6: Blood Products and Transfusions Flashcards
Below what Hb is transfusion indicated?
7g/dl
Below what Hb is transfusion required?
5g/dl
Which patients should all be transfused?
Symptomatic
Which species compensates well for low Hb?
Cats
What are some other indications for transfusion?
Thrombocytopaenia, hypoproteinaemia, coagulopathies
Do you get heart murmurs in anaemia or hypovolaemia?
Anaemia only
Why can you not freeze RBCs?
They have metabolic activity
What does a cryoprecipitate contain?
Factor VIII, fibrinogen, vWF
What does cryosupernatant contain?
Albumin and vitamin K
Which species is the pet blood bank for?
Dogs only
How quickly can the pet blood bank get blood?
A few hours
What are the seven types of blood product you can get?
Whole blood, plasma, packed RBC, platelet rich, cryoprecipitate, cryosupernatant, leucocyte concentrate
How big must dog donors be?
Over 25kg
What are greyhounds good for getting?
Good for RBCs, less good for plasma
What blood type should donor dogs be?
DEA 1 and 7 negative
How much blood can you take from a donor dog?
20ml/kg every 4 weeks (20% volume)
What must nutrition be like in a donor dog?
High plane
How much blood can you take from a donor cat?
10% and must monitor for hypovolaemia
What must you do before taking a blood donation from a cat?
Sedate it
What do you use to find cat blood types?
Typing cards
How much blood do you take from a cat?
43ml in 7ml anticoagulant
How long can you store RBCs/whole blood for?
28 days
What happens to blood if it is stored for too long?
Decreased pH (lactic acidosis), decreased DPG so increased Hb/O activity, Ca chelated by citrate, increased ammonia, increased K, decreased Na
What can you premedicate with before a blood transfusion?
Histamine
Why do you need a filter on a transfusion set?
To avoid microclots
What are the signs of an acute transfusion reaction?
Pyrexia, tachycardia, vomiting, urticaria, diarrhoea, restlessness, haemoglobinuria
How do you treat a transfusion reaction?
Stop infusion, steroids, diuretics, diphenhydramine
What are some other complications of tranfusions?
Allergies to plasma proteins, volume overload, bacterial contamination, hypoCa, coagulopathies
What drug can stop excessive bleeding?
Tranexamic acid
Which drug causes platelet release?
Vincristine
What drug causes vWF release?
DDAVP
What are colloids good for?
Volume support
How much isotonic saline do you need to give?
Large amounts
