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neuro > 0 Introduction > Flashcards

0 Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

proencephalon

A

forebrain

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2
Q

mesencephalon

A

midbrain

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3
Q

rhombencephalon

A

hindbrain

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4
Q

telencephalon

A

tele- end

cerebral cortex structures

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5
Q

diencephalon

A

thalamus, hypothalamus, associated structures

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6
Q

hindbrain

A

pons, cerebellum

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7
Q

mentencephalon

A

cerebellum

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8
Q

myelencephalon

A

medulla

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9
Q

fascicle

A

a bundle of nerve fibers, roughly the same as a tract

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10
Q

lemniscus

A

a type of bundle

secondary sensory nerve fibers that terminate in the brainstem

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11
Q

bundle

A

a collection of nerve fibers

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12
Q

commissure

A

nerve fibers that cross the midline at their level of entry

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13
Q

thoracolumbar division

A

sympathetic nervous system

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14
Q

craniosacral division

A

parasympathetic nervous system

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15
Q

rhinal sulcus

A

sepateas the fusiform gyri from the parahippocampal gyrus

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16
Q

tonotropic representation

A

the frequency of sound is encoded based on how it makes different parts of the cochlear membrane vibrate

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17
Q

Layer I

A

molecular layer

dendrites and axons from other layers

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18
Q

Layer II

A

small pyramidal layer

cortical-cortical connection

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19
Q

Layer III

A

medium pyramidal layer

cortical-cortical connections

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20
Q

Lyer IV

A

granular layer

receives inputs from the thalamus

21
Q

Layer V

A

large pyramidal layer

sends outputs to subcortical regions

22
Q

Layer VI

A

polymorphic layer

sends outputs to the thalamus

23
Q

corticospinal tract

A

aka pyramidal tract
the primary motor tract
decussates at medulla’s pyramidal decussation

24
Q

upper motor neurons

A

motor neurons that project from the cortex down to the pyramid or spinal chord

25
Q

lower motor neurons

A

anterior horns of grey matter

26
Q

ataxia

A

loss of balance

27
Q

Parkinson’s

A

infrequent, slow, rigid movements

28
Q

Huntington’s

A

hyperkinetic movement disorder

29
Q

posterior (dorsal) column pathways

A

convey proprioception, vibration, pressure, fine discriminative touch

30
Q

anterolateral pathways

A

convey pain, temperature, and brush

31
Q

monosynaptic stretch reflex

A

signals from type Ia muscle sensory fibers synapse directly onto lower motor neurons (LMNs)

32
Q

reticular formation

A

controls levels of consciousness

33
Q

unimodal association cortex

A

higher order processing takes place mostly for a single sensory modality

34
Q

hetermodal association cortex

A

involves integration functions of multiple modalities

35
Q

Wernicke’s Area

A

understanding written and spoken language

36
Q

Broca’ area

A

frontal lobe, speech production

37
Q

Broca’s aphasia

A

a failure to comprehend and convey language

38
Q

agnosia

A

inability to recognize objects

occipital temporal border injury

39
Q

apraxia

A

inability to execute learned, purposeful movements

40
Q

anosognosia

A

when a patient is unaware of disease

noso-disease

41
Q

abulic

A

not ebullient

42
Q

magnetic gait

A

feet seem attached to the floor

43
Q

prosopagnosia

A

inability to recognize faces
prosopon- face
agnosia- not knowing

44
Q

achromatopsia

A

decreased color vision

45
Q

palinopsia

A

palin- against
opsia- seeing
images persist, sometimes after the stimulus has left

46
Q

internal carotid artery

A

supplies the middle and anterior cerebral arteries

47
Q

vertebral arteries

A

fuse to form the vertebral artery which supplies the posterior cerebral artery

48
Q

basilar artery

A

gives rise to the pontine arteries and posterior cerebral arteries

neuro (10 decks)

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