6. General Terms

Question 1

Malingering

Answer 1

Malingering tends not to be associated with major disorders since it requires a planned response to some undesirable activity that the client would like to avoid. Voluntary produce symptoms in presence of exaggerated voluntary physical symptoms, there is an obvious recognizable goal.

Question 2

Ego syntonic

Answer 2

Ego syntonic – means that behaviors, thoughts or feelings are completely acceptable and no conflict is experienced about them. Any discomfort is thought to emanate from external sources. This is the hallmark experience of PD. It can be contrasted to an Anxiety Disorder or Affective Disorder where the feelings or behaviors are experienced as alien or “ego dystonic” and cause guilt or discomfort.

Question 3

Educational level in ego assessment?

Answer 3

Although educational level can help in ego assessment, it isn’t critical. Whereas developmental level is affected by age, cultural background gives information about how the world is viewed. Reality testing is one parameter of ego functioning important to the person’s ability to make realistic choices for themselves.

Question 4

Factitious disorders vs. hypochondriasis vs. malingering

Answer 4

Factitious disorders vs. hypochondriasis vs. malingering- No other choice fits the criteria of voluntariness necessary for the diagnosis of malingering. Malingering always has a manipulative goal, usually designed to avoid unpleasant tasks or the consequences of negative behavior.

Question 5

Ego alien

Answer 5

synonym for ego dystonic

Ego syntonic: traits of personality, thought behavior and values that are incorporated by the individual, who considers them acceptable and consistent with his or her overall true self.

Question 6

Ego syntonic vs ego dystonic

Answer 6

the group is unusually focused on a single behavioral characteristic. Obsessive compulsive characteristics that inhibit the completion of work are often experienced by clients as appropriate attention to detail. In this sense, the goal of treatment is to help them experience this behavior as a problem – or ego dystonic.

Question 7

Ego syntonic

Answer 7

traits of personality, thought behavior and values that are incorporated by the individual, who considers them acceptable and consistent with his or her overall true self.

Question 8

Ego dystonic

Answer 8

traits of personality, behavior, thought or orientation considered to be unacceptable, repugnant or inconsistent with the individual’s perception – conscious or unconscious- of himself.

Question 9

Milieu therapy

Answer 9

describes a community experience where the total environment is geared toward the therapeutic aims. A residential treatment program is an example of such an environment. Residential and inpatient settings with 24 hour care typically use milieu therapy as their primary helping strategy. Family and individual treatment and groups cannot create a residential milieu.

Question 10

double bind communication

Answer 10

where someone receives two or more conflicting pieces of information, where one piece of information negates the other. The issue is the person cannot resolve the dilemma that is presented because either choice they make will be wrong due to the conflicting pieces of information. Double bind communication places the recipient in a no-win situation.

Example: “Don’t let others tell you what to do!” By listening to this command, you are not following the command.

First formulated by Gregory Bateson, the theory held that double-bind communication caused schizophrenia. Clinical research never supported the theory and it fell into disuse.

Question 11

Diminishing generational boundaries, role reversal, homeostasis, complementarity;

Answer 11

Diminishing generational boundaries, role reversal, homeostasis, complementarity; there is nothing pathological about a child expressing empathy with the parent. As children mature, this emotionally sensitive behavior is to be expected and welcomed in an expression of normal development.

Question 12

Shaping

Answer 12

Vicarious reinforcement, positive reinforcement, differential conditioning, shaping- shaping involves changing behavior in a predetermined way by rewarding steps toward the behavior. In this case, the final goal is speech. Intermediate goals such as vocalizations are rewarded. Shaping is sometimes known as successive approximation.

Question 13

Independent variable, dependent variable, parallel variable, causal variable this is a research design question.

Answer 13

Independent variable, dependent variable, parallel variable, causal variable this is a research design question. The intervention is the independent variable. The dependent variable is the change that is being measured. The other answers have no part in research design.

Question 14

Social Goals Model:

Answer 14

The settlement house movement, the social movement, the labour union movement, and
the women’s movements of the 1930s in USA are the roots of the social goalsmodel (Sullivan et al., 2003). The central focus of this model is on ‘social consciousness’ and ‘social responsibility’. It helpsmembers of the community to work on solving social issues and bringing about social change for oppressed populations. The model has a strong avowed social values stance. Cohen and Mullender (1999) assert that the social goalsmodel is referred to in recent literature as social action group work. The principles of democratic group process are fundamental to this model. Principles guiding practice involving the social goals model include:

clarification of agency policy, positive use of limitations, identification with agency goals, determination of appropriate issues for collective action, and the weighing of alternatives for action and their consequences.

Question 15

Remedial Model

Answer 15

The function of the remedial model is the treatment of individuals. It tends to be clinically
oriented. The model focuses on those who have problems of adjustment in personal and social relations (Fatout, 1992). A worker undergoes this model while dealing with a group of persons with emotional problem or teaching skills of daily living to a group of mentally handicapped children. The group worker, in this model, is viewed as a change agent who facilitates interaction among members of the group to achieve change.

He is in a some-what superior position than the group members whose social skills are impaired or not fully developed. The worker using this model exercises considerable authority, instructs model behaviour for group members, and creates an atmosphere whichmotivates individual growth. The group participants here are regarded as clients rather than embers (Brandler and Roman, 1999). The remedialmodel is widely used in mental health centers, correctional institutions, family service organizations, counseling services, schools, health care facilities, and in many other agencies.

Question 16

Reciprocal Model

Answer 16

The reciprocalmodel has been derived from the systems theory, field theory, social psychological theories of behaviour, and the practice principles that are a part of generic methodology for social work (Skidmore et al., 1988). There is a duality of attention in this model i.e. it serves both the individual and society. In other words, reciprocal model focuses on the major concerns of both social goals model and remedial model at the same time (Fatout, 1992). According to Papell and Rothman (1966), the thrust of thismodel is to establish amutual aid system and worker ormembers do not keep here any preconceived goals. The image of the worker is a mediator or an enabler who is viewed as a part of the worker-client system.

Question 17

Diagnosis deferred:

Answer 17

Diagnosis deferred: info is inadequate to make a formal diagnostic judgment

Question 18

Culturally-bound syndromes:

Answer 18

these conditions resemble the symptoms of a mental disorder but is related directed to the culture
o Brain fog
o Ataque de nervous
o Ghost sickness
o Rootwork

Question 19

Ideas of reference:

Answer 19

incorrect interpretation of a causal incident as having particular or unusual meaning to the person. An inaccurate belief that the behaviors of others or environmental phenomena appear to have some effect on the individual. I.e. a man sees two men talking and thinks that they are talking about him.

Question 20

Wholeness:

Answer 20

changes in one part of a system change the whole system

Question 21

Homeostasis:

Answer 21

when influenced by change, the system (as a whole) will react toward restoration of the status quo (by reacting to one change with another change that will restore the status quo).

Question 22

Negative feedback:

Answer 22

(in family therapy) takes family back to comfortable balance. As the family system reacts, negative feedback is used to bring family back into balance and maintain homeostasis. For example, if a woman wants to leave her young child at day care and go to work, her fear of family disapproval may be enough incentive to change her mind.

Question 23

Positive feedback:

Answer 23

pushes family into changes and the family deviate around from its previous homeostatic state. Positive feedback is used to disturb or unbalance homeostasis. For example, if the same woman decided going to work outside of the home was her choice, positive feedback would be used to get her family to redefine their roles for the changes that must occur in the family system. Positive feedback is often used & created by family therapists in the therapeutic relationship to allow for a more functional family balance to emerge.

Question 24

Non-summativity

Answer 24

the family has an identity of its own; the family system is more than the sum of the individuals who comprise it. For treatment to be successful this family entity must be treated as a whole.

Question 25

Entropy

Answer 25

the natural tendency to move towards disorder and disorganization

Question 26

Equifinality:

Answer 26

same result can come from different causes

Question 27

Equipotentiality:

Answer 27

once case can produce different results.

Question 28

Transference:

Answer 28

refers to emotions transferred to therapist.

Question 29

Counter-transference

Answer 29

refers to emotions transferred from therapist to client.

an unconscious or excessive libidinal or aggressive feeling toward a client.

Question 30

Reflection:

Answer 30

the social worker helps the client to further realize and understand what s/he is feeling and encourages father understanding and expression, can paraphrase what client is saying, this is process associated, where summarization is outcome focused.

Question 31

In kind assistance:

Answer 31

aid provided instead of cash for specific purposes. Reducing cost housing, food, medical care, and transportation are forms of in-kind assistance.

Question 32

Erotomanic delusion:

Answer 32

belief that someone is in love with the person. AKA Clerambault-Kandinsky complex

Question 33

Dyspareunia

Answer 33

painful sexual relations

Question 34

Countertransference

Question 35

Magical thinking:

Answer 35

an individual attributes experience and perceptions to unnatural phenomenon. I.e. one’s thoughts or desires influence the environment or cause events to occur.

Question 36

Primary prevention:

Answer 36

actions taken to keep conditions known to result in disease or social problems from occurring.

Question 37

Secondary prevention:

Answer 37

efforts to limit the extent of severity of a problem, the early identification of its existence, early case findings, isolation of the problem so that its effects on other people or situations are minimized.

Question 38

Tertiary prevention:

Answer 38

rehabilitory efforts by the social worker or the professional to assist a client who has already experienced a problem to recuperate from its effects & develops sufficient strengths to preclude its return. Most forms of clinical intervention can be considered form of tertiary prevention.