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ECC > 6: Blood Products and Transfusions > Flashcards

6: Blood Products and Transfusions Flashcards

1
Q

Below what Hb is transfusion indicated?

A

7g/dl

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2
Q

Below what Hb is transfusion required?

A

5g/dl

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3
Q

Which patients should all be transfused?

A

Symptomatic

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4
Q

Which species compensates well for low Hb?

A

Cats

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5
Q

What are some other indications for transfusion?

A

Thrombocytopaenia, hypoproteinaemia, coagulopathies

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6
Q

Do you get heart murmurs in anaemia or hypovolaemia?

A

Anaemia only

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7
Q

Why can you not freeze RBCs?

A

They have metabolic activity

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8
Q

What does a cryoprecipitate contain?

A

Factor VIII, fibrinogen, vWF

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9
Q

What does cryosupernatant contain?

A

Albumin and vitamin K

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10
Q

Which species is the pet blood bank for?

A

Dogs only

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11
Q

How quickly can the pet blood bank get blood?

A

A few hours

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12
Q

What are the seven types of blood product you can get?

A

Whole blood, plasma, packed RBC, platelet rich, cryoprecipitate, cryosupernatant, leucocyte concentrate

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13
Q

How big must dog donors be?

A

Over 25kg

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14
Q

What are greyhounds good for getting?

A

Good for RBCs, less good for plasma

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15
Q

What blood type should donor dogs be?

A

DEA 1 and 7 negative

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16
Q

How much blood can you take from a donor dog?

A

20ml/kg every 4 weeks (20% volume)

17
Q

What must nutrition be like in a donor dog?

A

High plane

18
Q

How much blood can you take from a donor cat?

A

10% and must monitor for hypovolaemia

19
Q

What must you do before taking a blood donation from a cat?

A

Sedate it

20
Q

What do you use to find cat blood types?

A

Typing cards

21
Q

How much blood do you take from a cat?

A

43ml in 7ml anticoagulant

22
Q

How long can you store RBCs/whole blood for?

A

28 days

23
Q

What happens to blood if it is stored for too long?

A

Decreased pH (lactic acidosis), decreased DPG so increased Hb/O activity, Ca chelated by citrate, increased ammonia, increased K, decreased Na

24
Q

What can you premedicate with before a blood transfusion?

A

Histamine

25
Q

Why do you need a filter on a transfusion set?

A

To avoid microclots

26
Q

What are the signs of an acute transfusion reaction?

A

Pyrexia, tachycardia, vomiting, urticaria, diarrhoea, restlessness, haemoglobinuria

27
Q

How do you treat a transfusion reaction?

A

Stop infusion, steroids, diuretics, diphenhydramine

28
Q

What are some other complications of tranfusions?

A

Allergies to plasma proteins, volume overload, bacterial contamination, hypoCa, coagulopathies

29
Q

What drug can stop excessive bleeding?

A

Tranexamic acid

30
Q

Which drug causes platelet release?

A

Vincristine

31
Q

What drug causes vWF release?

A

DDAVP

32
Q

What are colloids good for?

A

Volume support

33
Q

How much isotonic saline do you need to give?

A

Large amounts

ECC (7 decks)

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