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6 Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

Def: Kills and inhibits organisms on body

A

Antiseptic

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2
Q

Def: Kills and inhibits organisms on inanimate objects

A

Disinfectant

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3
Q

Def: All organisms killed

A

Sterilization

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4
Q

Prep:
Good for GPCs and GNRs
Poor for fungi

A

Betadine (iodophors)

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5
Q

Prep:

Good for GPCs, GNR and fungi

A

Chlorhexidine gluconate (Hibiclens)

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6
Q

MOA: Penicllin, cephalosporins, carbapenems, monobactams, vancomycin

A

Inhibitors of cell wall synthesis

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7
Q

MOA: Tetracycline, aminoglycosides (tobramycin, gentamicin), linezolid

A

Inhibitors of 30s ribosome and protein synthesis

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8
Q

MOA: Erythromycin, clindamycin, Synercid

A

Inhibitors of 50s ribosome and protein synthesis

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9
Q

MOA: Quinolones

A

Inhibitors of DNA helicase (DNA gyrase)

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10
Q

MOA: Rifampin

A

Inhibitor of RNA polymerase

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11
Q

MOA: Sulfonamides

A

PABA analogue

Inhibits purine synthesis

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12
Q

MOA: Trimethoprim

A

Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase

Inhibits purine synthesis

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13
Q

What antibiotics are bactericidal?

A

Inhibitors of cell wall synthesis
Metronidazole
Aminoglycosides (irreversible binding to ribosome)

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14
Q

MOA: PCN resistance?

A

Plasmids for beta-lactamase

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15
Q

What is the most common method of antibiotic resistance?

A

Transfer of plasmids

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16
Q

MOA: MRSA resistance?

A

Mutation of cell wall-binding protein

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17
Q

MOA: VRE resistance?

A

Mutation in cell wall-binding protein

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18
Q

MOA: Gentamicin resistance?

A

Modification of enzymes leading to a decrease in active transport of med into the bacteria

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19
Q

Peak and trough? Vancomycin

A

Peak 20-40ug/mL

Trough 5-10ug/mL

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20
Q

Peak and trough? Genatmicin

A

Peak 6-10ug/mL

Trough <1ug/mL

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21
Q

What do you do if the peak is too high?

A

Decrease amount of each dose

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22
Q

What do you do if the trough is too high?

A

Decrease frequency of dose

Increase time interval between doses

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23
Q

Penicillin

A

GPCs (strep, syphilis), N. meningitides (GPR), C. perfringens (GPR), B-hemo strep, anthrax
NOT effective against staph or enterococcus

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24
Q

Oxacillin

Nafcillin

A

Anti-staph penicillins (staph only)

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25
Ampicillin | Amoxicillin
Same as PCN + | Enterococci
26
Unasyn | Augmentin
GPCs (staph, strep), GNRs, anaerobes | Do not cover Pseudomonas, acinetobacter, serratia
27
Ticarcillin | Piperacillin
Antipseudomonal penicillins GNRs - pseudomonas, acinetobacter, serratia AE: inhibits platelets
28
Timentin | Zosyn
GPCs (staph, strep), GNRs, anaerobs Enterococci Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, serratia AE: Inhibits platelets
29
Cefazolin | Cephalexin
``` First-gen cephalosporin GPCs (staph, strep) NOT enterococcus NOT CNS Ancef (cefazolin) - long half-life, good for prophylaxis ```
30
Cefoxitin Cefotetan Cefuoxime
Second-gen cephalosporin GPCs (lose some staph), GNRs, anaerobic coverage NOT enterococcus, pseudomonas, acinetobacter, serratia Community-acquired GNRs Cefotetan has longest half-life, good for prophylaxis
31
Ceftriazone Ceftazidime Cefepime Cefotaxime
``` Third-gen cephalosporin GNRs, anaerobic Pseudomonas, acinetobacter, serratia NOT enterococcus AE: Cholesatitc jaundice, sludging in gallbladder (Ceftriaxone) ```
32
Aztreonam
Monobactam GNR Pseudomonas, acinetobacter, serratia
33
Meropenem | Imipenem
Carbapenems GPCs, GNRs, anaerobes NOT MRSA, enterococcus, proteus (MEP) AE: Seizures
34
Cilastatin
Prevents renal hydrolysis of drug and increases half-life
35
Trimethoprim | Sulfamethoxazole
Bactrim GNRs, GPCs NOT enterococcus, psudomonas, acinetobacter, serratia AE: teratogenic, allergic rxn, renal dmg, SJS, hemolysis in G6PD
36
Ciprofloxacin Levofloxacin Norfloxacin
``` Quinolones GPCs, GNRs Pseudomonas, acinetobacter, serratia 40% of MRSA NOT enterococcus ```
37
Gentamicin | Tobramycin
``` Aminoglycosides GNRs Pseudomonas, acinetobacter, serratia NOT anaerobes (requires O2) AE: reversible nephrotoxicity, irreversible ototoxicity ```
38
Synergism between Aminoglycosides and beta-lactams
Beta-lactams facilitated aminoglycoside penetration | Synergistic with ampicillin for Enterococcus
39
Erythromycin
Macrolide GPCs (Best for CAP, atypical pneumonia) AE: nausea, cholestasis
40
Vancomycin
Glycopeptides GPCs, enterococcus, C. dif, MRSA AE: HTN, Redman syndrome (histamine), nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity
41
Quinupristin-dalfopristin
Synercid - streptogramin | GPCs, MRSA, VRE
42
Linezolid
Oxazolidinones | GPCs, MRSA, VRE
43
Tetracycline
GPCs, GNRs, syphilis | AE: tooth discoloration in children
44
Clindamycin
Anaerobes, GPCs, c. perfringens (Good for aspiration pneumonia) AE: pseudomembranous colitis
45
Metronidazole
Flagyl Anaerobes AE: Disulfiram-like rxn, peripheral neuropathy
46
Amphotericin (MOA, AE)
Binds sterols in wall and alters membrane permeability | AE: Nephrotoxic, fever, hypokalemia, hypotension, anemia
47
Voriconazole | Itraconazole (MOA)
Inhibits ergosterol synthesis (needed for cell membrane function)
48
Anidulafungin
Eraxis | Inhibits synthesis of cell wall glucan
49
Treatment - prolonged broad-spectrum ABX + fever
Itraconazole
50
Treatment - Invasive aspergillosis
Voriconazole
51
Treatment - Candidemia
anidulafungin
52
Treatment - fungal sepsis other than candida and aspergillus
Liposomal amphotericin
53
Isoniazid
Inhibits mycolic acid (give with pyridoxine) Antituberculosis AE: Hepatotoxicity, B6 deficiency
54
Rifampin
Inhibits RNA polymerase Antituberculosis AE: Hepatotoxicity, GI symptoms, high rates of resistance
55
Pyrazinamide
Antituberculosis | AE: Hepatotoxicity
56
Ethambutol
Antituberculosis | AE: Retrobulbar neuritis
57
Acyclovir
Inhibits viral DNA polymerase | HSV, EBV
58
Ganciclovir
Inhibits viral DNA polymerase CMV AE: decreased bone marrow, CNS toxicity
59
Antibiotics that are effective for Enterococcus?
Vancomycin Timentin/zosyn Ampicillin/amoxicillin Gentamicin with ampicillin
60
Antibiotics that are effective for Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Serratia
``` Ticarcillin/iperacillin Timentin/zosyn Third-gen cephalosporins Aminoglycosides (gentamicin and tobramycin) Meropenem/imipenem Fluoroquinolones ```

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