6 - Development Life Cycles, Prototyping, and Task Analysis Flashcards
What is a Sequential Development Life Cycle?
Project management system whereby each stage performs different functions and the result of one serves as the input to the next phase.
What is the waterfall model?
A project development model that is linear, meaning a new phase only begins when the previous one has ended
Name the steps of the ADDIE model.
Analysis > Design > Development > Implementation > Evaluation
Why is Evaluation important in the ADDIE model?
You evaluate after every stage and before you complete a cycle
What are the 2 overarching themes of the Double Diamond model?
Research and design
What are the 4 stages of the Double Diamond model?
Discover > Define > Develop > Deliver
What is the Agile model?
A software development approach based on iterative development
What is the product backlog in the agile model?
A prioritized wishlist created by the product owner
What is the product backlog in the agile model?
A prioritized wishlisr created by the product owner
What is sprint planning/ backlog in the agile model?
When the team pulls a chunk from the product backlog and decides how to implement those
What is a sprint in the agile model?
A specified time frame (usually 2-4 weeks) during which the team works on the sprint backlog
What is a daily scrum in the agile model?
Daily team meetings to assess progress during the sprint
What is a sprint review in the agile model?
When the team chooses a new chunk from the product backlog to work on and begin a new sprint
What is the role of the scrum master (agile model)?
Manage the scrum team
What is the role of the product owner (agile model)?
Bridge the gap between the users and the scrum team
Which model is riskier, waterfall or agile? Why?
Waterfall because you cannot return to a previous stage once it has been finalized
Which model is more receptive to changes, waterfall, ADDIE, or agile?
Agile
Is the waterfall model better for smaller or larger teams?
Smaller
Is the waterfall model better for shorter or longer projects?
Shorter
Is the agile model better for simple or complex projects?
Complex
Is the agile model better for smaller or larger teams?
Larger
Which model has more intensive finishes, waterfall or agile?
Waterfall. The agile model has intensive sprints but not intensive finishes.
What is the (simplified) user-centered design cycle?
Need finding > design alternatives > prototyping > evaluation
What is the goal of the need-finding stage of the user-centered design cycle?
To understand the users
What are the different design alternatives for user-centered design?
Brainstorming, Persona, Storyboards
What is the “brainstorming” design alternative?
You generate a lot of ideas, but once finalized have made no decisions
What is the “persona” design alternative?
Create a fictional summary of user including goals, needs, wants and frustration
What is the “storyboard” design alternative?
A storyboard that conveys a design decision, includes setting, sequence, and user satisfaction
What is prototyping?
An experimental process where design teams implement ideas into tangible forms from paper to digital
What is a low-fidelity prototype?
A prototype that covers some interaction but no aesthetic (quick and dirty)
What is a mid-fidelity prototype?
Wireframes (all interactions but no aesthetics)
What is a high-fidelity prototype?
A prototype that covers all interactions and aesthetics, gives users expectations of a products full functionality
What is Wizard of Oz prototyping?
Prototyping method where the system’s behavior is replicated with a human
What are the benefits of Wizard of Oz prototyping?
Can reduce time and money by testing functionalities that are not yet implemented
What steps take you from sketches to software prototypes?
Sketches > wireframe > mockups > software prototype
What are 2 tools that can be used to perform task analysis?
GOMS and Cognitive Task Analysis
What does GOMS stand for?
Goals, Operators, Methods, Selection Rules
Give examples of methods for information transmission.
Email, WhatsApp, conversation
What is an advantage of GOMS?
Lets you formally assess the efficiency of the interface (how long does it take to perform a task, how many steps the user has to take) –> Lets you rationalize design choice
What is GOMS lacking?
Cognition, because it assumes humans are input/ output machines
What is the goal of Cognitive Task Analysis?
Analyzing and understanding the cognitive processes needed to perform a task
What are the steps in a CTA?
- Collect primary knowledge (observe people while they perform the task)
- Identify knowledge representations (what the users need to perform the task)
- Apply focused knowledge elicitation methods (populate knowledge representations)
- Analyze and verify the data acquired
- Format results for the intended application (design interfaces based on analysis)
What are the advantages of CTA?
It’s less formal but good enough to design interfaces, considers cognitive aspects of a task
What are the disadvantages of CTA?
Requires interdisciplinary collaboration, it’s time consuming
