6: Health Indicators and Physiology

Question 1

can indicate whether you are carrying too much abdominal fat which has negative implications for health such as increased risk of heart disease and type 2 diabetes.

Answer 1

waist circumference

Question 2

Physical indicators of health include:

Answer 2

• Body Weight
• Body Mass Index (BMI)
• Waist Circumference
• Body Composition
• Hair, skin, and nail analysis
• Cardiovascular fitness

Question 3

Observations about ________ can provide you with an indication of your micronutrient status.

Answer 3

hair, nails, and skin

Question 4

______ which bleed easily and _______ which lie just beneath the skin which spontaneously break producing pin prick sized hemorrhages on the skin may be an indication of vitamin C deficiency.

Answer 4

Gums, capillaries

Question 5

Your ________ also contributes to your health.

Answer 5

physical fitness level

Question 6

is but a virtual robot unless life processes are included in its functions.

Answer 6

A virtual human

Question 7

for decades have been recognized as primary indicators of the state of health of the human body and as such are easily interpreted.

Answer 7

vital signs

Question 8

required to generate energy in the human body

Answer 8

oxygen

Question 9

can be loosely defined as the amount of oxygen required by the body to generate energy for a task.

Answer 9

oxygen uptake

Question 10

It is this direct correlation between the oxygen and the metabolic energy production that is exploited to translate the energy consumed into the physiological domain.

Answer 10

oxygen uptake

Question 11

It is the single factor connecting physiological responses to changes in activity levels.

Answer 11

oxygen uptake

Question 12

Since oxygen is supplied to the muscles by the blood and the heart pumps the blood, it can be inferred that the ______ is directly proportional to the oxygen uptake, which has also been established experimentally (Jones, 1970)

Answer 12

heart rate

Question 13

The core body and skin surface __________ are modeled as functions of the energy, the ambient conditions and the clothing on the human.

Answer 13

temperatures

Question 14

necessary to maintain human comfort

Answer 14

Thermal regulation of skin temperature

Question 15

vital to avoid health hazards

Answer 15

thermal regulation of core temperature

Question 16

is the mass movement of gas in and out of the lungs per minute

Answer 16

Pulmonary ventilation or minute ventilation

Question 17

pulmonary ventilation is usually measured as the

Answer 17

volume of air exhaled

Question 18

the number of complete breaths taken in a minute.

Answer 18

The breathing frequency or respiratory frequency

Question 19

modeled as a function of the carbon dioxide output

Answer 19

The pulmonary ventilation

Question 20

modeled as a function of the minute ventilation

Answer 20

respiratory frequency

Question 21

Additionally the oxygen uptake and the heart rate are also modeled in the ___________ using empirical relationships between the heart rate and the oxygen uptake as described in literature

Answer 21

steady state

Question 22

________ describing the oxygen uptake and the heart rate have been fully implemented in _________and interfaces to display these values are linked to the dynamics analyzer as a display option.

Answer 22

Steady state equations, Santos Version 1