11 Electrical Wiring Flashcards
1
Q
What is the key to reliable wiring?
A
Solid connections
2
Q
What tool can help create a perfect loop in a stripped wire?
A
Wire strippers with a small hole near the handle
3
Q
What is essential for working safely with electricity?
A
Respecting the power of electricity
4
Q
What should you check before beginning electrical work?
A
Local building authorities’ regulations
5
Q
How is the flow of electricity measured?
A
Amperes or amps
6
Q
What is the force behind the electrons in a wire measured in?
A
Volts
7
Q
What is the relationship between wire size and electrical flow?
A
Larger wires allow a greater flow of electricity
8
Q
What can happen if wiring that is too small is used?
A
It can resist the flow of current and overheat, causing a fire
9
Q
What is the main characteristic of alternating current (AC) systems?
A
They form a loop from the power source through a load and back
10
Q
What color is typically used for hot wires?
A
Black or red
11
Q
What color is typically used for neutral wires?
A
White or light gray
12
Q
What is the cardinal rule of home-improvement projects?
A
Know your limitations
13
Q
What should you do if you lack experience with electrical work?
A
Leave certain projects to a professional
14
Q
What is the importance of using a voltage tester?
A
To ensure power is off before working on an outlet
15
Q
What does NEC stand for?
A
National Electrical Code
16
Q
What is the measure of power consumed in a residential system?
A
Watts
17
Q
What are the two types of current?
A
- DC (direct current) * AC (alternating current)
18
Q
What is the measure of resistance to the flow of electrons in a wire?
A
Ohms
19
Q
What is the purpose of the main breaker in a service panel?
A
To provide primary overcurrent protection
20
Q
What is a service drop?
A
Overhead service wires delivering power to the house
21
Q
What does a meter base do?
A
Measures the wattage of electricity as it is consumed
22
Q
What is the difference between wires, cables, and conductors?
A
- Conductor: carries electricity * Wire: an individual conductor * Cable: assembly of two or more wires
23
Q
What do you call a cable with two 12AWG wires plus a ground wire?
A
12/2 with ground
24
Q
What happens when a circuit becomes overloaded?
A
The breaker trips or a fuse melts
25
What is the function of ground wires?
Provide an alternative low-resistance path for current
26
What could happen if ground wires were not used?
People could be electrocuted by energized metal casings
27
What is a meter-main?
A combination of a meter base and a main breaker in a single box
28
What is the purpose of bonding ground and neutral components in a main service panel?
To ensure they are electrically connected together
29
True or False: All electricity entering a house goes through the main breaker.
True
30
Fill in the blank: The measure of the volume of electrons flowing through a system is measured in _______.
Amperes (amps)
31
What should you do to ensure your voltage tester is working properly?
Test it on a known hot circuit before and after use
32
What type of fuses are most common in older homes?
Edison-type fuses
33
What is the purpose of equipment-grounding conductors?
To bond all electrical devices and surfaces that could become energized
34
What is the typical impedance of the human body compared to copper wire?
Relatively high
## Footnote
This high impedance means electricity prefers low resistance paths.
35
What role do ground wires (equipment grounding conductors) play in an electrical system?
They connect to every part of the electrical system that could become energized, creating a path back to the main service panel.
36
What is the purpose of the neutral/ground bus in the service panel?
It bonds ground wires to the panel housing and directs current safely to the ground in case of a ground fault.
37
What is a ground fault?
Current flowing unintentionally to ground (earth).
38
What does the term 'ground wire' refer to in modern circuits?
Equipment grounding conductors that connect electrical equipment to the service panel neutral/ground bar.
39
What is the primary function of a grounding electrode?
To divert lightning and other outside high voltages to the earth.
40
What is the NEC requirement for underground metal water piping in new installations?
It must be connected to the electrode system and supplemented with another electrode.
41
What are Ground-fault circuit interrupters (GFCIs)?
Devices that detect small current leaks and shut off power almost instantaneously.
42
In which locations does the NEC now require GFCI protection?
* All bathroom receptacles
* Kitchen counters
* Receptacles within 6 ft. of a sink
* All outdoor receptacles
* Unfinished basement receptacles
* Garage receptacles
* Receptacles near pools and hot tubs.
43
What should you do before working on an outlet?
Always shut off the power and test to ensure no voltage is present.
44
What is the preferred grounding electrode according to the NEC?
The Ufer or concrete-encased electrode.
45
What signs indicate potential issues in a fuse box or breaker panel?
* Rust and corrosion on the service box
* Scorch marks on breakers or panels
* Melted wire insulation.
46
What is the recommended size for residential grounding electrode conductors (GECs)?
Typically size 6 American wire gauge (6AWG) copper.
47
What should you do if a circuit is controlled by more than one breaker?
Turn off the power at the service panel to ensure safety.
48
Fill in the blank: A non-contact tester indicates voltage presence by _______.
[glowing or beeping when near a hot wire]
49
What is the risk of using an oversize fuse?
It may exceed the current-carrying capacity of the wire, leading to overheating and potential fires.
50
True or False: An underground metal water pipe can serve as the only grounding electrode.
False.
51
What should be done after turning off power at the panel?
Post a warning sign to prevent others from turning the power back on.
52
What is the purpose of a bonding conductor?
To connect pieces of electrical equipment to eliminate voltage differences.
53
What is meant by 'pennying' a fuse?
Inserting a penny or metal slug into the fuse socket to bypass safety features.
54
What is the main bonding jumper's role in the electrical system?
To ensure safe current direction to the ground in case of a ground fault.
55
What is a type-S fuse socket insert used for?
To prevent overfusing
## Footnote
Type-S fuse socket inserts help ensure that the correct fuse is used and prevent overloading the circuit.
56
What is 'pennying' a fuse?
Inserting a penny or metal slug into a fuse socket to bypass the fuse
## Footnote
This is a dangerous practice that allows current to bypass the fuse's protection.
57
What should be done if panel covers are missing or do not fit properly?
Hire a licensed electrician to assess and correct the problems
## Footnote
Improperly fitted panel covers can lead to safety hazards.
58
Why is it unsafe to have missing cable connectors or unfilled knockouts in a panel?
They allow vermin to enter and can stress electrical connections
## Footnote
This can create a fire hazard and potential electrocution risks.
59
What is the purpose of a grounding electrode?
To provide a safe grounding path for the electrical system
## Footnote
Grounding electrodes can include metal underground water pipes, ground rods, or Ufer electrodes.
60
What is the minimum requirement for cables entering a panel?
All cables must be protected by a cable clamp
## Footnote
This prevents sharp panel edges from slicing through cable insulation.
61
What should be done if knob-and-tube wiring insulation is deteriorated?
The wiring should be replaced
## Footnote
Deteriorated insulation poses a fire hazard and code violation.
62
What is the safe capacity for a circuit controlled by a 15-amp breaker?
1,440 watts
## Footnote
This is 80% of the total capacity (1,800 watts).
63
True or False: You can use a two-pronged adapter on a three-pronged plug safely.
False
## Footnote
This is unsafe as it does not provide grounding.
64
How should NM cable be supported when running through boxes?
Stapled within 8 inches of single-gang boxes and 12 inches of other boxes
## Footnote
This ensures the cable is secured and does not sag.
65
What is the fire hazard associated with small-gauge aluminum wiring?
It can lead to loose connections, arcing, and overheating
## Footnote
Proper splicing techniques must be used to mitigate these risks.
66
What should be done with wire splices?
They must be housed within a covered junction box or outlet box
## Footnote
This prevents fire hazards due to arcing.
67
What does the NEC say about knob-and-tube wiring being buried in insulation?
It is not allowed
## Footnote
This practice can lead to overheating and fire risks.
68
What is the minimum service size required by the NEC for a modern home?
100-amp service panel
## Footnote
Many electricians install larger panels (150-amp or 200-amp) for future needs.
69
If receptacles are overloaded with multiplugs and extension cords, what should be done?
Add more outlets
## Footnote
This helps prevent circuit overloads and improves safety.
70
What is the formula to calculate watts?
watts = voltage x amperes
## Footnote
This formula helps determine electrical capacity.
71
What is the demand factor for the first 3,000 VA of general lighting load?
100%
## Footnote
This means the full load is considered in calculations.
72
What type of appliances require dedicated service due to high energy use?
Heavy energy-using appliances
## Footnote
Examples include electric ranges and dryers.
73
What happens if you connect aluminum wire incorrectly to copper-rated devices?
It can lead to loose connections and potentially cause fires
## Footnote
Proper connectors like COPALUM are necessary for safe connections.
74
What is the total general lighting load calculated for a 2,000 sq. ft. dwelling?
10,500 VA
## Footnote
This includes various lighting and appliance loads.
75
What percentage is added for all large load appliances in load calculations?
100%
76
What is the minimum load calculation often related to?
Increasing capacity
77
What type of receptacle is required for a 30-amp dryer circuit?
30-amp, 125/250v dryer receptacle
78
What must the breaker for a 30-amp dryer circuit be rated at?
30 amps
79
How must the grounding conductor of a cable be connected?
To a steel box with a special grounding screw
80
What must all devices, including receptacles, switches, and lighting fixtures, be?
Bonded
81
What do insurance companies often charge higher premiums on?
Houses with fuse boxes
82
What can you add if you have space in a breaker panel?
An additional circuit for a new outlet or lights
83
What should an electrician determine when adding a circuit?
Whether the panel can handle another circuit
84
What is a good practice when adding a circuit for heavy-use items?
Use a calculator to do the math
85
What guidelines do electricians follow to promote safe practices?
The NEC, as adopted by local jurisdictions
86
What gauge wire is typically used for general-use and lighting circuits?
14AWG wire
87
What is the typical breaker size protecting 14AWG wire?
15-amp breakers
88
What type of cable is most circuits wired with?
NM cable
89
What must all electrical connections take place in?
Covered boxes
90
What type of breaker can detect current fluctuations associated with arcing?
AFCI breaker
91
What is the maximum spacing for receptacles along a wall?
12 ft.
92
What is the lighting load calculation per square foot?
3w per square foot
93
How many outlets are roughly allowed per 15-amp circuit?
Nine outlets
94
What is required in each habitable room regarding light switches?
At least one wall switch controlling lighting
95
What type of protection is required for all 120-volt branch circuits except certain areas?
AFCI protection
96
What is the required circuit rating for bathroom receptacles?
20-amp circuit
97
How far should countertop receptacles be spaced in kitchens?
At least every 4 ft.
98
What is the general rule for kitchen lighting per square foot?
2w incandescent or 1w fluorescent
99
What must all critical-use and fixed appliances have?
Dedicated circuits
100
What should you do before starting electrical work?
Consult local building department
101
What should your wiring plans include?
Each switch, receptacle, and fixture
102
What scale should you use for drawing a floor plan?
1/4 in. = 1 ft.
103
What must be used to indicate locations of receptacles and switches on a plan?
Electrical symbols
104
What type of lighting is meant to illuminate work areas specifically?
Task lighting
105
Fill in the blank: All bathrooms and kitchens must be _______ protected.
GFCI
106
What must new or remodeled bathrooms have?
A vent fan
107
What is the purpose of creating a final master drawing in electrical planning?
To have a comprehensive overview of the entire electrical layout including all fixtures and devices.
108
What should be included in a separate materials list during electrical installation?
A list of all materials needed, including boxes, cable connectors, wire connectors, staples, and more.
109
What are GFCI receptacles and where should they be installed?
Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter receptacles should be installed over kitchen counters for safety.
110
What is a key characteristic of hand tools used for electrical work?
All hand tools should have cushioned handles and fit comfortably in the hand.
111
What are lineman's pliers primarily used for?
To cut wire, hold wires fast while splicing, and twist out box knockouts.
112
What does UL- or NRTL-listed signify for electrical materials?
It indicates that the materials meet the safety standards of the electrical industry.
113
Fill in the blank: The first test of any tool is that it fit your hand comfortably; the second is that it feels _______.
solid and well made
114
What is the function of a non-contact voltage tester?
To detect voltage without directly touching a conductor.
115
True or False: Multimeters are essential for nonprofessionals performing electrical work.
False
116
What type of drill is recommended for fitting between studs or joists?
A right-angle drill.
117
What is the purpose of using a fish tape in electrical work?
To run cable behind finish surfaces.
118
What type of ladder is preferred in the electrical industry for safety reasons?
Fiberglass stepladders.
119
What should be done to avoid over-tightening cable clamps?
Always tighten cable clamps by hand.
120
What is the difference between new work boxes and cut-in boxes?
New work boxes attach to exposed framing; cut-in boxes attach to existing surfaces.
121
What is a box fill worksheet used for?
To calculate the capacity and size of electrical boxes based on the number of conductors.
122
Fill in the blank: All circuits for receptacles must end with a home run back to the _______.
service panel
123
What does it mean for a receptacle to be split-wired?
It allows for two circuits to be used from a single receptacle.
124
What should be verified for dimmers when ganged together?
The dimmer load must be de-rated.
125
What is the primary use of a reciprocating saw in remodeling?
To cut openings in plaster and handle nails without destroying the blade.
126
What is a common mistake when running a stove igniter?
Running it off a GFCI-protected circuit will trip the GFCI every time the stove is turned on.
127
What is the function of a continuity tester?
To test wire runs and connectors for short circuits or other wiring flaws.
128
What should you do if the job site is too dark to see wire colors?
Use adequate lighting, such as LED headlamps, for safety and accuracy.
129
What type of cable should be used for a dedicated refrigerator circuit?
12/3 cable.
130
What is the advantage of using screw-on boxes over nail-on types?
Screw-on boxes allow for easier repositioning.
131
What are the two main types of electrical boxes?
New work boxes and cut-in boxes
132
What is the primary consideration when choosing electrical boxes?
Size (capacity)
133
What is the capacity of a standard single-gang box?
Roughly 22.5 cu. in.
134
How many devices can a double-gang box hold?
Two devices
135
What is the purpose of a shallow 4-square box?
Versatile and roomy for back-to-back installations
136
What type of box is used for flush-mount light fixtures?
Shallow pancake boxes
137
What is a GFCI receptacle?
Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter receptacle
138
What material are metal boxes typically made from?
Steel
139
True or False: Plastic boxes need to be grounded.
False
140
What is the main advantage of plastic boxes over metal boxes?
Less expensive and quicker to install
141
What is a cut-in box used for?
Mounting directly to finish surfaces
142
What mechanisms do cut-in boxes use to hold them in place?
Screw-adjustable ears, metal-spring ears, swivel ears, bendable metal tabs
143
What is the purpose of an add-a-depth ring?
To make box edges flush when set too deep
144
What is the weight rating for most bar and ceiling box assemblies?
50 lb.
145
What type of cable is most commonly used in modern house wiring?
Nonmetallic sheathed cable (Romex)
146
What does the designation '14/2 w/grd' indicate?
Two insulated 14 AWG wires plus a ground wire
147
What is the purpose of clamps in a wiring system?
To securely fasten cables to boxes
148
What is a wire connector commonly known as?
Wire-Nut®
149
What is the importance of solid connections between spliced wires?
Prevents electricity from arcing and causing fires
150
How are wire connectors sized?
According to the number of wires and wire gauge they can accommodate
151
What is a common issue when splicing with twist-on wire nuts?
Stranded wire tends to slide down solid wire
152
What is the advantage of Wago Wall-Nuts™?
Simplifies wire connection and allows visibility of connections
153
What is the typical rating for general-use household receptacles?
15-amp circuits
154
What gauge wire is commonly used for general illumination circuits?
14 AWG
155
What type of cable is used for kitchen countertop receptacles?
20-amp circuit protection cable
156
What is the common rating for most general-use household receptacles?
15-amp circuits
## Footnote
These can be wired with either 14AWG or 12AWG wire.
157
What gauge wire is commonly used for general illumination circuits?
14-gauge cable
## Footnote
This is because it is easier to work with.
158
What does the NEC specify for small appliance branch circuits?
20-amp circuit protection
## Footnote
Required for kitchen countertop and dining room receptacles.
159
When is a 20-amp receptacle required by code?
When there is a single receptacle on a 20-amp circuit
## Footnote
It may be a 15-amp receptacle.
160
What type of receptacles are recommended for residential wiring?
Specification-grade or higher-quality 15-amp receptacles
## Footnote
Previously, 20-amp versions were needed for quality.
161
What types of GFCI receptacles are available?
15-amp and 20-amp versions
## Footnote
A 15-amp GFCI receptacle is preferred for residential wiring.
162
What does the 2011 NEC require for receptacles?
They must be tamper-resistant
## Footnote
Exceptions apply for specific conditions.
163
What are some types of specialty 15-amp receptacles?
* Weather-resistant (WR) receptacles
* Recessed receptacles
* Covered floor receptacles
## Footnote
There are also receptacles for 30-amp, 40-amp, and 50-amp appliances.
164
What is a recent innovation in switch technology?
Wireless switch
## Footnote
Allows installation without tearing up walls and ceilings.
165
What is an indication of better-quality receptacles and switches?
They are usually heftier and more reliable
## Footnote
A quality receptacle may have a nylon face and a reinforced back.
166
What must circuit components be matched according to?
Their load ratings
## Footnote
A 20-amp receptacle requires 12AWG cable and a 20-amp breaker.
167
What is the color-coding system for NM cable sheathing?
* White: 14-gauge wire
* Yellow: 12-gauge wire
* Orange: 10-gauge wire
## Footnote
This helps match wire size to breakers.
168
Fill in the blank: A 15-amp receptacle or switch should be fed by _______.
14AWG cable
169
True or False: A 20-amp circuit can be wired with 15-amp receptacles.
True
## Footnote
As long as the circuit is protected by a 20-amp breaker.
170
What does rough-in wiring refer to?
The first phase of a wiring installation where outlet boxes are set out and electrical cable is run to them.
171
What is the difference between new work and remodel wiring?
New work involves running wires through exposed framing, while remodel wiring requires cutting into finish surfaces to install boxes and run cable.
172
What are polarized receptacles?
Receptacles designed to fit plugs in only one way, with a brass screw terminal for hot wires and a silver screw terminal for neutral wires.
173
What should be done before starting rough-in wiring?
Wait until rough carpentry is complete and plumbing is installed to avoid drilling and cutting into pipes.
174
What is the first step in the sequence of rough-in tasks?
Walk the room with plans, marking outlet locations on walls and the ceiling.
175
What is essential to do before handling wires during remodel wiring?
Turn off the power to the area and test with a voltage tester to ensure it is off.
176
Fill in the blank: All wire connections must be good ________ connections.
[mechanical]
177
What is the purpose of a breaker lockout?
To prevent anyone from turning the circuit back on while work is in progress.
178
What is the required height for the bottom of wall outlets?
12 in. to 15 in. above the finished floor surface.
179
What should be done with plans during the rough-in process?
Check and recheck the plans often to ensure accuracy.
180
What type of boxes are commonly used in residences for wall outlets?
18-cu.-in. single-gang PVC plastic boxes.
181
What is the maximum gap allowed between box edges and finish surfaces on combustible surfaces?
There must be no gap.
182
True or False: All newly installed devices must be grounded.
True
183
What is the recommended extra percentage of materials to order?
10%
184
What height should the top of switch boxes be set at?
48 in.
185
What should be used to mark box locations on finish surfaces?
A pencil.
186
What is the requirement for cable support in new rough-in work?
Cable must be supported within 8 in. of a single-gang box and within 12 in. of any other box.
187
Fill in the blank: A non-contact voltage tester can detect voltage through ________.
[cable sheathing]
188
What is the purpose of snapping chalklines during rough-in wiring?
To indicate box elevations.
189
What type of box should be used for multiple-gang installations?
Multiple-gang boxes.
190
What is one advantage of using an adjustable box?
It allows for depth adjustment to ensure the box edge is flush to the finish surface.
191
What should be done with materials before starting to install boxes?
Have all materials on hand.
192
What is a good practice when marking box heights?
Use a laser level for accuracy.
193
What is the maximum distance allowed along a wall from an outlet?
No point may be more than 6 ft. from an outlet.
194
What is the recommended height for countertop receptacles in kitchens?
42 in. above the finished floor surface.
195
What should be done with box edges in noncombustible surfaces?
There may be a 1⁄4-in. gap between the box edge and the surface.
196
What is required for all wire connections?
They must be housed in a covered box.
197
What is the purpose of the depth-adjusting screw in an adjustable box?
To ensure the box is installed at the correct depth
## Footnote
The depth-adjusting screw allows for adjustments to ensure flush installation with finish surfaces.
198
What should be used to ensure flush edges for nail-on boxes?
Depth gauge
## Footnote
Nail-on boxes cannot be adjusted for depth once installed.
199
What are the small points on boxes with integral brackets used for?
To sink into the stud
## Footnote
This feature helps secure the box during installation.
200
What is the recommended method for locating ceiling fixtures?
Use a plumb bob or laser to transfer location
## Footnote
This helps ensure accurate positioning on the ceiling.
201
What type of box is preferred for ceiling fans?
Fan-rated boxes
## Footnote
These boxes are designed to support the weight and motion of ceiling fans.
202
What tools are needed to remove a plastic-box knockout?
Screwdriver
## Footnote
A plastic-box knockout can be removed by striking the screwdriver handle.
203
What is the first step in running electrical cable?
Drill holes in the middle of studs or joists
## Footnote
This prevents screws or nails from puncturing the cables.
204
When drilling for cable, what is the minimum distance from the edge of framing members to avoid needing protection plates?
11⁄4 in.
## Footnote
If drilled holes are less than this distance, steel nail-protection plates must be installed.
205
How should cables be attached to framing?
Every 54 in. and within 8 in. of a single-gang box
## Footnote
This ensures proper support and reduces the risk of damage.
206
What is the NEC requirement for wire length in a box?
At least 6 in. of free wire, with 3 in. extending beyond the front
## Footnote
This is a standard for electrical installations.
207
What is the recommended method for pulling cable efficiently?
Install cable in two steps: pull between outlets and then staple
## Footnote
This method helps in organizing and securing the cable properly.
208
What should be done if cables are within 11⁄4 in. of a stud edge?
Install steel plates for protection
## Footnote
This prevents nails or screws from puncturing the cables.
209
What is the purpose of using standoffs when bundling cables?
To hold cables loosely apart and prevent overheating
## Footnote
Bundling tightly can cause wires to overheat, reducing their safe amperage.
210
What is a 'home run' in electrical wiring?
Circuit segments pulled from the panel to the first box
## Footnote
This term refers to the direct path of wiring from the power source.
211
What is a swivel kellum grip used for?
To prevent twisting of the cable while pulling
## Footnote
This tool is helpful when fishing cable to new outlets.
212
What must be done before cutting into or drilling through a wall?
Turn off power to the area
## Footnote
This is a crucial safety step to prevent electrical hazards.
213
What is the quickest method for fishing cable to a new outlet?
Cut back sections of drywall to the nearest studs
## Footnote
This allows for easier access to pull wire quickly.
214
What should you do after testing for voltage when removing a wall box?
Disconnect the wires
## Footnote
This is necessary before removing the old outlet box.
215
What is the benefit of marking cables during installation?
To avoid confusion when wiring devices
## Footnote
Clear labeling helps in identifying incoming and outgoing cables.
216
What is the recommended height for drilling holes for cables?
Thigh high
## Footnote
This position helps reduce arm fatigue and maintains consistent hole heights.
217
What type of boxes are typically used for ceiling lights?
4-in. octagonal or round boxes
## Footnote
These boxes are designed to accommodate ceiling light fixtures.
218
What is a common issue when fishing wire behind walls?
Difficulty in finding the cable and patching holes
## Footnote
This can make the process time-consuming.
219
What should be done if you want to avoid fishing altogether?
Consider installing a wireless switch
## Footnote
This can eliminate the need for running new cables.
220
What is the first step in fishing a new cable to a location?
Fish a new cable to the location, and insert the new and old cables into a new cut-in box.
221
What is the purpose of a cut-in box?
A cut-in box is used to secure and connect new and existing cables to a receptacle.
222
When fishing cable to ceiling fixtures, what should you do if there is an unfinished attic above?
Run the cable across the attic and route it through a stud bay to the new box in the ceiling.
223
What size bit is recommended for drilling up through the fixture location?
Use a 3/16-in. by 12-in. bit.
224
True or False: A 12-in. long bit is sufficient if the floor of the attic is covered with insulation.
False.
225
What tool is used to drill across ceiling joists?
Use a 6-ft.-long flex bit.
226
What should you do to avoid drilling into live wires during remodels?
Use a non-contact tester to test receptacles, switches, fixtures, and any visible wires.
227
What is a remodel box used for?
A remodel box is used to keep the wire upright in the hole until it can be located in the attic.
228
Fill in the blank: If there’s no access above the ceiling, you’ll have to cut into finish surfaces at several _______.
points.
229
What is the first step in installing remodel boxes?
Position the box and then trace the box outline onto the wall.
230
What should be done before inserting cut-in boxes?
Remove box knockouts, insert cable clamps, and strip sheathing off the ends of incoming cable.
231
What is a pro tip for running cable between new and old outlets directly over each other?
Use a lightweight chain or fishing line with a weight rather than fish tape.
232
What is the recommended method for cutting a wall box into plaster?
Score along the outline with a utility knife, then remove the plaster with a chisel.
233
When retrofitting a ceiling box, what should you do to minimize dust?
Wear a respirator and safety glasses.
234
What is the purpose of a wiring trench?
To cut a wiring trench in finish surfaces for adding multiple outlets or rewiring an entire room.
235
What tool is suggested for cutting through plaster or drywall when creating a wiring trench?
Use a reciprocating saw with a demolition blade.
236
What must be done if any cables are exposed in the walls while creating a trench?
Use an inductance tester to make sure they’re not hot.
237
What is the maximum distance for stapling cable to framing without clamps?
Within 8 in. of a single-gang box.
238
What is the recommended method for stripping NM cable with a cable ripper?
Use the dull tooth of the ripper to avoid nicking wire insulation.
239
What should you ensure about the cable sheathing when using cable clamps?
There should be at least 1/4 in. of sheathing still peeking out from under cable clamps.
240
What should you do if there is only one cable entering a box?
Cut individual wires to length—typically, 6 in. to 8 in.
241
What is a pigtail in electrical work?
A short piece of wire used to connect multiple wires together at a junction.
242
What is the minimum amount of sheathing that should remain visible under cable clamps?
At least 1⁄4 in.
## Footnote
Leaving more than 1⁄2 in. makes working with the wires more difficult.
243
What is the typical length for individual wires when only one cable enters a box?
6 in. to 8 in.
## Footnote
If there are multiple cables, a 6-in. pigtail is added to each wire group.
244
What is the term used by electricians for the last stage of rough wiring?
Making up a box.
245
What type of wires do electricians typically start splicing with?
Ground wires.
246
What is the recommended length of insulation to strip off ground wires?
Approximately 3⁄4 in.
247
What should be used to bond the ground wire to a metal box?
A grounding clip or a grounding screw.
248
True or False: Neutrals of different circuits must be spliced together.
False.
## Footnote
Neutrals of different circuits must be kept separate.
249
What tools are typically needed during the trim-out stage of wiring?
A pair of strippers and a screwdriver or screw gun.
250
What does code dictate regarding receptacle placement in habitable rooms?
No space along a wall should be more than 6 ft. from a receptacle.
251
What is the purpose of a cable ripper?
To slit sheathing without damaging individual wire insulation.
252
What should be done before patching walls or ceilings after installing new outlets?
Test new outlets.
253
What is the first wire to connect when wiring a receptacle?
The ground wire.
254
What type of screw terminal is used for neutral wires?
Silver screw terminal.
255
What should be done to the hot-wire pigtail when connecting it to a receptacle?
Tighten it to a brass screw terminal.
256
Fill in the blank: The ground screw must compress the ground wire _______.
Evenly.
257
What should be done to ensure a receptacle is installed straight in the box?
Push in the receptacle before screwing it to the box.
258
What type of receptacles are considered ungrounded?
Two-slot receptacles.
259
What is a GFCI receptacle used for?
To provide ground fault protection.
260
What is the significance of the 'LINE' and 'LOAD' terminals on a GFCI receptacle?
'LINE' is for incoming wires; 'LOAD' is for outgoing wires.
261
True or False: A GFCI receptacle can protect downstream outlets.
True.
262
What must be done to the small metal tab between the brass screw terminals to isolate them?
Break off and remove the tab.
263
What type of wiring connection is recommended for a duplex receptacle in the middle of a circuit?
Spliced with wire connectors.
264
What is the preferred method for connecting wires to devices in a safe manner?
Connect the ground wire first, then the neutral, and finally the hot wire.
265
What does GFCI stand for?
Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter
266
What is the purpose of a GFCI receptacle?
To protect devices downstream from electrical faults
267
In a GFCI receptacle, where do you attach the incoming power source wires?
To terminals marked 'LINE'
268
Where do you attach the outgoing wires in a GFCI receptacle?
To terminals marked 'LOAD'
269
What color screws do hot wires attach to in a GFCI receptacle?
Brass screws
270
What color screws do neutral wires attach to in a GFCI receptacle?
Silver screws
271
What is split-tab wiring used for?
To provide separate circuits from a single outlet
272
What type of cable is typically used for split-tab receptacles?
12/3 or 14/3 cable
273
What is the first step in creating a split-tab receptacle?
Twist off the small metal tab between the two brass screw terminals
274
What should you do with the ground wire when wiring a split-tab receptacle?
Connect it to the green grounding screw
275
True or False: Backstab receptacles are considered more reliable than screw terminals.
False
276
What is a backstab switch?
A switch that allows wires to be pushed into holes at the back for connection
277
What should you use to ensure wires are not energized before connecting to a switch?
A voltage tester
278
What type of wires do switches interrupt?
Hot wires only
279
What is the first wire to connect when wiring a switch?
The ground wire
280
When wiring a single-pole switch, does the orientation of the hot wires matter?
No, it does not matter which hot wire attaches to which screw
281
What is the modern method of wiring a switch loop according to the 2011 NEC?
Use three-conductor cable and connect the neutral at the power source
282
What does the historical method of wiring a switch loop involve?
Using a single length of two-wire cable with the white wire taped black
283
Why is it important to label wires when installing dimmers?
To distinguish which wire is the switch leg and which is the incoming hot wire
284
Fill in the blank: A ____ receptacle is designed to protect against ground faults.
GFCI
285
What should you do if you plan to use a switch-loop approach with electronic timer switches?
Ensure there is a neutral in every switch box
286
What is a common issue with cheap backstab receptacles?
They can lead to loose wires, flickering lights, and arcing
287
What does the term 'switch leg' refer to in electrical wiring?
The wire that carries power from the switch to the fixture
288
What is the typical color of the hot wire in a 12/3 or 14/3 cable?
Black or red
289
What is a common practice when connecting wires to ensure a solid connection?
Twist the wires together before using a wire connector
290
What type of wires do standard single-pole switches interrupt?
Hot wires
291
In a standard dimmer, which wire is typically not needed if used as a single-pole dimmer?
Yellow wire
292
What should you do if the yellow wire is not needed in a dimmer installation?
Cap it with a wire connector
293
What are the steps to replace a single-pole switch?
1. Turn off power
2. Use a voltage tester
3. Unscrew and pull the switch
4. Disconnect wires and examine their condition
5. Connect wires to the new switch
6. Screw the switch to the box
7. Install the cover plate
294
What is the purpose of a non-contact tester?
To check if voltage is present at the switch box
295
True or False: A ground wire is always required for a switch replacement.
False
296
What must be done to all electrical connections not ending at a switch or fixture?
Housed inside a covered junction box
297
What is a wireless switch?
A switch that can be controlled remotely without wiring
298
What should you do before installing a wireless switch?
Turn off power and test to ensure it’s off
299
What does the Pico Wireless control allow you to do?
Control lights from a distance
300
What is the benefit of recessed lighting?
Creates a strong cone of light and saves space
301
What should you examine before buying new fixtures?
Existing outlet boxes and their mounting options
302
What type of screws should be used for grounding in metal boxes?
10-32 machine screws, colored green
303
Fill in the blank: The __________ is the part that attaches the fixture to the mounting bracket.
Mounting bracket
304
What does IC-rated mean for recessed fixtures?
They may be covered with insulation
305
What is the purpose of a transformer in low-voltage recessed fixtures?
To reduce line voltage
306
What should you do before cutting a hole for a recessed light?
Drill a small exploratory hole to check for obstructions
307
How can you ensure even lighting with recessed fixtures?
Install fixtures spaced closely together
308
What is the typical lifespan of a battery in a wireless switch controller?
10 years
309
What should you do with the ground wire when installing a fixture?
Attach it to the ground wire in the box or grounding screw
310
True or False: All electrical connections must be accessible.
False
311
What is the primary function of a dimmer switch?
To control the brightness of the lights
312
What is the first step to ensure proper placement of recessed lighting?
Drill a small exploratory hole to check for obstructions
## Footnote
This includes ensuring there is no ceiling joist, pipe, duct, or wire in the way.
313
What should you wear while drilling holes for recessed fixtures?
Safety glasses
## Footnote
Protects your eyes from debris while drilling.
314
What is the purpose of a pilot hole when installing recessed lights?
To check for obstructions above and to prevent the hole-saw blade from drifting
## Footnote
A pilot hole ensures accuracy in drilling.
315
What should you do if the recessed can fits too snugly in the hole?
Use a jab saw to enlarge the hole slightly.
316
What is the first wire to connect when wiring a recessed fixture?
Ground wires
## Footnote
This ensures safety by connecting the ground first.
317
What must you ensure before you start working on the wiring of a fixture?
The cable must not be energized.
318
What is the function of the gray box in recessed lighting?
It houses all wire connections.
319
What type of recessed ceiling lights can be covered with insulation?
IC-rated recessed ceiling lights.
320
What is a Pro Tip for installing halogen lamps?
Apply a tiny dab of antioxidant paste to the lamp pins before seating them.
321
What is the correct way to insert a halogen bulb into a fixture?
Use gentle pressure until all pins seat.
322
Fill in the blank: The __________ should sit flush to the ceiling.
lip of the can
323
What must you do after splicing all wires in a fixture?
Tuck them carefully into the fixture junction box.
324
What is the purpose of the moistureproof gasket in the trim assembly?
To prevent moisture from entering the fixture.
325
What should be done to convert an incandescent fixture to an LED?
Remove the cover plate, unscrew the incandescent bulb, and screw in a threaded adapter.
326
What is the function of the quick-disconnect connector in an LED retrofit kit?
It connects the adapter to the matching connector on the LED housing.
327
What type of cable is typically used for incoming power in wiring diagrams?
Two-wire cable with ground, such as 14/2 w/grd or 12/2 w/grd.
328
True or False: All metal boxes must be grounded.
True.
329
What color indicates a neutral conductor in wiring?
White.
330
What do traveler wires connect in a three-way switch setup?
They connect to brass screws on each switch.
331
Fill in the blank: In a three-way switch, the hot wire from the source attaches to the __________ terminal.
common (COM)
332
What should be done if a white wire is used as a switch leg?
Tape it black to indicate that it’s hot.
333
What is the maximum breaker size for #14 wire?
15-amp.
334
What is the maximum breaker size for #12 wire?
20-amp.
335
What must be done to ensure safety while working on electrical fixtures?
Turn off the power and use a voltage tester to verify it's off.
