6 determinants of Gait Flashcards
What are the 6 determinants of Gait?
- Pelvic Rotation
- Pelvic Obliquity
- Knee flexion in stance phase
- Ankle Mechanism
- Foot Mechanism
- Lateral Displacement of body
What does horizontal plane pelvic rotation do?
- Functionally lengthens the LE in DLS
- Hip Flex/Ext angle required is reduced
- Downward displacement of COG is reduced
If the pelvis doesn’t rotate, what happens to vertical displacement?
There is a bigger vertical displacement
What happens during Pelvic Obliquity (frontal plane pelvic rotation)?
- The contralateral pelvis drops during midstance (mid swing of the dropped limb), which minimizes the net elevation of the COG
What happens to the displacement of COG when the knee is flexed during mid stance?
Reduces the function length of LE, reducing the upward displacement of COG
What does the ankle do during LR?
Plantar flexes
What does the ankle do during Mid Stance?
Dorsiflexes
When is Peak DF?
Terminal Stance
When is Peak PF?
Initial Swing
When is Peak Hip Flexion?
LR and Mid Swing
When is Peak Hip Extension?
Opposite IC
When is Peak Knee Flexion?
Initial Swing
When is Peak Knee Extension?
Terminal Stance and Terminal Swing
When does the foot reach maximum pronation?
Mid Stance
What are the angle ranges for the Pelvis, Hip, Knee, Ankle, and Foot at IC?
Pelvis- Lead limb rotated forward 5 degrees Hip- Flexed 25-30 degrees Knee- Flexed 0-5 degrees Ankle- Neutral Foot- slightly supinated
What are the angle ranges for the Pelvis, Hip, Knee, Ankle, and Foot at LR?
Trunk- Lowest vertical Position Pelvis- Forward (Lead Limb) Hip- extended to 20 degrees Knee- Flexed 10 degrees Ankle- PF to 5 degrees Foot- slightly pronated
What are the angle ranges for the Pelvis, Hip, Knee, Ankle, and Foot at LR?
Trunk- Lowest vertical Position Pelvis- Forward (Lead Limb) Hip- extended to 20 degrees Knee- Flexed 10 degrees Ankle- PF to 5 degrees Foot- slightly pronated
What are the angle ranges for the Pelvis, Hip, Knee, Ankle, and Foot at Mid Stance?
Trunk- Highest vertical Position
Pelvis- rotate back toward neutral (Lead Limb)
Hip- extended through neutral
Knee- Flexed 15 degrees then extends 0-5 degrees
Ankle- DF to 5 degrees
Foot- slightly pronated, starts to reverse
What are the angle ranges for the Pelvis, Hip, Knee, Ankle, and Foot at Terminal Stance?
Trunk- vertical Position begins to lower
Pelvis- rotate back (Lead Limb)
Hip- extended 10-20 degrees, reaches peak
Knee- Flexed 15 degrees then extends 0-5 degrees
Ankle- DF to 5 degrees
Foot- slightly pronated, starts to reverse
What are the angle ranges for the Pelvis, Hip, Knee, Ankle, and Foot at Pre-Swing?
Pelvis- still back (Lead Limb) Hip- extended 10 degrees Knee- Flexed 30-35 degrees Ankle- PF to 15 degrees Foot- max supination MTPs- Extended to 60 degrees
What are the angle ranges for the Pelvis, Hip, Knee, Ankle, and Foot at Initial Swing?
Trunk- Gains height Pelvis- rotates forward (Lead Limb) Hip- Flexed 15 degrees Knee- Flexed 60-70 degrees Ankle- PF to 25 degrees after toe off
What are the angle ranges for the Pelvis, Hip, Knee, Ankle, and Foot at Mid Swing?
Trunk- Highest vertical position Pelvis- Neutral (Lead Limb) Hip- Flexed 25-30 degrees Knee- Extends 25 degrees Ankle- neutral
What are the angle ranges for the Pelvis, Hip, Knee, Ankle, and Foot at Terminal Swing?
Trunk- lowering vertical position Pelvis- Rotates forward(Lead Limb) Hip- Flexed 25-30 degrees Knee- Approaches full extension Ankle- neutral Foot- slightly supinated
What happens with ankle mechanism?
Heel sticks out behind the ankle, lengthening the leg, reducing the downward displacement of COG
