6. BIOPSYCHOLOGY (THE FUNCTION OF THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM: GLANDS & HORMONES) Flashcards
What is the function of the endocrine system?
The endocrine system is one of the body’s major information systems that instructs glands to release hormones directly into the bloodstream. These hormones travel to target organs to regulate various bodily functions.
What are glands?
Glands are organs in the body that synthesize and secrete substances, such as hormones.
What are hormones?
Hormones are chemical substances that circulate in the bloodstream and affect only specific target organs. They are produced in large quantities but disappear quickly.
What is the difference between the endocrine system and the nervous system?
The endocrine system releases hormones into the bloodstream, whereas the nervous system uses neurotransmitters released through a network of neurons.
How do hormones affect behaviour?
Biological psychologists argue that the level of a hormone in the system can influence behaviour. Hormones are released by glands in response to brain signals and affect target cells by stimulating receptors, leading to physiological reactions that influence behaviour.
What is a target cell?
A target cell is a cell that has receptors specific to a particular hormone. When enough receptor sites are stimulated by the hormone, it causes a physiological reaction that alters the cell’s activity.
What is the pituitary gland often referred to as, and why?
The pituitary gland is often called the ‘master gland’ because it produces hormones that regulate the activity of other endocrine glands.
What hormone does the pituitary gland release in response to stress, and what does it do?
The pituitary gland releases adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in response to stress. ACTH triggers the adrenal glands to release cortisol, the “stress hormone.”
What is the function of the adrenal glands?
The adrenal glands are crucial for the fight-or-flight response. They release adrenaline, a hormone that helps the body respond to stress or danger.
What hormone is released by the testes, and what is its role?
The testes release testosterone, a male hormone responsible for regulating male sexual characteristics and reproductive functions.
What hormones are released by the ovaries, and what are their roles?
The ovaries release oestrogen and progesterone, which are female hormones responsible for regulating the female reproductive system and menstrual cycle.
How do hormones affect behaviour?
Hormones influence behaviour by causing physiological reactions in target cells, which alter the cells’ activities and can lead to changes in behaviour.
