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Neuro M2T2 Ex 1 > 6. Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

6. Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

CN12 has what components, what does it do, and what nucleus does it come from?

A

Hypoglossal nerve.
1 somatic motor component going to muscles of tongue
Hypoglossal nucelus

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2
Q

CN6 has what components, what does it do, and what nucleus does it come from?

A

Abducens
1 somatic motor component going to lateral rectus muscle of eye
Abducens nucleus

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3
Q

CN4 has what components, what does it do, and what nucleus does it come from? Fx of m. it innervates? What is so special about CN4

A

Trochlear n
1 somatic motor component going to superior oblique muscle (depression, intorsion)
Trochlear nucleus

Special: Innervates contralateral eye

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4
Q

CN11 has what components, what does it do, and what nucleus does it come from?

A

Spinal accessory n
1 branchial motor going to trapezius and SCM
Spinal accessory nuc

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5
Q

CN3 has what components, what does it do, and what nucleus does it come from?

A

Occulomotor n
1 somatic motor and 1 visceral motor
Somatic motor: innervate medial, inferior, superior rectus m., inferior oblique m., superior levator palpebrae m. - From occulomotor nuc
Visceral motor: innervate pupil and ciliary m - From Edinger-Westphal nuc

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6
Q

CN5 has what components, what does it do, and what nucleus does it come from?

A

Trigeminal n
1 branchial motor and 1 somatic sensory
Branchial motor: Muscles of mastication - Motor nuc of V
Somatic sensory: sensory R from face - Trigeminal sensory nuclei

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7
Q

CN7 has what components, what does it do, and what nucleus does it come from?

A

Facial n
2 motor and 2 sensory components
Brancial motor: M. of facial expression - facial motor nucleus
Visceral motor: Salivary and lacrimal glands - superior salivary nucleus
Special visceral sensory: Taste buds and project to solitary nucleus
Somatic sensory - outer ear projecting to spinal nuc of V

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8
Q

CN9 has what components, what does it do, and what nucleus does it come from?

A

Glossopharyngeal n
2 motor, 3 sensory
Branchial motor: stylopharyngeus m. - nucleus ambiguus
Visceral motor: parotid gland - inferior salivary nucleus
Special visceral sensory: taste buds and projecting to solitary nuc
Visceral sensory: pharynx, carotid body, and sinus - solitary nucleus
Somatic sensory: outer ear, pharynx, and posterior tongue - spinal nucleus of V

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9
Q

CN10 has what components, what does it do, and what nucleus does it come from?

A

Vagus
2 Motor, 3 sensory
Branchial motor: m. of pharynx and larynx - nuc ambiguus
Visceral motor: thoracic and abdominal viscera - dorsal motor nuc of X
Special visceral sensory: taste buds - solitary nuc
Visceral sensory: thoracic and abdominal viscera - solitary nuc
Somatic sensory: outer ear - spinal nuc of V

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10
Q

What are the three nuclei that are shared by the cranial nerves?

A

Solitary nucleus
Spinal nucleus of V
Nucleus ambiguus

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11
Q

What information is received by the solitary nucleus, which nerve(s)?

A

Shared by CN7,9,10. Taste info from rostral 2/3 of the tongue goes in CN7, posterior 1/3 is CN9, epiglottis is CN10

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12
Q

Which nucleus has fibers from CN 5, 7, 9, 10?

A

Spinal nucleus of 5

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13
Q

Which cranial nerves share nucleus ambiguus?

A

CN 9, CN 10

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14
Q

Generally speaking, what happens with a upper motor neuron lesion?

A

Nothing because you have contralateral innervation as well that make up for the lesion. May be weaker

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15
Q

Generally speaking, what happens with a lower motor neuron lesion?

A

See ipsilateral deficits

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16
Q

CN1 has what components, what does it do, and what nucleus does it come from?

A

Olfactory n.
Special sensory: Smell
Projects into the pyriform area B/L

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17
Q

CN2 has what components, what does it do, and what nucleus does it come from?

A

Optic n.
Special sensory: Vision
Projects to: Superior colliculus (pretectal area of midbrain), lateral geniculate nucleus (thalamus) –> visual cortex

Also to suprachiasmatic nucleus (hypothalamus)

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18
Q

What is the purpose of CN2 having projections to the suprachiasmatic nucleus?

A

For wakefulness/sleep (Circadian rhythm)

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19
Q

What is the pathway for how visual information comes in through the optic nerve to the visual cortex?

A

Signal goes through optic nerve to to lateral geniculate nucleus in thalamus –> Meyer’s loop –> optic radiations –> visual cortex

20
Q

What are the muscles and fx of those muscles that are innervated by CN3?

A

Pupillary muscle
Medial rectus - adduction
Inferior rectus - depression and extortion
Superior rectus - elevation and intortion
Inferior oblique - elevation and extortion

21
Q

Which opening does CN3 transverse through to get to its target organ?

A

Superior orbital fissure

22
Q

How does accommodation work?

A

Ciliary body contracts –> suspensory ligs loosen –> lens gets thicker –> NEAR VISION

Ciliary body relaxes –> suspensory ligs tighten –> lens gets stretched thin –> FAR VISION

23
Q

Pupillary reflex

A

Shine light in one eye, goes through optic nerve to superior colliculus B/L –> interneuron to edinger-westphal –> occulomotor PNS branch to ciliary ganglion –> pupillary constriction

24
Q

What happens if you damage the right optic nerve and shine light in right eye? Shine light in left eye?

A

No pupil reflex in either eye if you shine light in right eye.
Shine light in left eye, pupillary reflex in tact for both eyes

25
Q

What happens if you damage the right occulomotor nerve and shine light in right eye? Shine light in left eye?

A

Shine light in right eye: Left eye constricts, right eye doesn’t
Shine light in left eye: Left eye constricts, right eye doesn’t

26
Q

The facial motor nucleus wraps around which other nucleus?

A

Abducens nucleus

27
Q

Conjugate gaze nerves and pathway

A

CN3, CN6
Starts in superior colliculus –> PPRF (lateral gaze center)
PPRF sends projects to two nuclei:
1) abducens nuc. - eye abduction
2) Occulomotor nuc - eye adduction through MLF (medial longitudinal fasiculus)

28
Q

Lesion in MLF would cause what?

A

Imaired conugate gaze (doesnt get to occulomotor nucleus)

29
Q

What is internuclear opthalmoplegia

A

Paresis of adduction in one eye and nystagmus in contralateral abducting eye

30
Q

What are the three branches of the trigeminal nerve?

A

V1 - opthalmic (sensory)
v2 - maxillary (sensory)
v3 - mandibular (sensory and motor)

31
Q

What is the pathway for afferent sensory information for trigeminal nerve to the sensory cortex?

A

Signal passes through ganglion to get to brainstem spinal nucleus of V –> decussates and synapses onto thalamus –> goes to sensory cortex

32
Q

What nerve is responsible for the bite reflex?

A

Trigeminal V3

33
Q

Pathway to induce secretions from the submandibular and sublingual glands. Which CN?

A

CN7
Superior salivary nucleus –> submandibular and ptergopalatine nuclei –> secretions from submandibular and sublingual glands

34
Q

CN7 relays touch and pain sensation. Which areas?

A

Concha of ear
External auditory meatus
External surface of tympanic membrane
Skin behind ear

35
Q

What is the difference in facial expression muscles’ innervation above the eye and below the eye?

A

Above eye: inn. by both upper and lower MN

Below eye: inn. by contralateral side

36
Q

What happens if upper motor nuclei lesion of facial motor nucleus?

A

Not much difference, slight dropping of corner of mouth.

37
Q

What happens if lower motor nuclei lesion of facial motor nucleus?

A

Drooping of lower portion of face

38
Q

What are the nuclei involved in CN8 and fx.

A 
Vestibular  nuc (balance)
Dorsal cochlear (contralateral, hearing)
Ventral cochlear (B/L) hearing
39
Q

Solitary nucleus receives which inputs?

A

CN7 - taste anterior 2/3
CN9 - taste posterior 1/3
CN10 - taste epiglottis

CN9 - carotid body has chemoreceptor (rate of respiration) that monitors O2, CO2, and acidity/alkalinity (at break between internal and external carotid arteries)
Carotid sinus has baroreceptors that monitor blood pressure

CN10- aortic bodies - chemoR
aortic arch - baroR

40
Q

Which nerves are tested with the gag reflex?

A

CN9, CN10

41
Q

Fx of vagus on heart, lungs, GI

A

Cardiac: slow HR
Resp: bronchiolar secretions and bronchoconstriction in lungs
GI: stimulate secretion and motility

42
Q

Gag reflex

A

CN9 is sensory
Vagus is motor

Sensory input of something in back of mouth:

  1. closure of epiglottis
  2. protrusion of tongue (hypoglossal n)
  3. constrict pharyngeal m
43
Q

CN11 innervates which two muscles? C/L or ipsilateral?

A

Trapezius - contralateral

SCM - ipsilateral

44
Q

CN12 inn which muscle?

A

genioglossal

45
Q

UMN lesion of CN12

A

Tongue deviates to contralateral side

46
Q

LMN lesion of CN12

A

Tongue deviates to ipsilateral side

Neuro M2T2 Ex 1 (18 decks)

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