6 - Development Life Cycles, Prototyping, and Task Analysis

Question 1

What is a Sequential Development Life Cycle?

Answer 1

Project management system whereby each stage performs different functions and the result of one serves as the input to the next phase.

Question 2

What is the waterfall model?

Answer 2

A project development model that is linear, meaning a new phase only begins when the previous one has ended

Question 3

Name the steps of the ADDIE model.

Answer 3

Analysis > Design > Development > Implementation > Evaluation

Question 4

Why is Evaluation important in the ADDIE model?

Answer 4

You evaluate after every stage and before you complete a cycle

Question 5

What are the 2 overarching themes of the Double Diamond model?

Answer 5

Research and design

Question 6

What are the 4 stages of the Double Diamond model?

Answer 6

Discover > Define > Develop > Deliver

Question 7

What is the Agile model?

Answer 7

A software development approach based on iterative development

Question 8

What is the product backlog in the agile model?

Answer 8

A prioritized wishlist created by the product owner

Question 8

What is the product backlog in the agile model?

Answer 8

A prioritized wishlisr created by the product owner

Question 9

What is sprint planning/ backlog in the agile model?

Answer 9

When the team pulls a chunk from the product backlog and decides how to implement those

Question 10

What is a sprint in the agile model?

Answer 10

A specified time frame (usually 2-4 weeks) during which the team works on the sprint backlog

Question 11

What is a daily scrum in the agile model?

Answer 11

Daily team meetings to assess progress during the sprint

Question 12

What is a sprint review in the agile model?

Answer 12

When the team chooses a new chunk from the product backlog to work on and begin a new sprint

Question 13

What is the role of the scrum master (agile model)?

Answer 13

Manage the scrum team

Question 14

What is the role of the product owner (agile model)?

Answer 14

Bridge the gap between the users and the scrum team

Question 15

Which model is riskier, waterfall or agile? Why?

Answer 15

Waterfall because you cannot return to a previous stage once it has been finalized

Question 16

Which model is more receptive to changes, waterfall, ADDIE, or agile?

Answer 16

Agile

Question 17

Is the waterfall model better for smaller or larger teams?

Answer 17

Smaller

Question 18

Is the waterfall model better for shorter or longer projects?

Answer 18

Shorter

Question 19

Is the agile model better for simple or complex projects?

Answer 19

Complex

Question 20

Is the agile model better for smaller or larger teams?

Answer 20

Larger

Question 21

Which model has more intensive finishes, waterfall or agile?

Answer 21

Waterfall. The agile model has intensive sprints but not intensive finishes.

Question 22

What is the (simplified) user-centered design cycle?

Answer 22

Need finding > design alternatives > prototyping > evaluation

Question 23

What is the goal of the need-finding stage of the user-centered design cycle?

Answer 23

To understand the users

Question 24

What are the different design alternatives for user-centered design?

Answer 24

Brainstorming, Persona, Storyboards

Question 25

What is the "brainstorming" design alternative?

Answer 25

You generate a lot of ideas, but once finalized have made no decisions

Question 26

What is the "persona" design alternative?

Answer 26

Create a fictional summary of user including goals, needs, wants and frustration

Question 27

What is the "storyboard" design alternative?

Answer 27

A storyboard that conveys a design decision, includes setting, sequence, and user satisfaction

Question 28

What is prototyping?

Answer 28

An experimental process where design teams implement ideas into tangible forms from paper to digital

Question 29

What is a low-fidelity prototype?

Answer 29

A prototype that covers some interaction but no aesthetic (quick and dirty)

Question 30

What is a mid-fidelity prototype?

Answer 30

Wireframes (all interactions but no aesthetics)

Question 31

What is a high-fidelity prototype?

Answer 31

A prototype that covers all interactions and aesthetics, gives users expectations of a products full functionality

Question 32

What is Wizard of Oz prototyping?

Answer 32

Prototyping method where the system's behavior is replicated with a human

Question 33

What are the benefits of Wizard of Oz prototyping?

Answer 33

Can reduce time and money by testing functionalities that are not yet implemented

Question 34

What steps take you from sketches to software prototypes?

Answer 34

Sketches > wireframe > mockups > software prototype

Question 35

What are 2 tools that can be used to perform task analysis?

Answer 35

GOMS and Cognitive Task Analysis

Question 36

What does GOMS stand for?

Answer 36

Goals, Operators, Methods, Selection Rules

Question 37

Give examples of methods for information transmission.

Answer 37

Email, WhatsApp, conversation

Question 38

What is an advantage of GOMS?

Answer 38

Lets you formally assess the efficiency of the interface (how long does it take to perform a task, how many steps the user has to take) --> Lets you rationalize design choice

Question 39

What is GOMS lacking?

Answer 39

Cognition, because it assumes humans are input/ output machines

Question 40

What is the goal of Cognitive Task Analysis?

Answer 40

Analyzing and understanding the cognitive processes needed to perform a task

Question 41

What are the steps in a CTA?

Answer 41

1. Collect primary knowledge (observe people while they perform the task) 2. Identify knowledge representations (what the users need to perform the task) 3. Apply focused knowledge elicitation methods (populate knowledge representations) 4. Analyze and verify the data acquired 5. Format results for the intended application (design interfaces based on analysis)

Question 42

What are the advantages of CTA?

Answer 42

It's less formal but good enough to design interfaces, considers cognitive aspects of a task

Question 43

What are the disadvantages of CTA?

Answer 43

Requires interdisciplinary collaboration, it's time consuming