
Q

What does EPOS stand for?

A

Electronic Point Of Sales

237
Q

What does ATM stand for?

A

Automatic Teller Machine

238
Q

Give an example of a keyboard that is designed for a specific application.

A

ATM

239
Q

What is a concept keyboard?

A

A keyboard that has keys with pictures or words which are programmed to carry out specific instructions.

240
Q

What is the purpose of an operating system?

A

To provide an interface to allow the user to communicate with the computer; and
To manage and control the software and hardware.

241
Q

How does the interface of an operating system work?

A

It allows communication between the user and the computer

242
Q

How does the security system of an operating system work?

A

It checks and controls user access to programs and data

243
Q

How does resource management work in an operating system?

A

It controls peripheral devices and handles user requests.

244
Q

How does the execution feature of an operating system work?

A

It boots up the system

245
Q

How does the error handling of an operating system work?

A

It deals with errors that occur

246
Q

How does the memory management of an operating system work?

A

It allocates RAM to programs that the user is currently using.

247
Q

ROM stands for

A

Read Only Memory

248
Q

Is ROM volatile or non-volatile?

A

Non-volatile

249
Q

What does non-volatile mean?

A

Contents are not lost when the computer is switched off

250
Q

What is the purpose of ROM in a computer?

A

Stores the boot-up program that runs automatically when the computer is switched on

251
Q

ROM can be read from, but not

A

Written to

252
Q

RAM stands for

A

Random Access Memory

253
Q

Is RAM volatile or non-volatile?

A

Volatile

254
Q

What does volatile mean?

A

The contents are lost when the computer is switched off

255
Q

What is the purpose of RAM in a computer?

A

Holds the current programs and data in use

256
Q

ROM can be read from, but not

A

Written to

257
Q

RAM stands for

A

Random Access Memory

258
Q

Is RAM volatile or non-volatile?

A

Volatile

259
Q

What does volatile mean?

A

The contents are lost when the computer is switched off

260
Q

What is the purpose of RAM in a computer?

A

Holds the current programs and data in use

261
Q

What is the impact of having more RAM in a computer?

A

Computer processor becomes faster

262
Q

True or false: Cache memory can be read from and written to.

A

True

263
Q

The storage capacity of cache memory is

A

Small

264
Q

How does the speed of data access of cache memory compare to that of RAM?

A

Cache memory offers faster data access than RAM

265
Q

What is the purpose of cache memory in a computer?

A

What is the purpose of cache memory in a computer?

266
Q

What is ‘hardware’?

A

all of the physical components of a computer system

267
Q

Examples of hardware

A

external:
keyboard
mouse
monitor
speakers
webcam
scanner

internal:
RAM
ROM
processor
video cards

268
Q

What is ‘software’?

A

coded programs that control how the computer works

269
Q

Examples of software

A

system software:
disk cleaners
virus protection
word processors

application software:
operating system
linkers
compiler

270
Q

What are the main components of computer systems?

A

all the different pieces of electrical hardware that join together to make up the complete computer system

271
Q

Motherboard

A

Circuit board that allows CPU, RAM and other hardware components to communicate with each other
All components plug into the motherboard

272
Q

Processor (CPU)

A

Brain of the computer

Controls what computer does + is responsible for performing calculations and data processing

273
Q

Internal memory (RAM and ROM)

A

Two types - RAM & ROM
- RAM and ROM are used to store computer data
- ‘Primary Storage’
* RAM: random access memory
* All programs and data in current use is stored on RAM
* RAM is usually larger than ROM
* Volatile memory: data lost when computer turned off
* ROM: read only memory
* Used to store permanent information
* Chips cannot be altered, only read from
* Nonvolatile memory: data not lost when computer turned off

274
Q

Video card / graphics card

A

Plug into motherboard, enables computer to display images on monitor

275
Q

Sound card

A

Plug into motherboard – allow computer system to produce sound + connect microphones

276
Q

Storage devices (secondary backing storage)

A

Stores data that is not instantly used by the computer

277
Q

What is an ‘operating system’?

A

a software program that manages computer resources.

Operating systems allow components to communicate with each other and enables the computer to run software applications.

278
Q

Command Line Interface (CLI)

A

Older style operating system → users type in commands using keyboard.
Do not make use of images, icons or graphics. All the user is seen is a plain black screen like the one to the right.

279
Q

Advantages + disadvantages of CLI

A

ads:
If user knows correct commands then can be faster than any other type of interface
Uses less RAM
Does not use as much CPU processing time
Cheaper monitor can be used

disads:
Can be confusing for new users
Commands have to be typed precisely
If mistype an instruction, start from scratch
Large number of commands to be learned

280
Q

Graphical User Interface (GUI)

A

very ‘friendly’ way for people to interact with computer → makes use of pictures, graphics and icons

281
Q

Advantages + disadvantages of GUI

A

ads:
Easy to use for beginners
Don’t have to learn complicated commands
Reasonable ‘help’ system with interface

disads:
Take up larger amount of hard disk space
Need significantly more RAM to run
More processing power than other interfaces
Slow for experienced programmers

282
Q

Desktop computer (PC)

A

Usually found in the home.
Designed to be use by one person at a time , performs tasks such as school work, gaming, household accounts, internet access and emailing.

283
Q

Advantages + disadvantages of PC

A

ads:

Cheaper to buy due to components being easier to make.
Keyboard is easier to use as it is larger than a laptop keyboard.
Design to allow heat to escape.

disads:

Large and bulky.
Constant power supply / do not use batteries.
Need to copy files onto portable storage or send via email if work in a different location.

284
Q

Laptop

A

Portable computers that fit on your laps.
Can be used almost anywhere due to small size and built-in batteries.
Powerful as PCs and can perform similar tasks.

285
Q

Advantages + disadvantages of laptops

A

ads:

Smaller and lighter than PCs.
Components are low-power
Built-in rechargeable battery means they can work without a constant power supply
Come with built-in Wi-Fi.
No need to transfer files as can take your laptop with you.

disads:

Limited battery life.
Smaller keyboards.
Prone to theft as they are often used in public places.
Can get hotter than a PC because they are compact.

286
Q

Mainframes

A

Very large and expensive + capable of supporting thousands, or hundreds or users at a time.
Used in large organisations for processing huge amounts of data/ control massive networks of computers.
Can process many jobs at a time.

287
Q

Advantages + disadvantages of mainframes

A

ads:

Can process huge amounts of data very quickly
Can perform millions of calculations per sec
Run and manage huge networks

disads:

Very expensive to buy and run
Very large and so almost impossible to transport.
Generate a lot of heat and need to be in air-conditioned rooms.
They need a high-level of training for people to be able to use them.

288
Q

Netbook

A

Extremely small and light versions of laptops.
- Can perform similar tasks to a laptop but they’re not as powerful and have much smaller screens.

289
Q

Advantages + disadvantages of netbook

A

ads:

Much smaller and lighter
Longer battery life (low-power components)
Cheaper because they do not come with certain components

disads:

Very small keyboards.
Low performance means not suitable for power-hungry tasks like video editing
Very small size -> easily mistaken or stolen
Small hard disk -> store less data

290
Q

PDA (personal digital assistant)

A
  • Handheld computers with facilities like:
    Personal organiser
    Internet browsing
    Tel. calls
    Multimedia
291
Q

Advantages + disadvantages of PDA

A

ads:

Small and light, can fit in your pocket
Easy to use anywhere.
Can be used like a mobile phone to make calls.

disads:

Very small keyboards.
Some use stylus pen instead of a keyboard.
Small screen
Easily get stolen or mistaken because they’re small.
Limited power.

292
Q

Palmtop

A

Are very similar in computing power to PDAs
Designed to sit in the palm of your hand, comes with small keyboard.
Used for basic functions like:
Calendars
Phone number and address book lists
Internet access
Email

293
Q

Advantages + disadvantages of palmtop

A

ads:

Small and light
Easy to use anywhere
Built in cameras and microphones

disads:

Very small keyboards
Less memory
Small screen
Very small size makes them easy to misplace or get stolen.
Limited power

294
Q

What is ‘cloud computing’?

A

Storing documents, programs and data on the Internet rather than on their own computers.
With Internet connection, they can create, edit and share ICT files from almost any location.
Users can save space on their computer’s storage drives.

295
Q

Examples of cloud computing

A

Streaming music, Googles Docs

296
Q

Advantages of cloud computing

A

Ads:

Lower costs
Increased accessibility
Time saving
Increased storage space
Backups
Sharing of data

297
Q

Disadvantages of cloud computing

A

Security risks - vulnerable to hackers and viruses
Can’t access to your documents without Internet access
Quality of software
Potential increased costs

298
Q

Advantages of e-books and online newspapers?

A

Ads:

Storage benefits
Paperless
Instant access to your book or newspaper
Cheaper to buy

299
Q

Disadvantages of e-books and online newspapers?

A

Disads:

Health and safety
Piracy
Usability
High initial costs

ICT Flashcards (11 decks)

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