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ECC > 2 and 3: First Aid > Flashcards

2 and 3: First Aid Flashcards

1
Q

What is the best way to clear an airway of vomit or mucous or blood?

A

Swab on forceps

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2
Q

How do you position the head for a good airway?

A

Head and neck in straight line, tongue pulled out esp brachy

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3
Q

Why are inhaled grass seeds an urgent problem?

A

Can’t get out after terminal bronchi

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4
Q

Are breathing problems usually LRT or URT?

A

URT

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5
Q

How will animals stand if struggling to breathe?

A

Elbows out

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6
Q

What should you immediately do for an open thorax?

A

Cover with with towels and don’t bind chest

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7
Q

What should you immediately do for a flail chest?

A

Sternal recumbency, padding, analgesia

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8
Q

What should you immediately do for a tension pneumothorax?

A

Give oxygen and immediate thoracocentesis in sternal recumbency

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9
Q

What are the problems with improvised O2 tents?

A

Can get hot, allow CO2 buildup

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10
Q

How far in must nasal catheters go?

A

To the medial canthus of the eye

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11
Q

What are the problems with nasal catheters?

A

Need a buster collar, bypasses turbinates so no humidity, can only do up to 4L/min

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12
Q

What do you immediately do in a cut carotid artery?

A

Inject local and put on artery forceps

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13
Q

When is the only time you should use a tourniquet?

A

If you can’t control by pressure (if arterial)

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14
Q

What should you do instead of cardiac massage in a horse or cow?

A

Jump on them

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15
Q

What should you avoid in a hypovolaemic patient?

A

Rapid warming

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16
Q

What should you put underneath a cold animal?

A

A towel

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17
Q

What should you be checking in a HL fracture?

A

Bladder, sacral plexus etc

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18
Q

What should you be checking in a FL fracture?

A

Pneumothorax

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19
Q

What should you do to open fractures before transport?

A

Cover

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20
Q

What can you do to a fracture below the elbow or stifle to help you examine it?

A

Apply a modified Robert Jones bandage for immobilisation and this also gives pain relief

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21
Q

With what kind of fractures should you be mindful of internal haemorrhage and possibly give fluids?

A

Humeral, femoral or pelvic

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22
Q

What should you immobilise in a spinal fracture?

A

The whole body - strap to parcel shelf - also sedation to help

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23
Q

What other condition can resemble a spinal injury?

A

Concussion

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24
Q

When can standing on a nail in a horse be life threatening?

A

If punctures navicular bursa as difficult to control infection

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25
Q

When are skin wounds in horses life threatening?

A

If tendon sheath affected - look for joint fluid

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26
Q

What are the three locations choking can be?

A

Oropharynx, trachea or osophagus

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27
Q

Why should you give fluids in choke?

A

Can dehydrate

28
Q

What should you do if seizuring over 5 minutes?

A

Prevent body temp increase, rectal or IV diazepam (or midazolam or propofol or alfax), also test glucsoe

29
Q

What do you do with a prolapsed globe?

A

Put it back in if acute with a damp swab, may need to cut lateral canthus and suture the eyelid shut after

30
Q

What happens if an eye is out for too long?

A

Tissues will swell and will be traction on optic nerve

31
Q

What can you put on a prolapsed eye to prevent oedema?

A

10% dextrose or saline

32
Q

What should you do with a penetrating eye injury?

A

Refer to an ophthalmic surgen!

33
Q

What drugs should you avoid if you have a penetrating ophthalmic injury?

A

Anything that raises IOP e.g. medetomidine as this causes vomiting

34
Q

What must you consider in a severe ear injury?

A

Head injury

35
Q

What can be a complication of adder bites?

A

Tissue necrosis

36
Q

What drugs do you give in anaphylactic shock?

A

Adrenaline and steroids

37
Q

When do you give steroids following a bite or sting?

A

If indicated

38
Q

What are signs of anaphylactic shock?

A

Retching, dyspnoea, vomiting, facial oedema, collapse, shock

39
Q

What do you give if wasp and what if bee?

A

Acid if wasp, bicarb if bee

40
Q

Above what temperature is considered heat stroke?

A

41 degrees

41
Q

What are the signs of heat stroke?

A

Panting, tachycardia, dehydration, purple dry MMs, V/D

42
Q

What blood changes can you see in heat stroke?

A

High Na, low K, azotaemia, high PCV

43
Q

What are the eventual complications of heat stroke?

A

Renal failure, DIC, coma, death

44
Q

What are the immediate treatments for heat stroke?

A

Cooling by keeping adding water, monitor temp to avoid hypothermia, give cool IV fluids

45
Q

Why don’t you give hypotonics in heat stroke?

A

Get cerebral oedema

46
Q

What other output must you monitor in heatstroke?

A

Urine output

47
Q

Why are coma/seizures a poor prognosis in heat stroke?

A

Ca recycling and mitochondrial death

48
Q

How do you treat chemical burns?

A

Lavage, prevent ingestion, seek vpis advice, give IVFT, analgesia, monitor urine

49
Q

How do you cool thermal burns?

A

Cold water for 10 mins

50
Q

Why do you cover burns with wet towels?

A

Air makes pain worse

51
Q

What must you also check for in thermal burns?

A

Smoke inhalation

52
Q

When should you consider euthanasia following a burn?

A

If full thickness over 30-50% of body

53
Q

What is a good analgesic for burns?

A

Ketamine as also prevents neuropathic pain

54
Q

What is a common complication of burns?

A

Infection

55
Q

What happens when you inhale hair in a fire?

A

Oedema and swelling

56
Q

When is a pulse ox not reliable?

A

Following CO in a fire

57
Q

What is the treatment for smoke inhalation?

A

100% o2 humidified, fluids, steroids, furosemide, bronchodilators

58
Q

What do MMs look like following CO inhalation?

A

Cherry red or cyanotic

59
Q

What are some consequences of electrocution?

A

Arrythmia/bradycardia, tissue destruction, acute pulmonary oedema

60
Q

How do you monitor following electrocution?

A

Put on ECG

61
Q

When should you not induce vomiting?

A

If corrosive substance

62
Q

What do you do instead if corrosive substance?

A

Ring VPIS, give charcoal, give IVFT

63
Q

What must you check for in a cast animal?

A

Fractures

64
Q

What can some complications of a cast animal be?

A

Weak, exhausted, cold, dehydrated, myopathy

65
Q

How do you treat a cast animal?

A

IVFT for dehydration and hypovolaemia

66
Q

What should an owner do if they see erythema around a tick bite?

A

Go to vets

ECC (7 decks)

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