6. C/D Other GI Nematodes Flashcards
Which two hookworms mainly affect dogs? Which one is more northern vs southern?
Uncinaria stenocephala in northern areas
Ancylostoma caninum in southern dongs
What type of egg do strongyle-type egg of uncinaria look like?
oval, thin-shelled, morula present, multi-cellular
What is the epidemology/ecologu of unicinaria stenocephala (northern hookworm)
most coom hookworm dogs in canada
eggs/larvae not environmentally resistant
rarely causes pathology or clinical illness
Dx by fecal float or adult nematode ID
regular deworming and pick up feces for prevention
not known to be zoonotic
What is the life cycle of unicinaria stenocephala?
shed in feces as eggs with morula > L1-L3 in enviro for 4-8 days (temp >7.5C), L3 ingested by paratenic host or DH > mucosal migration > goes thru intestine and repeats
PPP 2-3wks
What is the epideiology/ecology of A. caninum?
more common in Southern USA
canid DH - prevalence and intensity highest in yg
eggs and larvae are not environmentally
not cold tolerant
Thrive in warm, humid, unsanitary kennel
zoonotic - people are aberrant DH
What is the life cycle of any age of dog but especially in young dogs?
What is its primary route of transmission and PPP?
Percutaneous (skin penetration) L3 primary route, PPP 2-3wk
Adults shed feces with morula > L1-L3 spend 5-8 days in enviro (temp >15C), then migrate by semi-tracheal migration: skin to vasculature to right heart to lung, coughed up and swallowed to GIT, then defecated out
What is the life cycle for dogs older than 6mo of age by ingesting L3 A. caninum?
Ched thru feces with morula > L1-L3 larvae > ingested or ingests a paratenic host with L3 larvae > can migrate via mucosal and defecated OR somatically and migrate into the tissues and transferred to larvae in milk.
A single infection can affect 3 litters
What are the 4 clinical syndromes in dogs of A. caninum?
- Per-acute: nursing pups in 2nd wk of life, severe anemia in PPP (b4 eggs seen in feces) melena, death
- Acute: older pups exposed to high infective doses, severe anemia in PP (b4 eggs in feces)
- Chronic compensated (partially immune): adult dogs in endemic areas, no or few clinical signs
- Secondary decompensated: adult dogs with concomitant health/immunity problems and therefore a variety of symptoms
What is the pathogenesis of ancylostoma?
Skin (summer eczema) interdigital spaces, limbs, ventrum
Resp signs - migrating larvae
Blood feeding - pre adults/adults (PPP) - anemia
In people, cutaneous larval migrans
How can we diagnose and control A. caninum?
based on hx (S. USA) and clin signs
Fecal Ab (even in PPP b4 eggs are shed), fecal PCR and float for strongyle type egg
adult nematode ID
52-79μ x 28-58μ in size
Control by deworm pups/kittens @ 2wks old
supporting therapy (transfusion); hand raise
extra label tx pregnant and lactating females
spay females
enviro hygiene and kennel mgmt
tx failures increasingly common bc of anthelmintic resistance
What is the main hookworm of cats?
Ancylostoma tubaeforme
What is the epidemiology/ecology of ancylostoma tubaeforme?
rare in cats in canada but common in US
life cycle similar to uncinaria - no somatic larvae or transmammary transmission
more often asymptomatic
can cause anemia, diarrhea w/ melena, and weight loss in kittnes. considered potentially zoonotic
What are the common nematodes of dogs and where do they normally live?
A threadworm, typically in the small intestine
strongyloids stercoralis
Are both males and females parasytic of the S. stercoralis?
only females are parasitic
What is th eepidemiology/ecology of S. stercoralis?
worldwide, warm and humid so rare in Canada
affects people and dogs as DH but cats can be infected
they have free-livjng(everywhere that bacteria is) and parasitic cycles (only females parasitic)
has transmammary transmission (larvae acquired by dam during lactation
