6 - Body Volume Disturbances

Question 1

effects of ATII and aldosterone on kidneys

Answer 1

ATII: stim Na/H exchange in PT
aldosterone: stim reabs of Na / excretion of K in DT and CD, also stim H ATPase in late DT and CD

Question 2

mechanism for diuretic effect of xanthines (caffeine, theophylline)

Answer 2

inc RBF

Question 3

how do diuretics get where they need to be?

Answer 3

secreted into tubule lumen in PT > can get to active sites on luminal side of tubules throughout nephron

Question 4

main competitive inhibitor to diuretics

Answer 4

uric acid

Question 5

target of loop diuretics

Answer 5

Na/K/2Cl cotransporter in ascending limb of LoH

Question 6

where do thiazide diuretics act?

Answer 6

NaCl transporter in DCT

Question 7

lab findings in hypovolemic pt

Answer 7

elevated BUN/CR ratio
dec urine Na
dec FeNa
hemoconcentration

Question 8

starling law

Answer 8

determines volume transfer in capillaries

permeability * SA (dP-dOncoticP)

Question 9

causes of edema / volume overload

Answer 9

inc venous pressure
hypoalbuminemia
inc cap permeability (burns, ARDS, malnutrition, idiopathic)
lymphatic obstruction
renal Na retention