6) Health Promotion Flashcards
What are the determinants of health?
Physical
Social and economic
Individual genetics and behaviour
What are the 7 principles of health promotion?
SEMHIPE
Sustainable Empowering Multi-strategy Holistic Intersectoral Participating Equitable
What are the aims of Public Health England?
Empower local communities and unleash new evidence based ideas
What are the structural critiques of health promotion?
Neglects wider constraints on individual (social, political), too much emphasis on behaviour and victim blaming
What are the surveillance critiques of health promotion?
Monitoring and regulating population
What are the consumption critiques of health promotion?
Privileges the wealthy
What is the behaviour change approach to health promotion?
Advertisement, theories of health behaviour, help people to make a change e.g. ask, advise, act
What is the educational approach to health promotion?
Providing information about effects of a health related behaviour
What is the empowerment approach to health promotion?
Patient-centred, what they want to achieve/change
What is the social change approach to health promotion?
e.g. smoking ban. Tries to create a new social norm with negative behaviour being deviance from norm
What is primary prevention?
Give examples
Prevent onset of disease or injury by reducing exposure to risk factors
e.g. immunisation, education on how diseases spread
What is secondary prevention?
Give examples
Detect and treat a disease a early stage
e.g. screening
What is tertiary prevention?
Give examples
Minimise effects of established disease
e.g. palliative
What are some of the dilemmas of health promotion?
Ethics of interfering in people's lives Victim blaming 'Fallacy of empowerment' Reinforcing negative stereotypes Aim at women in families Prevention paradox
What is evaluation?
Rigorous and systematic collection of data to assess the effectiveness of a programme in achieving predetermined objectives
Why do we need to evaluate?
Evidence based interventions
Accountability - legitimacy and political support
Ensure no harm and not wasting resources
What is process evaluation?
Assessing process of programme implementation, how it is being delivered and received. Qualitative methods e.g. interviews
What is impact evaluation?
Assesses immediate effects of intervention e.g. behaviour, attitudes and knowledge change
Need baseline data prior to implementation
What is outcome evaluation?
Long term consequences. Measures what is achieved e.g. improvement in life, reduction in symptoms
Why does timing need to be considered in outcome evaluation?
Delay: some interventions take a long time to have an effect
Decay: some interventions wear off rapidly e.g. hard hitting campaigns
What are the difficulties of evaluation?
Possible lag time to effect
Confounding factors e.g. multiple interventions
High cost
