Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuro M2T2 Ex 1 > 4. Intro to Neurology: Neuro Exam > Flashcards

4. Intro to Neurology: Neuro Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most important part of the neuro exam?

A

History

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the components of the history?

A 
OPQRST
O= onset and evolution
P = Provocation (exacerbating/relieving factors)
Q = Quality
R = Radiation
S = Severity
T = Timing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Put the following neurologic differentials in order of when they might occur: Neoplastic, Infectious, vascular, degenerative

A

Vascular (trauma), infectious, neoplastic, degenerative (ALS, Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Tell me about the time course for MS

A

Relapsing/remitting course. Can have complete recovery, then go through relapse years later

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Neuro differential mnemonic

A 
Mitch Vindi, DO
M = metabolic
I = Infectious
T = Traumatic 
C = congenital 
H = hereditary 
V = vascular 
I = Immune
N = neoplastic
D = drugs
I = Idiopathic
D = Degenerative/demyelinating
O = other
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Mental status exam components (7)

A
  1. Level of consciousness (alert and awake)
  2. Orientation
  3. Memory
  4. sustained mental activity
  5. language
  6. Folstein examination
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the folstein examination?

A

30-point scale used to measure cognitive impairment

important to note the change in score over time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How do you test the optic nerve?

A

Pupils - important to test for PERLA (pupils equal and reactive to light, accommodation)
Fundoscopic exam - look for papilledema, presence of spontaneous venous pulses (SVP is normal)
Visual Fields

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How do test Ocular motility? What does it tell you?

A

H-test tells you about EOMI (Extra-ocular muscles intact)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What do we test for Trigeminal nerve function?

A

Facial sensation, Muscles of mastication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What do we test for facial nerve function?

A

Muscles of facial expression, corneal reflex (CN5, CN7)

Have patient forcefully smile and try to close eyes (weakness would be no smile on one side and barely closing the eye)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

If there is a CN12 lesion, what do we see?

A

Tongue deviation toward side of lesion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

If the masseter muscle is atrophic on the right side, what is injured?

A

CN5 on right side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

If the jaw deviates to the left side, what is injured?

A

CN5 on left side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Tell me about the scale for grading muscle strength

A 
0 - no contraction
1 - trace movements
2 - active movement with no gravity
3 - active movement with gravity 
4 - active movement with gravity and resistance
5 - full power
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Define spasticity

A

Excessive muscle contraction - “tightness, stiffness”

Don’t get it confused with clonus = involuntary, rhythmic contractions and relaxations

17
Q

What are the four sensory components we test for?

A
  1. Light touch
  2. Pain/temp
  3. Vibration/position
  4. higher cortical sensation
18
Q

What are the two forms of higher cortical sensation? Describe them.

A
  1. Stereognasia - determine what object is when it is placed in hand by feeling it (no looking)
  2. Graphesthesia - determine what letter or number was written in their hand
19
Q

What are the reflexes that are tested?

A

Brachialis, brachioradialis, triceps, patellar, achilles

20
Q

What is the grading scale for the deep tendon reflexes? Which is normal?

A 
0 - absent
1 - hypoactive
2 - normoactive
3 - hyperactive 
4 - hyperactive with clonus

1,2,3 may all be normal

21
Q

What is the pathologic reflex? Describe when its positive and negative. Is positive or negative pathologic?

A 
Babinski sign (+): Great toe dorsiflex, toes fan out
Babinski sign (-): Toes plantarflex

Postive babinski sign is pathological

22
Q

A positive babinksi sign is noted by what in the stick figure drawing?

A

Up arrow

23
Q

How does a UMN lesion present?

A

No atrophy
Spasticity
Inc. Deep Tendon Reflex
+ Babinski

24
Q

How does a LMN lesion present?

A

Atrphy
Flaccidity
Dec or absent DTR
- Babinski

25
Q

What is dysmetria?

A

Lack of coordination, past pointing

26
Q

Dysdiadakokinesia

A

Impaired ability to perform rapid alternating movements

27
Q

Romberg sign

A

+ Romberg sign means there is a significant reduction in balance (patient loses balance with eyes closed)

Neuro M2T2 Ex 1 (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions