6. Evolution

Question 1

Phylogenic tree

Answer 1

branching diagram or “tree” showing the inferred evolutionary relationships among various biological species or other entities—their phylogeny—based upon similarities and differences in their physical or genetic characteristics

Question 2

rooted tree

Answer 2

clear origin of sequences

Question 3

unrooted tree

Answer 3

not known which sequence is the origin

Question 4

parsimony

Answer 4

evolution always take the path that requires least energy
way that requires least mutations eg
that way with least mutations is then most parsimonious

Question 5

Homology

Answer 5

property of several species also present in common ancestor

-> divergent evolution

Question 6

Analogy

Answer 6

property of several species not present in common ancestor

-> convergent evolution

Question 7

Programs for tree calculations

Answer 7

ClustalW
Phylip
Tree