6 Doors, Windows, and Skylights Flashcards
1
Q
What are the primary functions of doors, windows, and skylights?
A
They must be durable yet movable, let in light yet keep out rain, admit guests but deny drafts.
1
Q
What is the R-value in relation to window performance?
A
The R-value is the ability of a material to resist heat flow through it. Higher R-values indicate better insulation.
2
Q
What factors should be considered when ordering doors?
A
- Interior versus exterior
- Prehung vs. unframed
- Width
- Height
- Jambs
- Swing
- Type and style
2
Q
What components make up a window frame?
A
A window frame consists of jambs, a sloped sill, stops, and may include casing.
3
Q
What distinguishes exterior doors from interior doors?
A
Exterior doors are generally thicker, more expensive, more weather-resistant, and more secure.
3
Q
What are the main elements of a double-hung window?
A
Key elements include muntins, upper sash, side jamb, parting bead, pulley, meeting rail, sash weight, interior stop, sash cord or chain, lower sash, pocket cover, stool, and apron.
4
Q
What is a prehung door?
A
A door that comes fitted to a frame, with hinges mortised into a jamb.
4
Q
What materials are commonly used for window frames?
A
- Aluminum
- Wood
- Clad
- Vinyl
- Fiberglass
5
Q
What are the two types of jambs that distinguish door frames?
A
- Hinge jamb
- Latch jamb (also called strike jamb or lock jamb)
5
Q
Which window frame material has the best insulating level?
A
Clad frames offer the best insulating level.
6
Q
What is the standard width for interior doors?
A
2 ft. 6 in. and 2 ft. 8 in.
6
Q
What is the U-factor?
A
The U-factor is an aggregate measure of how well non-solar heat flows through a window’s glazing and frame; lower U-factors indicate better performance.
7
Q
Fill in the blank: Standard exterior doors are _____ wide.
A
3 ft. 0 in.
7
Q
True or False: The lower the U-factor, the better the window’s energy performance.
A
True
8
Q
What is the standard door height for newer houses?
A
6 ft. 8 in.
8
Q
What are the three basic options for replacing windows?
A
- Replacement sashes
- Window insert
- New-construction window
9
Q
What is the role of shims during installation?
A
They help level and plumb windows and doors within rough openings.
9
Q
What is a replacement sash?
A
A replacement sash is a new sash installed into an existing frame, typically used when the frame and sill are in decent shape.
10
Q
True or False: Most doors, windows, and skylights are preassembled in factories.
A
True
10
Q
What is a window insert?
A
A window insert is a rigid frame and sash assembly that fits inside an existing frame, providing better air sealing and energy efficiency.
11
Q
What is a rough opening (RO)?
A
The space in which a door or window frame is installed, typically 1/2 in. to 1 in. wider and taller than the frame.
11
Q
When is a new-construction window necessary?
A
A new-construction window is necessary when there is water damage and rot present, requiring the complete removal of the existing window.
12
Q
What is the difference between inswing and outswing doors?
A
Inswing doors open inward, while outswing doors open outward.
12
Q
What is double glazing?
A
Double glazing consists of two glass panes separated by spacers, creating an airtight space for insulation.
13
What should be done to ensure energy efficiency in exterior doors with glass panels?
They should be double glazed at the least.
13
What gases are commonly used for filling the space between glass panes?
* Argon
* Krypton
14
What hardware is typically used for exterior locksets?
* Cylinder locks
* Mortise locks
14
What is the purpose of low-emissivity (low-e) coatings?
Low-e coatings selectively reflect heat back into a room or block sunlight to reduce solar gain.
15
Fill in the blank: The thicker vertical elements on a frame-and-panel door are called _____ .
stiles
15
Define visible transmittance (VT).
VT is the amount of visible light that enters through the window, with values ranging from 0 to 1; higher values are better.
16
What are lights in the context of French doors?
Glass panes in French doors.
16
What does the solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC) indicate?
SHGC indicates the percentage of solar heat that passes through the glazing; higher numbers are better for passive solar gain in cold regions.
17
What kind of locks are typically used for bathroom doors?
Specialized locksets with a chrome bathroom-facing knob.
17
What does air leakage (AL) measure?
Air leakage measures the movement of air through a window system, with lower values being better.
18
What type of doors should be avoided for outdoor use?
Interior doors.
18
What is condensation resistance (CR)?
CR predicts less condensation, with higher ratings indicating better performance.
19
What is the purpose of a threshold in door installation?
To provide a weather-resistant seal at the bottom of the door.
19
What is the role of the National Fenestration Rating Council (NFRC)?
The NFRC independently rates the energy efficiency of windows, doors, and skylights.
20
What is the typical thickness of exterior door jambs?
11⁄2-in.-thick stock.
20
How are window dimensions typically stated?
Window dimensions are typically stated as pairs of numbers, with the first number indicating width.
21
What is the primary advantage of using prehung doors?
They save time in the installation process.
21
Fill in the blank: A window with a callout size of 4030 denotes an RO of _______.
[4 ft. 0 in. by 3 ft. 0 in.]
22
What is the recommended way to store doors at a work site?
In a dry place out of harm's way, with packaging undisturbed.
22
What is the best practice for measuring window openings?
Measure the width in three places from top to bottom and the height in three places from side to side, using the smallest readings.
23
What are the three types of jamb options for non-standard wall widths?
* Jamb extensions
* Custom-milled jambs
* Split jambs
23
What should be avoided when upgrading windows regarding the exterior casing?
Avoid disturbing the exterior casing to maintain weather-tightness.
24
What is a common method for installing prehung doors?
Screwing or nailing the unit into a rough opening.
24
What is a pro tip for retrofitting cap flashing?
Cut back siding nails 2 in. to 4 in. above the opening to slide the top leg of the cap flashing under the building paper and siding.
25
What is the recommended finish for exterior doors?
A UV- and water-resistant finish.
25
What must be ensured before installing window inserts?
Ensure jambs are straight and plumb, and check for rot in the opening.
26
What is the typical size for hinges on solid-wood exterior doors?
Three 4-in. by 4-in. hinges.
26
What should be checked before installing new jambs?
Rot and the straightness of jambs
## Footnote
Inspect the opening for rot and ensure jambs are straight and plumb.
27
What are the advantages of outswing doors?
Better at sealing out drafts and water.
27
What is the width of the new jamb liners?
31⁄2 in.
## Footnote
Jamb liners must seat against the exterior stop.
28
What are the two methods for installing a door frame?
Method 1: Leave the door in the frame and install it together.
Method 2: Remove the door, install the frame, then replace the door.
28
How are jamb liners secured in place?
By a series of metal installation clips
## Footnote
Clips should be placed approximately 4 in. below the head jamb and above the sill.
29
What is a benefit of Method 1?
It is quicker and reduces the chances of damaging the door.
29
What must be done to ensure that vinyl jamb liners snap onto clips?
Level the clips and install them 1⁄16 in. away from the exterior stop.
30
What is a key advantage of Method 2?
The frame is lighter and allows better visibility for shimming and adjusting.
30
How are sashes seated in the jamb liners?
Via a locking terminal assembly.
31
What should you check when assessing the rough opening (RO)?
* Height and width of the RO.
* Thickness of walls.
* Plumbness of trimmer studs.
* Level of the floor.
31
What tool is needed to pull the four assemblies into position before installing sashes?
A screwdriver.
32
What is the standard width allowance for a rough opening compared to the door width?
Typically 2 inches wider than the door.
32
What should be done if old jambs are not flat?
Inspect for rot and repair any issues.
33
What is the typical height of a rough opening from the subfloor?
82 inches.
33
What angle should the sill fin match before installing the insert frame?
The angle of the existing sill.
34
What should the bottom of the door have in terms of clearance?
Approximately 1/4 inch of clearance.
34
What should be measured to ensure the jambs are equidistant?
Multiple readings from jamb to jamb.
35
What is the standard thickness of interior 2x4 walls covered with 1/2-inch drywall?
4 1/2 inches.
35
What is the purpose of jamb jack screws in the Marvin insert system?
To adjust the position of the jambs.
36
What should you do if drywall runs past the trimmers?
Cut it back flush with the edge of the opening.
36
What should be done if there are access panels for sash weights?
Open them and pack the cavity with loose insulation.
37
What is the purpose of using pairs of shims with their tapers pointing in opposite directions?
To create an even gap between a door jamb and a stud.
37
What is the recommended method to seal the exposed wood after cutting into a primed surface?
Seal the exposed wood before installation.
38
True or False: The hinge jamb is the critical part of most door installations.
True.
38
What is the purpose of applying self-adhesive flashing tape around the perimeter of the opening?
To create an air seal around the new window.
39
When should you trim the bottom rail of the door?
If it patterns the carpet or abrades the finish floor.
39
What should be used to create a raised lip on the sill pan?
Double the flashing lip along the inside edge.
40
What tool is recommended for making a clean cut when trimming a door?
A circular saw with a sharp Mastercut® blade.
40
What is recommended to do if double-hung sashes require too much effort to operate?
Check if the sash weights are too small.
41
What should be done to the saw sole to ensure a smooth cut?
Degum it with turpentine or paint thinner, then rub it with a metal-polishing cloth or paraffin.
41
What type of wood were older windows often constructed from?
Fine-grained, rot-resistant fir, cypress, or redwood.
42
What is the recommended reveal gap between the door and the hinge jamb?
Typically about 1/8 inch.
42
What is the suggested space between operable sashes and jambs?
3⁄16 in. on each side, totaling 3⁄8 in.
43
What should you do once the reveal is even on all sides?
Nail the frame securely using a pair of finish nails at each shimming point.
43
What is a common method for trimming swollen or out-of-square sashes?
Using a Festool® system.
44
If you need to reduce the width of a door, which stile should you plane?
The hinge stile.
44
What should be done to sash cords?
They should be long enough to knot at both ends.
45
What is the purpose of applying caulking around the exterior of the rough opening?
To prevent sticky fingers lifting the casing into place.
45
What type of weatherstripping is most commonly used for movable sashes?
Friction-fit weatherstripping.
46
What should you do after planing down the hinge stile?
Mortise the hinge gains deeper using a small router.
46
What should be done to sash channels to allow windows to move easily?
Rub paraffin along the jambs.
47
What should be done after trimming the shims flush?
Install handles, locksets, and door casings.
47
What is the recommended action if cracked glass or tired glazing compound is found?
Attend to it before priming and painting.
48
True or False: Installing a prehung exterior door is significantly different from an interior door installation.
False.
48
What tool is best for removing metal weatherstripping from jambs?
A flat pry bar.
49
What is the first step after checking the reveal around the door?
Trim the shims flush using a utility knife, a Japanese saw, or an oscillating multitool.
49
What should be done to the frame before reinstalling the interior stops?
Check that the sashes slide freely and seat well.
50
How does installing a prehung exterior door compare to an interior door installation?
It is much the same, but exterior doors require additional weatherproofing.
50
What is the first step in installing new-construction windows?
Replace old head and pan flashings.
51
What should be done if rot is discovered in the existing door frame?
Attend to the rot before installing a new unit.
51
What should be done after the frame is shimmed and secure?
Apply a second layer of flexible, self-adhesive flashing.
52
What is the primary concern when prepping the opening for an exterior door?
Leveling and weatherproofing the bottom of the opening.
52
What should be done to loose finishes on the sash before priming and painting?
Remove loose or built-up finishes
## Footnote
This ensures a clean surface for better adhesion of paint.
53
What materials should be used to cover the work area during an exterior door installation?
Tarps to contain the mess and heavy cardboard to protect finish floors.
53
What is the purpose of using a router when adding weatherstripping to movable sashes?
To cut two slots along each sash stile
## Footnote
Slots should be set back 1⁄4 in. to 3⁄8 in. from stile edges.
54
What does the rough opening (RO) typically measure in relation to the door?
The RO will be 2 in. wider than the door, or 1/2 in. to 1 in. taller and wider than the framed unit.
54
What type of weatherstripping is commonly used in this process?
Friction-fit weatherstripping
## Footnote
It typically has a barbed neoprene side and a feathery nylon brush side.
55
What is the recommended installation for a sill pan?
Fold its ends and back edge up to confine any water that gets under the sill.
55
What should be done to bare wood surfaces before reattaching sashes?
Prime all bare wood surfaces
## Footnote
Painting them at this stage is also recommended.
56
What should you use to weatherproof the sides of the RO before installing the door?
Building paper or housewrap folded into the opening or flexible, self-adhesive flashing tape.
56
What should be lubricated before reattaching sash cords?
Pulley wheels
## Footnote
This prevents squeaking when the sashes are moved.
57
How should the door frame be centered in the rough opening?
Center it right to left with 1/4 in. to 1/2 in. of clearance around the frame.
57
What is the first step in the glazing process?
Wear safety glasses and gloves when removing old glass and putty
## Footnote
Protects against injury during removal.
58
What indicates that the door frame is square?
An even reveal (gap) between the door and the jambs all the way around.
58
How should old putty be softened for removal?
Using a hair dryer or rubbing alcohol
## Footnote
Do not combine heat and alcohol.
59
What is one way to level an exterior doorsill?
Insert pressure-treated wood shims under the sill until it reads level.
59
When cutting glass, how much smaller should the piece be than the frame opening?
1⁄8 in. smaller
## Footnote
This ensures a proper fit within the frame.
60
What is a common method to fill spaces under a shimmed-up sill?
Use a 1/4-in. tuck-pointing trowel to push dry-pack mortar into the spaces.
60
What should be applied around the perimeter of the frame before placing the glass?
A bead of acrylic latex with silicone
## Footnote
This acts as a sealant for the glass.
61
What is the recommended frequency for refinishing wood doors?
Every one to three years.
61
What is the recommended spacing for glazier’s points when securing the glass?
Every 6 in. around the perimeter
## Footnote
At least two points per side are necessary.
62
What material is recommended for doors in areas with strong winds or sun?
A fiberglass or steel door may be more durable if the overhang is less than recommended.
62
What should be done to the putty after applying it around the glass?
Trim excess putty
## Footnote
Use a putty knife held at a 45° angle to the glass.
63
What is the energy profile of quality wood doors?
Not great, with an average R-value of 2, although more efficient ones can achieve R-5.
63
What is a key characteristic of laminated glass?
Impact-resistance and sound-deadening qualities
## Footnote
It has a plastic core between two layers of glass.
64
What is the typical price range for fiberglass entry doors?
$175 to $2,200.
64
What should be considered when selecting a skylight?
Quality of the manufacturer, type (ventilating or fixed), energy efficiency
## Footnote
Additional factors include flashing type and presence of tempered glass.
65
What should you avoid when selecting weatherstripping for doors?
Weatherseals that are held in place by an adhesive.
65
Which type of skylight is better for minimizing heat loss?
Units with thermal breaks and sealed wood frames
## Footnote
Continuous metal frames can wick out indoor heat.
66
What is the purpose of a sweep gasket?
To seal the bottom of the door and block air or water.
66
What is the most common skylight width?
32 in.
## Footnote
This width typically requires cutting only one rafter.
67
What type of hinges are typically included with standard exterior doors?
Standard 4-in. by 4-in. butt hinges.
67
What should be done before cutting ceiling joists when framing a skylight opening?
Support them with a strongback
## Footnote
This prevents sagging during the cutting process.
68
Fill in the blank: The outer lip of the sill pan must overlap any _______ beneath the sill.
exterior flashing
68
What tool can be used to cut through roof sheathing?
Circular saw with a demolition blade
## Footnote
A reciprocating saw can also be used by skilled individuals.
69
True or False: Steel entry doors require repainting every year.
False
69
What is the purpose of strongbacks in skylight framing?
To prevent ceiling joists from sagging
## Footnote
Strongbacks are nailed to the tops of ceiling joists.
70
What size hinges are commonly used for modestly priced exterior doors?
Standard 4-in. by 4-in. butt hinges
## Footnote
Wider doors exert more torque on hinges as they swing.
70
What should be done to drywall joints after installing a skylight?
Apply joint compound generously and sand carefully
## Footnote
Heat buildup can cause the compound to shrink.
71
What hinge sizes should be considered for oversize or wooden doors?
41⁄2-in. or 5-in. ball-bearing hinges
71
What tool is used to pry out the sheathing?
A flat bar
72
What are adjustable hinges used for?
To accommodate vertical and horizontal adjustments in doors
72
What is the purpose of a shingle ripper?
To slide under the shingles and break the self-sealing spots
73
What is the purpose of a dead bolt in a door lock assembly?
To prevent dislodgment by a kick
73
What should be done to ensure the lower end wall and sidewall studs are positioned correctly?
They should be plumb
74
What is a multipoint locking system?
A system that secures two or more sides of the entry door to the door frame
74
What is the function of metal connectors in skylight framing?
To strengthen joints
75
What should be done before installing a prehung exterior in-swing door?
Remove the door and test-fit the frame in the opening
75
What should be done to rafters and joists running along the sides of openings?
Double them up
76
What is the purpose of shimming the hinge jamb first during installation?
To ensure it is plumb for correct door alignment
76
What should be marked using a framing square when the upper wall of the lightwell is perpendicular to the rafters?
A square cut back 3 in. from the edge of the opening
77
What is the recommended gap between the door and the jambs?
Typically 1⁄8 in.
77
What is the recommended method for cutting shingles?
Use a utility knife with a hooked blade
78
What should be done if the hinge jamb is not plumb?
Insert a flat bar to pry the frame out until it is plumb
78
What should be removed before cutting through the roof sheathing to avoid gumming up the blade?
Building paper
79
How should shims be placed when shimming exterior door frames?
At five points along each side jamb, behind each hinge and spaced in between
79
What is the best practice for framing the lightwell?
Install temporary braces to the ceiling joists below
80
What is the purpose of using pairs of 10d galvanized finish nails in door frame installation?
To prevent the frame from twisting
80
What angle must be marked on the face of the trimmer rafters when framing the lower end of the lightwell?
An obtuse angle (greater than 90°)
81
What is the preferred type of insulation to use in the cavity between jambs and framing?
Loose fiberglass or recycled cotton insulation
81
Fill in the blank: The length of the lightwell should be cut a little _______.
long
82
What should be avoided when filling cavities with insulation?
High-expansion foam
82
What is a common size for skylights that fit between rafters set 16 in. on center?
14 1/2 in. or 30 1/2 in. wide
83
What is a reveal in door casing installation?
A 1/4-in. setback from the jamb edges
83
What is a recommended approach when sizing skylights for a space?
Err on the conservative side
84
What should be done to the edges or faces of the frame before installing exterior casing?
Prime or paint them
84
What type of light is preferred when positioning skylights on roofs?
North- and east-facing roofs yield the most even light
85
What is the purpose of cap flashing in door installation?
To direct water away from the sheathing
85
What is a suggested method for visualizing the lightwell's size and shape?
Using painter's tape to mark corners on the ceiling
86
True or False: The head jamb should be shimmed to prevent bowing into the opening.
True
86
What should be avoided when positioning skylights?
Cutting rafters or ceiling joists
87
Fill in the blank: The frame should be secured with pairs of _______ finish nails.
10d galvanized
87
What should be done if more than one rafter must be cut?
Have an engineer review your plans
88
What is one method to air-seal gaps around the frame?
Apply self-adhesive flashing tape
88
What is the first step in the installation of skylights according to manufacturer instructions?
Screw the mounting brackets to the sides of the skylight curb
89
How should the casing corners be secured during installation?
Drive a finish nail through corner miter joints
89
What should be applied before installing the unit’s apron, side flashing, and head flashing?
Building paper or self-adhering membrane underlayment
90
What should be done if a door hits the edge of the latch jamb?
Adjust shims behind the hinge jamb or check for bowing in the jamb
90
What is the purpose of the apron flashing?
It runs along the lower edge of the skylight and overlaps the shingles below
91
What type of flashing is recommended to be applied over the upper leg of cap flashing?
A flashing strip or piece of flashing tape
91
What should the vertical leg of each piece of step-flashing do?
Extend high enough to be protected from rain by curb caps
92
What is the purpose of head flashing in door installation?
To ensure water drips beyond the head casing and prevents leaks.
## Footnote
Head flashing can be fabricated by sheet-metal shops or purchased preformed.
92
What is the last step in the skylight installation process?
Installing cladding (curb caps)
93
What is critical when installing French doors?
The subfloor of the opening must be level.
## Footnote
Insufficient support can cause thresholds to flex, misalign, and leak.
93
What should lightwells be covered with to reflect light?
Drywall painted a light color
94
What should be used to seal the sheathing/foundation joint during installation?
A self-adhesive bituminous waterproofing membrane.
## Footnote
This membrane is covered by galvanized sheet metal.
94
What type of drywall is recommended for lightwells due to condensation?
Water-resistant (WR) drywall, often called greenboard
95
What is the recommended spacing for shims under the sill of French doors?
Every 6 in. to 8 in.
## Footnote
This provides a solid foundation to prevent flex.
95
What should be mounted to the sheathing?
Small L-shaped brackets
## Footnote
These brackets are used to secure the unit's mounting.
96
How should the frame be positioned in the rough opening (RO) during installation?
Center the frame in the RO and margin the frame in the wall.
## Footnote
Use a 10d finish nail to tack the frame in place.
96
After mounting brackets are screwed to the sheathing, what should be wrapped around the curb?
Building paper or self-adhering membrane
## Footnote
This step is essential for waterproofing.
97
What is the ideal gap between double doors when installed?
1/8 in.
## Footnote
This gap ensures proper alignment and operation.
97
What overlays the shingles below?
The apron’s bottom flange
## Footnote
This ensures proper water runoff.
98
What tool is recommended for more accurate readings when jambs are bowed?
A plumb bob.
## Footnote
It gives more accurate readings than a spirit level.
98
What are the two pieces of head flashing?
Base and cap
## Footnote
These components work together to prevent water infiltration.
99
What should be done if there is too much of a gap where French doors meet?
Use a flat bar to ease the jambs toward the middle and slip shims behind them.
## Footnote
Continually tweak and reshim until they seat correctly.
99
How should the base piece of head flashing be positioned?
Under the course of shingles above
## Footnote
This positioning is crucial for effective water management.
100
What are the steps to fine-tune the installation of French doors?
1. Ease off shims behind hinge jambs if doors hit in the center.
2. Shim out from the RO more if doors are too far apart.
3. Drive a shim under the jamb on the low side for uneven door heights.
4. Use a level to check if the frame, doors, or RO is twisted.
100
How should the base piece of head flashing be attached to the curb?
With a single screw or nail at each corner
## Footnote
This ensures stability and secure installation.
101
What is the function of mortise locksets?
They house latch bolts and dead bolts in a single casing, operated with a single key turn.
## Footnote
Mortising a lock case into the edge of the door provides security.
101
What method is used for applying step-flashing?
Working from the bottom up
## Footnote
This technique allows for proper layering and drainage.
102
What is the first step in installing a mortise lockset?
Mark the outline of the lock case on the edge of the door using a template.
## Footnote
Ensure to drill holes to the depth of the lock case.
102
How does each piece of step-flashing overlap?
Each overlaps the one below
## Footnote
This creates a continuous barrier against water.
103
What is the purpose of using a rat-tail file when installing locksets?
To gradually enlarge spindle holes until they align perfectly.
## Footnote
This is often necessary if the holes do not line up after drilling.
103
How is step-flashing secured to the curb?
Nailed with a single nail to the side of the curb
## Footnote
This secures each piece in place.
104
What type of lockset is referred to as 'cylinder locksets'?
Also known as tubular or key-in-knob locks.
## Footnote
They are inexpensive and easy to install but not very secure.
104
What should be done with the uppermost pieces of step-flashing?
Slide up under the head flashing
## Footnote
This ensures a watertight seal at the top.
105
What should be done to prevent splitting when drilling the face bore of a cylinder lockset?
Back the bit out and finish drilling from the other face.
## Footnote
This technique preserves the integrity of the door.
105
What covers each side after installing step-flashing?
A continuous cap piece
## Footnote
This finalizes the flashing installation and protects against leaks.
106
What is the recommended height for door handles or thumb levers?
34 in. to 38 in. high.
107
What should be checked before buying locksets or key cylinders?
Measure the door thickness.
## Footnote
Some mechanisms are adjustable, while others fit only specific thicknesses.
108
What happens if the jamb is twisted?
You may need to reset the shims until the jamb is square to the door.
109
What size hole saw should be used to drill the face bore?
21⁄8-in. hole saw
110
What type of bit is used to drill the edge bore?
7⁄8-in. spade bit
111
What should you do to prevent splitting when drilling the face bore?
Back the bit out after it emerges on the other side and finish the hole by drilling from the other face.
112
What tool is used to trace around the latch plate?
Utility knife
113
What is the purpose of routing the inscribed area around the latch plate?
So that the plate is flush to the edge of the door.
114
How should the strike plate be positioned on the jamb?
Rub a pencil on the end of the latch bolt, shut the door, and release the bolt against the jamb.
115
What depth should the latch hole be drilled into the jamb?
1⁄2 in. deep
116
What should the latch bolt do when the door is shut?
Descend into the strike-plate hole.
117
What additional feature should be installed for greater security?
Strike-plate reinforcer and 3-in. mounting screws.
118
What is the minimum throw for a dead bolt on exterior doors?
1-in. throw
119
What are the two types of dead bolts mentioned?
* Single-cylinder dead bolts
* Double-cylinder models
120
What is the major drawback of a thumb-turn dead bolt?
Can be easily turned by a burglar breaking a glass side-light.
121
What should be prioritized when dealing with air leaks in a house?
Sealing seams and holes in the building envelope, packing insulation, and installing weatherstripping.
122
What is the single most crucial piece of weatherstripping?
A tight-fitting door threshold.
123
What are the three main types of weatherstripping?
* Tubular
* Metal-leaf
* Kerf-in
124
What is tubular weatherstripping best known for?
Being the easiest to retrofit to old doors and the least expensive type of permanent weatherstripping.
125
What type of weatherstripping is commonly called V-bronze?
Metal-leaf weatherstripping
126
What is the installation method for kerf-in weatherstripping?
Slides into a kerf (slot) between the jamb and the doorstop.
127
What is the purpose of door shoes or sweeps?
To create a tight seal at the bottom of the door and resist water seeping or blowing in.
128
What type of door is inherently better at blocking air and water?
Outswing doors
129
What should you do if the hinges are loose due to stripped screw holes?
Fill the holes with epoxy putty or use a tapered dowel to fill the hole.
130
What does a water-return threshold do?
Sends water back outside.
131
What is a recommended method for cutting metal thresholds?
Using an oscillating multi-tool with a metal blade.
132
What should be done to ensure a good fit when installing a threshold?
Dry-fit the threshold to ensure a good fit before caulking and screwing it down.
133
What is the purpose of flashing in exterior doors and windows?
Flashing helps seal out water and, in conjunction with insulation, sealants, and exterior casing, cuts drafts.
134
What is the best tool to center pilot holes for hinge screws?
A spring-loaded, self-centering Vix bit.
135
What should be subtracted from the template when hanging a door to create clearance?
1/8 in. from the top and sides of the template; 1/2 in. from the bottom edge.
136
What is the recommended clearance between the door and the doorstop?
1/16-in. clearance.
137
What is the most reliable way to fit a door to an out-of-square frame?
Create a template using 4-in.-wide, 1/8-in.-thick strips of plywood.
138
What is the proper technique for trimming a door to prevent splintering?
Score along cutlines with a utility knife before using a circular saw.
139
What is the typical distance from the top of the door to the top hinge?
7 in.
140
What should you do if hinge screws are misaligned due to wood grain?
Use a Vix bit to center pilot holes for hinge screws.
141
What is the first step when retrofitting a flanged window unit?
Slip the cap flange up under the housewrap and siding.
142
What rule of thumb should be followed when installing flashing?
Always overlap above below to direct water away from living spaces.
143
Fill in the blank: Windows generally have sloping sills to shed _______.
water.
144
How can you create a watertight pan for a window?
Shape it from flexible, self-adhesive flashing tape.
145
What should be done before installing the head casing of a window?
Caulk the edge of the head jamb.
146
What is the best method to seal gaps between the window frame and the framing?
Use self-adhesive flashing tape or the strip-and-caulking method.
147
What are the four categories to consider when choosing windows?
* Window styles
* Frame materials
* Energy-efficiency labels
* Choosing the right replacement window.
148
What is a common symptom of a door binding against the top of the jamb?
Loose hinges allowing the door to sag into the opening.
149
True or False: A door that shuts but won’t latch may have a misaligned strike plate.
True.
150
What should you do if a door binds along the latch jamb but hinges are tight?
Use an adjustable wrench to bend hinge-leaf knuckles on the door.
151
What should be done if hinges are not mortised deep enough into the door or frame?
Remove hinges, chisel hinge gains deeper, and reattach hinges.
152
What might be the cause of a pocket door sliding roughly?
Built-up dirt or floor wax on the floor.
153
What is the purpose of using longer screws for hinge screws?
To grab the framing when short screws pull free from door jambs.
154
What are the four categories to consider when choosing windows?
1. Window styles
2. Frame materials
3. Energy-efficiency labels
4. Choosing the right replacement window
155
What type of window has two sashes that slide up and down?
Double-hung window
156
What is the difference between a double-hung and a single-hung window?
A single-hung window has a fixed top sash.
157
What are the pros of double-hung windows?
* Wide choice of sash patterns
* Affordable double-glazing with snap-in muntins
* Easy cleaning
158
What are the cons of double-hung windows?
* Tough to weather-proof
* Old sashes may rattle and leak air
* Broken sash ropes can cause malfunction
159
What type of window is side hinged and swings outward?
Casement window
160
What are the pros of casement windows?
* Maximizes solar gain with a large pane
* Tight compression seal minimizes air leaks
* Whole area ventilates when open
161
What is a disadvantage of casement windows?
They can be hazardous if they open onto a deck or walkway.
162
What type of window is hinged at the top and swings outward?
Awning window
163
What are the pros of awning windows?
* Maximizes solar gain
* Can remain open for ventilation during rain
* Tight compression seal
164
What are the cons of awning windows?
* Hazardous if it swings onto a deck or walkway
* Screen is on the inside
165
What are hopper windows similar to?
Upside-down awning windows
166
What are the pros of hopper windows?
* Same energy profile as casement and awning windows
* Tight compression seal
167
What is a disadvantage of hopper windows?
Hazardous if it swings down at head height.
168
What type of window can swing like a casement or bottom-tilt like a hopper?
Tilt-and-turn window
169
What are the pros of tilt-and-turn windows?
* Easy to clean
* Good choice for egress
* Tight compression seal
* Good energy profile
170
What are the cons of tilt-and-turn windows?
* Two moving parts can break or jam
* Roller shades and curtains may interfere with operation
171
What type of window has sashes that slide in tracks?
Horizontal slider window
172
What are the pros of horizontal slider windows?
* Good choice for egress
* Good solar gain due to lack of muntins
173
What are the cons of horizontal slider windows?
* Tough to weather-strip
* Crud can collect in tracks and impede operation
* Only half of the area offers ventilation
174
What is a fixed window?
A window that does not open.
175
What are the pros of fixed windows?
* Airtight
* Less expensive than operable windows
* Reduces outside noise with acoustic glazing
176
What is a disadvantage of fixed windows?
They offer no ventilation and no egress.
177
What must be done before installing housewrap or building paper around windows?
Weatherproof the perimeters using fiberglass-reinforced flashing paper splines.
178
What should be applied to the sill of the rough opening before reinserting the window?
Flashing and a bead of siliconized acrylic latex caulk.
179
What does rigid cap (head) flashing do?
Diverts water that might dam up behind the head casing.
180
True or False: Fixed windows can be washed from the inside.
False
