Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuro M2T2 Ex 1 > 3. Blood Brain Barrier > Flashcards

3. Blood Brain Barrier Flashcards

1
Q

If a water-soluble dye is injected in the blood, does it cross into the brain at all? If so, which area?

A

No penetration from the blood into the brain EXCEPT for the CHOROID PLEXUS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Is there a gap between the astrocytic endfeet and the outside of the blood vessel?

A

Yes, gap is ~20nm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Blood/brain barrier is a barrier between blood and what? What structure is responsible?

A

Extracellular fluidEndothelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Blood/CSF barrier is a barrier between blood and CSF. Where?

A

Tight ependymal junctions (tight junctions, epithelium)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

CSF/Brain barrier is a barrier between CSF and what?Which level?

A

Extracellular fluidLeaky ependymal junctions (epithelium)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Are dura mater blood vessels fenestrated or non-fenestrated?

A

They are fenestrated –> fluid can pass from endothelial cells into extracellular space with enough pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Are arachnoid and pia mater blood vessels fenestrated? Give the three important characteristics of blood vessels in this region that make up the BBB

A
  1. Nonfenestrated with tight junctions2. Lack pinocytic vesicles 3. Endothelium is selectively permeable
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the name given to the perivascular space that exists around the arterial branches that penetrate the brain?

A

Virchow Robin space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What surrounds the endothelial cells and pericytes?

A

Basal lamina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

5 components of bassal lamina

A
  1. laminin2. fibronectin3. tenascin4. collagen5. proteoglycans
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Fx of basal lamina

A
  1. Cell attachment2. cell migration3. barrier to passage of macromolecules
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What do pericytes do?

A

Regulate proliferation, survival, migration, differentiation, and branching

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Are pericytes phagocytic?

A

Yes, pericytes are phagocytic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

T/F Gap junctions are present between pericytes and endothelial cells, also present between astrocytes and endothelial cells.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What do astrocytes do?

A

Help with BBB functionSurvey and identify what is coming and going through barrierGuide neuronal migration and vessel migration during development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does the BBB restrict?

A

Passage of high-charged molecules, large molecules, low lipid soluble molecules, and toxins/drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Between which cells are tight junctions present in the BBB? Purpose of them?

A

Between the endothelial cells.Purpose is to maintain high electrical resistant barrier, not let much through (low paracellular permeability)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What kind of junctions are present between two endothelial cells?

A

Gap junctions, tight junctions (zonula occludens), and zonula adherens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the three important proteins found in tight junctions?

A

Occludins, claudins, zonula occludins (ZO1, 2, 3)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which protein in tight junctions acts as the primary seal?

A

Cluadins

21
Q

What is the function of ZO1,2,3? What can they bind to?

A

Act as recognition proteins for tight junctional placementOccludins, cytoskeleton, kinases, signal transcution proteins

22
Q

What are JAMs and where are they found?

A

JAMS are members of immunoglobulin superfamilyFound in tight junctions

23
Q

What happens in infants and newborns if unconjugated bilirubin crosses the BBB?

A

Kernicterusunconjugated bilirubin is toxic to brain tissue. Barrier not as good in infants

24
Q

Endothelia in the brain have more _________ because they require more active transport

A

mitochondria

25
Q

Which enzymes are located in endothelial cells? Purpose of having these enzymes?

A
  1. gamma glutamyl transpeptidase2. alkaline phosphatase3. aromatic acid decarboxylaseMetabolizes drugs, nutrients, neuroactive blood-borne substances
26
Q

Are peripheral capillary walls thinner than brain capillary walls?

A

No, brain caps are actually thinner to allow for shorter transport time

27
Q

Difference between subdural and subarachnoid/pia capillaries

A

Subdural caps are fenestrated and do not have tight junctionsSubarachnoid/pia caps are not fenestrated and have tight junctions

28
Q

T/F There is polarity between the two sides of the endothelial cell in BBB

A

True. Polarity exists between the luminal and abluminal surfaces

29
Q

Two major pathways for transport on BBB

A

Lipid mediation, catalyzed transport

30
Q

Lipid mediation transport w/ BBB

A

Lipid solubility –> passive diffusionSmall lipid molecules and most drugs get through

31
Q

How is CHO/acid metabolic substrates transported in brain?

A

Through carrier mediated facilitated transportation

32
Q

How are vitamins and ions transported?

A

Active transport, catalyzed

33
Q

Which occurs faster: Carrier mediated transport vs receptor-mediated transport

A

Carrier mediated transport occurs in msecReceptor-mediated transport occurs in mins

34
Q

What are the two main components of the Blood/CSF barrier (choroid plexus)

A

Fenestrated choroidal capillariesTight junctions between choroidal epithelium

35
Q

Does the choroid plexus reabsorb CSF? Why?

A

Yes. Remove metabolites from CSF for venous drainage; monitor CSF composition

36
Q

Are the choroidal capillaries leaky or not?

A

They are leaky to allow for molecules that will become part of CSF

37
Q

Is CSF/brain barrier leaky? What happens with age? Why is it leaky?

A

Yes, leaky ependymal wall of ventricles. Barrier diminshes with ageFree exchange between the CSF and brain intersitital fluid down concentration gradients

38
Q

What are circumventricular organs (CVO)?

A

Places in brain where there isn’t BBB present; brain structures with direct contact with peripheral blood for monitoring and function

39
Q

Where are the CVOs present?

A

POSS MANP: pineal glandO: organ vasculosom of lamina terminalis (OVLT)S: Subfornical organS: Subcomissural organM: Median eminenceA: Area postremaN: Neurophysis

40
Q

Area postrema fx

A

emetic center of brain, causes emesis w/ noxious substance consumption

41
Q

Subfornical organ location and fx

A

Below fornixThermoregulation, deitary response, communication with hypothalamus, wakefulness

42
Q

How quickly does heroin/morphine uptake into brain?

A

Crosses BBB very quickly; 68% uptake into brain w/in 30

43
Q

Therapy of Parkinson’s disease

A

L-DOPA (precursor to dopamine)Must give amino acid decarboxylase inhibitor to prevent peripheral conversion of L-DOPA to dopamine (inhibitor doesn’t cross BBB)

44
Q

What can you use to decrease intracranial pressure?

A

Mannitol; hyperosmotic - draws water from endo cells to open BBB

45
Q

RMP-7

A

Receptor mediated permeabilizer; deliver carboplatin as chemotherapeutic for brain tumors

46
Q

Tx for tardive dyskinesia

A

DHA with dopamine

47
Q

Tx for multiple sclerosis

A

Flavonoids, act as anti-oxidants for neuroinflammotory response; can cross BBB

48
Q

Brain targetor concept

A

Drug linked to lipohilic targetor that allows conversion to hydrophilic form in the brain –> locks drug into brainPrevents peripheral effect of drug

Neuro M2T2 Ex 1 (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions