6. Embryology segmentation Flashcards by idhil Unknown

Q

A

Notochord
Day 18

Signals induction of neural plate

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Q

Sclerotome

A

gives rise to vertebrae + ribs

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Q

Lateral plate mesoderm

A

shoulders

sternum

pelvis

limb

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Q

Neural crest cells

A

give rise to bones of face

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Q

Occipital somites & somitomeres

A

give rise to remainder of skull

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Q

Intervertebral discs

A

Nucleus pulposus - Notochord

Annulus fibrosus – Mesnchyme

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Q

Paraxial mesoderm & Lateral plate mesoderm

A

Skeletal muscles

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Q

dermomyotome gives rise to….

A

Infrahyoid

Abdominal wall muscles

Limb muscles

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Q

Remaining cells in the myotome give rise to…

A

Muscles of back

shoulder girdle

intercostal muscles

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Q

Development of limb buds

A

End of 4wk IUL

Limb bud from ventrolateral body wall

Forelimb 1-2 days before hind limb

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Q

7 wk IUL limbs rotate:

A

Upper limb rotates – 90˚ laterally

Extensor muscle lie lateral & posterior

Thumb lie laterally

Lower limb rotates - 90˚ medially

Extensor muscles anteriorly

Big toe medially

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Q

Development of CNS

A

A = Day 17

B= Day 19

C= Day 20

D= Day 21

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Q

Formation of neural tube

A

A= 18 days presomite

B= 20 days presomite

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Q

Dorsal view of embryo

A

A= 22 days

B= 23 days

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Q

Lateral ventricle forms…

A

Telencephalon

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Q

3rd ventricles form…

A

Diencephalon

Q

Aqueduct of sylvius forms…

A

Mesencephalon

Q

4th ventricle forms….

A

Rhombencephalon

Q

Development of spinal cord

A

A = 3rd month

B = 5th month

C = Newborn

Q

Lumbar puncture

A

Child = L4-L5

Adult = L3-L4

Q

Neural Tube Defects/NTDs

A

Failure of closure of the neural groove

Folate deficiency

Q

Spina bifida

A

Splitting of vertebral arches

Common S1-S2 region

Q

Spina bifida – prenatal diagnosis

A

Ultrasound scan

Α – fetoprotein levels in maternal serum & amniotic fluid

By 12 wk IUL arches can be visualized

Q

Spina bifida – Prevention

A

Folic acid (400µg/day) starting at 1 month prior to conception and through the pregnancy

Reduces neural tube defects by 50%

Q

A

Anencephaly

Q

A

Phocomelia

Q

Splanchnic mesoderm

A

Smooth muscle + Cardiac muscle