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MSK > 1. Histology + Embryology of Bone > Flashcards

1. Histology + Embryology of Bone Flashcards

1
Q

Cartilage

A

Chondrocytes + collagen fibres

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2
Q

Types of Cartilage

A

1) Hyaline
2) Elastic
3) Fibrocartilage

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3
Q

Hyaline Cartilage

A

Blue/white translucent appearance

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4
Q

Fibrocartilage

A

small islands of chondrocytes + ground substance

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5
Q

Elastic Cartilage

A

Large number of elastic fibres

Yellow appearance

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6
Q

Percentage of cells in hyaline Cartilage

A

3-5%

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7
Q

Percentage of multiadhesive glycoproteins in hyaline Cartilage

A

5%

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8
Q

Percentage of proteoglycans in hyaline Cartilage

A

9%

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9
Q

Percentage of collagen in hyaline Cartilage

A

15%

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10
Q

Percentage of intercellular water in hyaline Cartilage

A

60-80%

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11
Q

How is Cartilage formed?

A

differentiated multipotent stem cells → chondroid precursor cells → chondroblasts

these secrete type II collagen and GAG

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12
Q

Endochondrial ossification

A

Bone formed in space of destroyed Cartilage

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13
Q

Membranous Ossification

A

Bone formed from membrane

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14
Q

Intra-membranous ossification

A

Misses out Cartilage step, goes directly from mesenchyme

Takes place in formation of flat bones of skull, clavicle + bones of face

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15
Q

Osteoblasts

A
  • Secrete osteoid (type 1 collagen + GAG)
  • osteoid forms hydroxylapatite (crystalline structure)
  • leads to appositional growth (fatter rather than longer bones)
  • not multinucleated
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16
Q

Osteoclasts

A

-breakdown bone matrix

17
Q

Osteocytes

A

An osteoblast in the bony matrix

18
Q

Two types of bone

A

1) Compact

2) Spongy

19
Q

Compact bone

A
  • embedded osteocytes

- layers of cylinders => Haversian canals => Haversian Systems

20
Q

Spongy bone

A
  • network of trabeculae

- spaces filled with yellow + red bone marrow

21
Q

Periosteum

A
  • outer surface of bone
  • osteogenic = can make new bone cells
  • adheres to bone underneath via Sharpley’s fibres

MSK (9 decks)

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