6. Basics Of The Central Nervous System Flashcards
What structure formed in gastrulation in an embryo goes on to form the brain and spinal chord?
Neural tube formed from an invagination of ectoderm.
What structures form the central nervous system?
Cerebral hemispheres.
Brainstem and cerebellum.
Spinal cord.
What structures form the peripheral nervous system?
Dorsal and ventral roots.
Spinal nerves.
Peripheral nerves.
What are the 3 parts of the brainstem?
Midbrain.
Pons.
Medulla.
Can the CNS and/or PNS regenerate?
CNS can’t.
PNS can.
What cells myelinated the CNS?
Oligodendrocytes.
What cells myelinated the PNS?
Schwann cells
Do tumours tend to be benign or malignant in the CNS?
Benign and malignant
Do tumours tend to be benign or malignant in the PNS?
Benign
What cells are the main immune defence in the CNS?
Microglia (immune privilege)
What part of the brain is dorsal, and what is ventral?
Dorsal - superior part of the hemisphere.
Ventral - inferior brain.
What is the midbrain of the brainstem responsible for controlling?
Eye movements.
Reflex responses to sound and vision.
What is the pons of the brainstem responsible for controlling?
Feeding (trigeminal nerves come from pons and innervate the muscles of mastication).
Sleep.
What is the medulla of the brainstem responsible for controlling?
Cardiovascular and respiratory centres.
Contains a major motor pathway - the medullary pyramids (location of descending motor fibres).
What is decussation?
The fact that the body is controlled by the collateral side of the brain.
What is a sulcus?
Groove or furrow in the brain separating adjacent gyri.
What is a gyrus?
A ridge or fold in the brain.
What is a fissure?
Large crack or split between adjacent large areas of the brain.
What functions is the frontal lobe of the brain responsible for?
(In general motor structures sit anteriorly in brain).
Higher cognition.
Motor function.
Speech.
What functions is the parietal lobe of the brain responsible for?
(In general sensory structures sit posteriorly in the brain).
Sensation.
Spatial awareness.
What functions is the temporal lobe of the brain responsible for?
Memory.
Smell.
Hearing.
What functions is the occipital lobe of the brain responsible for?
Vision.
What functions is the cerebellum of the brain responsible for?
Co-ordination of motor control, especially fine motor control.
Posture.
Balance.
Motor learning.
What lobe of the brain points anteriorly, helping you to orientate yourself?
Temporal lobe.
