0 Introduction

Question 1

proencephalon

Answer 1

forebrain

Question 2

mesencephalon

Answer 2

midbrain

Question 3

rhombencephalon

Answer 3

hindbrain

Question 4

telencephalon

Answer 4

tele- end

cerebral cortex structures

Question 5

diencephalon

Answer 5

thalamus, hypothalamus, associated structures

Question 6

hindbrain

Answer 6

pons, cerebellum

Question 7

mentencephalon

Answer 7

cerebellum

Question 8

myelencephalon

Answer 8

medulla

Question 9

fascicle

Answer 9

a bundle of nerve fibers, roughly the same as a tract

Question 10

lemniscus

Answer 10

a type of bundle

secondary sensory nerve fibers that terminate in the brainstem

Question 11

bundle

Answer 11

a collection of nerve fibers

Question 12

commissure

Answer 12

nerve fibers that cross the midline at their level of entry

Question 13

thoracolumbar division

Answer 13

sympathetic nervous system

Question 14

craniosacral division

Answer 14

parasympathetic nervous system

Question 15

rhinal sulcus

Answer 15

sepateas the fusiform gyri from the parahippocampal gyrus

Question 16

tonotropic representation

Answer 16

the frequency of sound is encoded based on how it makes different parts of the cochlear membrane vibrate

Question 17

Layer I

Answer 17

molecular layer

dendrites and axons from other layers

Question 18

Layer II

Answer 18

small pyramidal layer

cortical-cortical connection

Question 19

Layer III

Answer 19

medium pyramidal layer

cortical-cortical connections

Question 20

Lyer IV

Answer 20

granular layer

receives inputs from the thalamus

Question 21

Layer V

Answer 21

large pyramidal layer

sends outputs to subcortical regions

Question 22

Layer VI

Answer 22

polymorphic layer

sends outputs to the thalamus

Question 23

corticospinal tract

Answer 23

aka pyramidal tract
the primary motor tract
decussates at medulla’s pyramidal decussation

Question 24

upper motor neurons

Answer 24

motor neurons that project from the cortex down to the pyramid or spinal chord

Question 25

lower motor neurons

Answer 25

anterior horns of grey matter

Question 26

ataxia

Answer 26

loss of balance

Question 27

Parkinson's

Answer 27

infrequent, slow, rigid movements

Question 28

Huntington's

Answer 28

hyperkinetic movement disorder

Question 29

posterior (dorsal) column pathways

Answer 29

convey proprioception, vibration, pressure, fine discriminative touch

Question 30

anterolateral pathways

Answer 30

convey pain, temperature, and brush

Question 31

monosynaptic stretch reflex

Answer 31

signals from type Ia muscle sensory fibers synapse directly onto lower motor neurons (LMNs)

Question 32

reticular formation

Answer 32

controls levels of consciousness

Question 33

unimodal association cortex

Answer 33

higher order processing takes place mostly for a single sensory modality

Question 34

hetermodal association cortex

Answer 34

involves integration functions of multiple modalities

Question 35

Wernicke's Area

Answer 35

understanding written and spoken language

Question 36

Broca' area

Answer 36

frontal lobe, speech production

Question 37

Broca's aphasia

Answer 37

a failure to comprehend and convey language

Question 38

agnosia

Answer 38

inability to recognize objects occipital temporal border injury

Question 39

apraxia

Answer 39

inability to execute learned, purposeful movements

Question 40

anosognosia

Answer 40

when a patient is unaware of disease noso-disease

Question 41

abulic

Answer 41

not ebullient

Question 42

magnetic gait

Answer 42

feet seem attached to the floor

Question 43

prosopagnosia

Answer 43

inability to recognize faces prosopon- face agnosia- not knowing

Question 44

achromatopsia

Answer 44

decreased color vision

Question 45

palinopsia

Answer 45

palin- against opsia- seeing images persist, sometimes after the stimulus has left

Question 46

internal carotid artery

Answer 46

supplies the middle and anterior cerebral arteries

Question 47

vertebral arteries

Answer 47

fuse to form the vertebral artery which supplies the posterior cerebral artery

Question 48

basilar artery

Answer 48

gives rise to the pontine arteries and posterior cerebral arteries