5 - Introduction to Human-Robot Interaction

Question 1

What’s the difference between HRI and robotics?

Answer 1

Robotics concerns the creation of physical robots and the ways they manipulate the physical world. HRI concerns the ways in which robots interact with people in the social world

Question 2

What does the Matching the form and function of design principle say?

Answer 2

Robot appearance drives your expectations of its skills. For example, a human-like robot should perform human-like skills

Question 3

What does the Underpromise and overdeliver design principle say?

Answer 3

Introducing a robot as an intelligent agent will increase expectations about its interaction capacities

Question 4

What does the Interaction expands function design principle say?

Answer 4

The design process should be open-ended, meaning: interactions with different people and in different environments will lead to unplanned use cases (ex. octopus robot in medical robotics)

Question 5

What does the Do not mix the metaphor design principle say?

Answer 5

The appearance of the robot should reflect the skills of the robot. Ex. a human-like robot with no mouth or hands might lead to unproductive interaction

Question 6

What is the Uncanny Valley?

Answer 6

If a robot/ VR character appears to be almost fully human-like, the likeability/ familiarity will sharply decrease.

Question 7

What are the types of interaction in HRI?

Answer 7

Spatial, non-verbal, and verbal

Question 8

What are important considerations in spatial interaction in HRI?

Answer 8

Where should the robot be placed? What are socially acceptable distances? …

Question 9

What are important considerations in verbal interaction in HRI?

Answer 9

• How information is transmitted
• Creating joint attention between interaction partners
• Creating a shared reality between interaction partners

Question 10

What are key factors in nonverbal interaction in HRI?

Answer 10

• Gaze and eye movement
• Pointing, gesturing and facial expressions
• Touching, light-emitting diodes
• Body postures and movements

Question 11

What is immersion?

Answer 11

The objective degree to which a VR system & application delivers a vivid illusion of reality to the senses of the human users

Question 12

What is presence?

Answer 12

Psychological state/ subjective perception in which the user senses being in the virtual environment

Question 13

What is the difference between immersion and presence?

Answer 13

Immersion relates to the technology used to engage the users in the experience. Presence relates to a psychological state that may or may not be mediated by the technology

Question 14

Name 3 factors that can cause a break in presence.

Answer 14

Sounds coming from the real world, awareness of technological interface, interaction with a physical object

Question 15

What are the 4 components of presence?

Answer 15

Place illusion, embodiment, physical interaction and social presence

Question 16

What is place illusion (presence)?

Answer 16

The illusion a user gets pf being in a stable spatial space

Question 17

What causes place illusion?

Answer 17

When all the user’s sensory modalities are congruent such that sensory stimuli behave as if they originate from real-world objects in 3D space

Question 18

What is the illusion of embodiment (presence)?

Answer 18

The illusion that the user has a body within the virtual world

Question 19

How can embodiment increase presence?

Answer 19

If the virtual body’s actions properly map to the user’s movements, presence is increased.

Question 20

True or False: the virtual body should look like the user.

Answer 20

False.

Question 21

What is the illusion of physical interaction (presence)

Answer 21

The virtual world should respond to the user’s actions in some way or another (looking around (long-term) does not suffice)

Question 22

What types of feedback can be used to increase the illusion of physical interaction?

Answer 22

Audio, visual highlighting, the rumble of a controller, etc.

Question 23

What is the illusion of social presence (presence)?

Answer 23

The perception that one is really communicating with other virtual characters

Question 24

True or False: Social realism requires physical realism

Answer 24

False (even partial body representations can induce social presence)

Question 25

What is representational fidelity?

Answer 25

The degree to which a VR experience conveys a place that could be on Earth

Question 26

What is the spectrum for representational fidelity (give examples)?

Answer 26

Low fidelity (ex. abstract objects) to high fidelity (ex. photorealistic immersive film)

Question 27

What is interaction fidelity?

Answer 27

The degree to which physical actions for a virtual task correspond to the physical actions for a real-world task

Question 28

What is experiential fidelity?

Answer 28

The degree to which the user’s personal experiences matches the intended experience of the VR creator