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neuro > 15 Olfaction and Taste > Flashcards

15 Olfaction and Taste Flashcards

I. Introduction II.Trigeminal System: low sensitivity, general noxious III. Olfactory System IV. Gustatory System distribution of papialle, what they sense, how they're innervated mechanisms of sensing different stimuli physiology: across fiber response is important know charts of stimulus distribution The focus of this lecture is physiology It is also important to know anatomy there is a conspicuous absence of Rx

1
Q

trigeminal system

A

sensory nerve endings in the oral and nasal cavities, it plays a protective role

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2
Q

TRP

A

a sodium and calcium channel that responds to temperature and spiciness (capsacin and menthol)

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3
Q

olfactory system has _____ sensitivity and a ____ range of discrimination

A

high; broad

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4
Q

goofy: butyl mercaptan

A

skunk smell

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5
Q

anosmias

A

selective olfactory defects

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6
Q

goofy: asparagine

A

smelly odor from asparagus

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7
Q

vomeronasal organ

A

a system that detects pheromones in animals. it’s role in humans is likely absent

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8
Q

basal cells

A

precursors for additional olfactory neurons (neurogenesis occurs here)

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9
Q

granule cells

A

?

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10
Q

mitral cells

A

the principal projection neurons of the olfactory bulb, and are the only
ones to project to other regions of the brain

HIGH CONVERGENCE and specificity in glomeruli

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11
Q

periglomerular cells

A

?

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12
Q

glomeruli

A

ends of receptor cell axons and mitral cell dendrites

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13
Q

olfactory cilia

A

site of greatest sensitivity to odorants

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14
Q

odorant receptor: what class?

A

G-protein coupled receptor

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15
Q

Golf

A

G-protein coupled to an olfactory receptor and a cAMP dependent channel

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16
Q

IP3

A

some odorants rely on a phospholipase C pathway

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17
Q

coding of olfactory stimuli

A

cortical neurons compare information from multiple receptor types

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18
Q

across fiber pattern

A

the code for a particular quality is determined by the pattern of activity across all of the afferent nerve fibers, rather than by activity in any single nerve fiber
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK27946/

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19
Q

labeled line

A

one receptor for one taste, this model doesn’t appear to be true
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK27946/

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20
Q

pyriform cortex

A

emotional processing of odors

21
Q

entorhinal cortex

A

memory and odor

22
Q

locus ceruleus (olfaction)

A

increases sensitivity to odor

23
Q

what is more sensitive: taste or odor?

A

odor

24
Q

fungiform papillae

A

taste buds at top

Facial Nerve

25
Q

vallate papillae

A

large, base of tongue (1/2 of taste buds)
taste buds at side of papillae
Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN IX)

26
Q

follate

A

edges of tongue
taste buds at sid
Glossopharyngeal Nerve and Facial Nerve

27
Q

filoform papillae

A

no taste buds

28
Q

super taster

A

higher density of taste bud-containing fungiform papillae

29
Q

taste: support cells

A

support taste cells

30
Q

taste: basal cells

A

responsible for replenishing cells

31
Q

taste: taste cells

A

one of 3 different cells types that work together to produce/ sustain taste

lack an axon

32
Q

nucleus of the solitary tract (NST)

A

first stop for taste, controls coughing and gaging reflexes

33
Q

VPM

A

sends inputs to the gustatory cortex in the insula

34
Q

salty: whr are receptors located/ innervated?

A

funigform, CN V

35
Q

sour: whr are receptors located/ innervated?

A

folliate papillae, CNIX and CN V

36
Q

bitter: whr are receptors located/ innervated?

A

vallate papillae, CN IX

37
Q

amiloride sensitive channel

A

non-voltage gated channels that directly sense salt

38
Q

salt: sensation mechanism

A

direct sensation of salt via amiloride channel

39
Q

sour sensation mechanism

A

direct sensation of acid

40
Q

sweet

A

G-protein coupled receptor system,
uses TIR receptor and phospholipase C
similar to bitter, umami

41
Q

bitter

A

G-protein coupled receptor system,
uses TIR receptor and phospholipase C
similar to sweet, umami

42
Q

umami

A

G-protein coupled receptor system for glutamate,

uses TIR receptor and phospholipase C
similar to sweet, bitter

43
Q

insula

A

flavor, an integration of texture, taste, smell

44
Q

atrophic rhinitis

A

reduced olfactory abilities

45
Q

diabetes

A

reduced olfactory abilities

46
Q

chronic renal failure

A

reduced olfactory and gustatory abilities

47
Q

alzheimer’s disease

A

reduced olfactory abilities due to loss of receptors

48
Q

cystic fibrosis

A

enhanced olfactory and gustatory abilities, may be due to thicker mucous trapping odorants

49
Q

epilepsy

A

enhanced olfactory and gustatory abilities

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