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K&B II > 6 determinants of Gait > Flashcards

6 determinants of Gait Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 6 determinants of Gait?

A
  1. Pelvic Rotation
  2. Pelvic Obliquity
  3. Knee flexion in stance phase
  4. Ankle Mechanism
  5. Foot Mechanism
  6. Lateral Displacement of body
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2
Q

What does horizontal plane pelvic rotation do?

A
  • Functionally lengthens the LE in DLS
  • Hip Flex/Ext angle required is reduced
  • Downward displacement of COG is reduced
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3
Q

If the pelvis doesn’t rotate, what happens to vertical displacement?

A

There is a bigger vertical displacement

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4
Q

What happens during Pelvic Obliquity (frontal plane pelvic rotation)?

A
  • The contralateral pelvis drops during midstance (mid swing of the dropped limb), which minimizes the net elevation of the COG
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5
Q

What happens to the displacement of COG when the knee is flexed during mid stance?

A

Reduces the function length of LE, reducing the upward displacement of COG

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6
Q

What does the ankle do during LR?

A

Plantar flexes

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7
Q

What does the ankle do during Mid Stance?

A

Dorsiflexes

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8
Q

When is Peak DF?

A

Terminal Stance

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9
Q

When is Peak PF?

A

Initial Swing

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10
Q

When is Peak Hip Flexion?

A

LR and Mid Swing

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11
Q

When is Peak Hip Extension?

A

Opposite IC

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12
Q

When is Peak Knee Flexion?

A

Initial Swing

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13
Q

When is Peak Knee Extension?

A

Terminal Stance and Terminal Swing

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14
Q

When does the foot reach maximum pronation?

A

Mid Stance

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15
Q

What are the angle ranges for the Pelvis, Hip, Knee, Ankle, and Foot at IC?

A 
Pelvis- Lead limb rotated forward 5 degrees
Hip- Flexed 25-30 degrees
Knee- Flexed 0-5 degrees
Ankle- Neutral
Foot- slightly supinated
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16
Q

What are the angle ranges for the Pelvis, Hip, Knee, Ankle, and Foot at LR?

A 
Trunk- Lowest vertical Position
Pelvis- Forward (Lead Limb)
Hip- extended to 20 degrees
Knee- Flexed 10 degrees
Ankle- PF to 5 degrees
Foot- slightly pronated
17
Q

What are the angle ranges for the Pelvis, Hip, Knee, Ankle, and Foot at LR?

A 
Trunk- Lowest vertical Position
Pelvis- Forward (Lead Limb)
Hip- extended to 20 degrees
Knee- Flexed 10 degrees
Ankle- PF to 5 degrees
Foot- slightly pronated
18
Q

What are the angle ranges for the Pelvis, Hip, Knee, Ankle, and Foot at Mid Stance?

A

Trunk- Highest vertical Position
Pelvis- rotate back toward neutral (Lead Limb)
Hip- extended through neutral
Knee- Flexed 15 degrees then extends 0-5 degrees
Ankle- DF to 5 degrees
Foot- slightly pronated, starts to reverse

19
Q

What are the angle ranges for the Pelvis, Hip, Knee, Ankle, and Foot at Terminal Stance?

A

Trunk- vertical Position begins to lower
Pelvis- rotate back (Lead Limb)
Hip- extended 10-20 degrees, reaches peak
Knee- Flexed 15 degrees then extends 0-5 degrees
Ankle- DF to 5 degrees
Foot- slightly pronated, starts to reverse

20
Q

What are the angle ranges for the Pelvis, Hip, Knee, Ankle, and Foot at Pre-Swing?

A 
Pelvis- still back (Lead Limb)
Hip- extended 10 degrees
Knee- Flexed 30-35 degrees 
Ankle- PF to 15 degrees
Foot- max supination
MTPs- Extended to 60 degrees
21
Q

What are the angle ranges for the Pelvis, Hip, Knee, Ankle, and Foot at Initial Swing?

A 
Trunk- Gains height
Pelvis- rotates forward (Lead Limb)
Hip- Flexed 15 degrees
Knee- Flexed 60-70 degrees 
Ankle- PF to 25 degrees after toe off
22
Q

What are the angle ranges for the Pelvis, Hip, Knee, Ankle, and Foot at Mid Swing?

A 
Trunk- Highest vertical position
Pelvis- Neutral (Lead Limb)
Hip- Flexed 25-30 degrees
Knee- Extends 25 degrees 
Ankle- neutral
23
Q

What are the angle ranges for the Pelvis, Hip, Knee, Ankle, and Foot at Terminal Swing?

A 
Trunk- lowering vertical position
Pelvis- Rotates forward(Lead Limb)
Hip- Flexed 25-30 degrees
Knee- Approaches full extension
Ankle- neutral
Foot- slightly supinated
24
Q

What happens with ankle mechanism?

A

Heel sticks out behind the ankle, lengthening the leg, reducing the downward displacement of COG

25
Q

What happens with foot mechanism?

A

PF of the foot lengthens the leg, reducing the downward displacement of COG

26
Q

What are the benefits of a narrow walking base?

A

Less energy is used shifting the COG to the right and left.

27
Q

Describe IC until the age of 2.

A

IC is made with the flat foot

28
Q

Describe stance and swing phase of a child until the age of 2.

A
  • Little stance phase flexion

- Whole leg is externally rotated in swing phase

29
Q

Describe walking base and arm swing of a child until the age of 4.

A
  • Wider walking base

- No reciprocal arm swing

K&B II (6 decks)

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