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neuro > 6 Embryology of CNS > Flashcards

6 Embryology of CNS Flashcards

I. Dorsal Ventral organization a. ventral- Shh (sonic hedgehog) b. dorsal= BMP + Vitamin A II. Caudal-Rostral a. caudal= high retinoic acid b. III. Cortical Deep Organization First to last: Marginal (1), 6,5,4,3,2 Radial Glia IV. Neuron/ Glia Balance V. Molecular Signals BMP, noggin/chordin, Shh, TGF-B, RA, notch-1, numb, delta VI. Medical Conditions A. Spina Bifida i. occulta ii. meningocoele iii. myelomeningocoele B. Anencephaly C. Statins interrupt Shh may cause

1
Q

cervical flexure

A

separates the mesencephalic vesicle from the rhombocephalon

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2
Q

cephalic flexure

A

a bend in the brainstem that separates the rhombencephalic vesicle from the rest of the brain stem

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3
Q

alar(wing) plate

A

grows up to form sensory fibers of the dorsal horn

dorsal-ventral organization

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4
Q

basal plate

A

grows up to form motor fibers of the ventral horn

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5
Q

neural crest cells

A

cells at the lip of the neural tube as it closes

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6
Q

neural crest cells: neuronal products (5)

A
  1. dorsal root ganglia
  2. sensory nerve fibers
  3. ganglia of cranial nerves
  4. autonomic ganglia
  5. adrenal medulla
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7
Q

neural crest cells: non-neural products (4)

A
  1. Schwann Cells
  2. Satellite Cells
  3. Leptomeninges
  4. Bones and Connective tissue of face
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8
Q

sulcus limitans

A

separates the basal motor plate from the alar sensory plate, part of how dorsal-ventral organization

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9
Q

brainstem: where are the basal and alar plates located

A

basal plates, Motor, Medial

alar plates, sensory, lateral

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10
Q

rhombocephalon

A

the medulla, pons, and cerebellum: the body’s life support system

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11
Q

telencephalic vesicle

A

lateral ventricles

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12
Q

diencephalic vesicle

A

third ventricle

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13
Q

mesencephalic vesicle

A

cerebral aqueduct

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14
Q

metencephalic and myencephalic vesicles

A

fourth ventricle

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15
Q

mantle zone

A

neuroblasts that form the inner-most layer of the brain, numb signaling

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16
Q

lateral inhibition

A

when developing neurons encourage (prevent) neighbors from also becoming neurons

(neuron-glia balance, delta-notch signaling)

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17
Q

marginal zone

A

neuroblasts that form the outer-most layer of the brain, notch signaling

18
Q

spinal chord; marginal zone

A

white matter

19
Q

spinal chord: mantle zone

A

grey matter

20
Q

migration of cortical neurons: which layers migrate first?

A

From First to Last

1, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2

21
Q

radial glia

A

glia that promote migration of neuroblasts during layering of the cortex

22
Q

BMP

A

bone morphogenic factor, an anti-neuron signal

23
Q

noggin and chordin

A

promote neuron formation by

blocking BMP

24
Q

Shh

A

sonic hedgehog
ventral identity
dorso-ventral organization

25
Q

BMP + Vitamin A

A

dorsal identity

dorso-ventral organization

26
Q

Retinoic Acid

A

caudal identity, Hox expression

27
Q

notch-1

A

marginal (outer) zone formation during cortical development

28
Q

numb

A

mantle (deep) zone formation during cortical development

29
Q

neurogenin

A

promote nerve development

depends on notch-delta signaling

30
Q

delta

A

inhibits neurogenin in neighboring cells

31
Q

lateral ventricles

A

telencephalic vesicles

32
Q

third ventricle

A

diencephalic vesicle

33
Q

cerebral aqueduct

A

mesencephalic vesicle

34
Q

fourth ventricle

A

metenecphalic and myelencephalic vesicle

35
Q

Rx: anencephaly

A

failure of closure of the anterior neuropore (lethal)

36
Q

Rx: spina bifida

A

failure of closure of the posterior neuropore

37
Q

Rx: spina bifida occulta

A

a type of spina bifida so minor many people don’t notice

38
Q

Rx: meningocoele

A

a type of spina bifida that involves a bulge of the meninges

39
Q

Rx: myelomeningocoele

A

a type of spina bifida that involves a bulga of meninges and herniation of spinal chord

40
Q

Rx: holoproencephaly

A

a defect in Shh (sonic hedgehog) ventral signaling that produces fusion of midline structures

symptoms include a single ventricle and eye

41
Q

Rx: statins

A

disrupt Shh-cholesterol signaling, may result in holoproencephaly

neuro (10 decks)

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