6 Genetic Research Flashcards
What is genetic research?
The study of heredity (how traits are passed through generations)
Genotype
Underlying biological make up
Phenotype
Observational traits
Where is DNA found?
In the nucleus of every cell of an organism
What is DNA made of?
Two nucleotides that coil around each other in a double helix
What does DNA contain?
The instructions for development, functioning, growth and reproduction of all known biological organisms
Translation
Where strands of DNA are unzipped and read by RNA molecules to produce protein strands
Chromotids
Long strands of DNA usually tangled together
Condensation
When chromotids coil tight like a papering fo form a chromosome
How many chromosomes do humans have?
46 (23 pairs)
Which pairs are XX?
All pairs except from the last one which is XY for males
Genes
Individual sequences of DNA on chromosomes
Pleiotropic
When phenotype traits are programmed by a single gene
Polygenic
When phenotype traits are influenced by a combination of genes
Alleles
You receive one from each parent for each gene
Mendelian inheritance
When traits are determined by the two pairs of genes of the parents
Laws of Mendelian inheritance
- Segregation- traits are either dominant or recessive
2. Independence- varieties of each trait sort independently of each other
When do patterns not follow mendel’s law
- X linked genes: some recessive traits are more prevalent in males
- mutations: natural or environmentally triggered interference in cell division
- polygenic traits: may not be consistent
List genes, chromosomes, dna and genome in order from smallest to largest
DNA
Genes
Chromosomes
Genome
