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Neuro M2T2 Ex 1 > 18. Pathophys of Traumatic Head Injuries > Flashcards

18. Pathophys of Traumatic Head Injuries Flashcards

1
Q

External head injuries that are located at the level of the hat rim line are indicative of what? Below this line?

A

A fall Below, indicative of injury inflicted on victim

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2
Q

How does a laceration from a fall appear?

A

Wide-shaped margins, abrasions, tissue bridging. Occurs at bony prominence

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3
Q

What is raccoon’s eyes?

A

Bilateral periorbital ecchymosis

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4
Q

What are terminal fall injuries due to?

A

Loss of consciousness

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5
Q

Which kind of injuries typically appear in a linear pattern?

A

Terminal fall injuries

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6
Q

Will punching a person in the face typically cause a fracture?

A

No. Not enough force usually

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7
Q

Five classifications of facial fractures

A

Dentoalveolar fracture LeFort I fracture LeFort II fracture LeFort III fracture Sagittal Fracture

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8
Q

What is a dentoalveolar fracture?

A

Separation of a fragment of the mandible that includes teeth

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9
Q
A

LeFort Fractures

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10
Q

Sagittal Fracture

A

Runs through the sagital plane, passing through the maxilla

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11
Q

What is a subgaleal hematoma

A

Hemorrhage that occurs beneath the galea aponeurotica, a group of tendons that spans the cranium connecting the frontalis and occipitalis muscles

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12
Q

Epidural Hematoma

A

Arterial bleed of MMA or venous sinus, superficial to the dura

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13
Q

EDH effect on cortex

A

Flattens the cortex

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14
Q

EDH occurs rapidly or slowly? What is the significance of this?

A

Rapidly –> increased pressure on cortex –> altered mental status

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15
Q

What is so important to remember about an EDH hematoma?

A

Hematoma has sequestered blood that doesn’t interact with blood circulation –> allows blood content to remain present in hemorrhage –> can test for alcohol, drugs, etc.

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16
Q

What is a SDH?

A

Tearing of bridging veins that link superficial cortical veins to the superior sagittal sinus

17
Q

SDH effect on cortex

A

No real effect, cortex is still undulating even though it is compressed. Can become flattened overtime

18
Q

What can we see with a chronic SDH

A

Will see a fibrous membrane –> sign of child abuse

19
Q

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) results from what?

A

Hemorrhage between the arachnoid and pia. Results from drugs, natural, or trauma

20
Q

Natural cause of SAH, and which drugs cause SAH?

A

Natural cause: berry aneurysm

Drugs: Cocaine and amphetamines

21
Q

Dstatic skull fracture

A

Sawtooth appearance, seen in children with unfused skull bones

22
Q

Basilar fracture is associated with what sign? Where are basilar fractures occur?

A

Associated with Battle Sign: bruising over the mastoid process

Basilar fractures: fractures on the base of skull

23
Q

Hinge fracture

A

Fatal

Extends from one side of skull to another side

24
Q

Ring fracture

A

Around the foramen magna; caused from jumping from high height. Brain basically impaled by vertebra

25
Q

Coup, contra-coup, intermediary coup contusions

A

Coup contusion: contusion resulting from a stationary head being struck by a moving object. Contusion is on side of impact

Contra-coup contusion: contusion resulting from a moving had hitting a stationary object. Contusion is on contralateral side of impact

Intermediary Coup contusion: contusion resulting from rotationary movement of head. Has aspects of both coup and contra-coup

26
Q

Name the kinds of traumatic brain injuries

A

Concussion, Diffusion axonal injury

27
Q

Concussion and its symptoms

A

Functional damage is present, but no damage to axons is noticed

Symptoms: Headache, n/v

28
Q

Difference between concussion and diffusion axonal injury

A

In concussions, we see no structural damage to the axons. In diffusion axonal injury, we see structural damage to axons

29
Q

Diffusion axonal injury effects, where is the injury most often seen

A

Oftentimes due to brain moving side-to-side

More severe, leads to memory and motor problems, personality disorders, and impaired cognitive ability

Seen in white matter tracts (high density of axons), including corpus callosum, internal capsule, cerebral peduncles

30
Q

What would the presence of BAPP indicate?

A

Beta amyloid precursor protein - indicates axonal damage noticed with diffusion axonal injury

31
Q

Shaken Baby Syndrome. What damage is noted?

A

Result of rapid acceleration or deceleration multiple times

No distinct impact sites

Sub-dural hematoma and brain swelling, cervical cord injury, retinal and optic n. injury

32
Q
A

Neuro M2T2 Ex 1 (18 decks)

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