5: Cardiovascular Flashcards
How do you measure blood Hb?
1.34 x Hb x SaO2
How do you measure solution?
0.003 x PaO2
How do you measure O2 delivery?
Blood Hb x solution x flow
What are some examples of sympathomimetic drugs?
NA/A, ephidrine, dopamine, dobutamine
What are some examples of parasympatholytic drugs?
Atropine or glycopyrrolate drugs
What happens to preload in hypervolaemia?
Increased
What happens to afterload in hypertension and vasoconstriction?
Increases
How does increased afterload affect cardiac workload and myocardial oxygen consumption?
Increases
What happens to end diastolic volume in pump failure?
Increases
What happens to CVP in pump failure?
Increases
What happens to renal blood flow in pump failure?
Decreases, so get aldosterone activation and fluid retention
What are some clinical signs of pump failure?
Venous distention, decreased exercise tolerance, ECG for rhythm and chamber size, rads for cardiac size, pulmonary oedema
What can you give to increase contractility?
Positive inotropes eg dobutamine
What can you give to restore normal rhythm?
Antiarrhythmics eg lidocaine
What can you give to decrease SVR?
Vasodilators eg morphine, furosemide, ACE inhibitors, nitrates
What is the best indicator of failed perfusion?
Lactate
What so MMs look like in sepsis?
Blotchy
What happens to arterial compliance in vasoconstriction?
Decreased
What are some examples of obstructive shock?
Tamponade, HCM, aortic stenosis
What type of fluid is contraindicated during fluid resuscitation?
Hypotonic crystalloids
After how long will Hartmanns start causing signs of increased chloride?
24 hours
What is maintenance fluid rate?
2-3ml/kg/hr
What is shock rate fluids?
90ml/kg for dog, 50ml/kg for cat
Which fluid is contraindicated in dehydration?
Hypertonic saline
