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ABSITE > 6 Antibiotics > Flashcards

6 Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

Def: Kills and inhibits organisms on body

A

Antiseptic

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2
Q

Def: Kills and inhibits organisms on inanimate objects

A

Disinfectant

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3
Q

Def: All organisms killed

A

Sterilization

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4
Q

Prep:
Good for GPCs and GNRs
Poor for fungi

A

Betadine (iodophors)

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5
Q

Prep:

Good for GPCs, GNR and fungi

A

Chlorhexidine gluconate (Hibiclens)

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6
Q

MOA: Penicllin, cephalosporins, carbapenems, monobactams, vancomycin

A

Inhibitors of cell wall synthesis

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7
Q

MOA: Tetracycline, aminoglycosides (tobramycin, gentamicin), linezolid

A

Inhibitors of 30s ribosome and protein synthesis

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8
Q

MOA: Erythromycin, clindamycin, Synercid

A

Inhibitors of 50s ribosome and protein synthesis

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9
Q

MOA: Quinolones

A

Inhibitors of DNA helicase (DNA gyrase)

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10
Q

MOA: Rifampin

A

Inhibitor of RNA polymerase

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11
Q

MOA: Sulfonamides

A

PABA analogue

Inhibits purine synthesis

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12
Q

MOA: Trimethoprim

A

Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase

Inhibits purine synthesis

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13
Q

What antibiotics are bactericidal?

A

Inhibitors of cell wall synthesis
Metronidazole
Aminoglycosides (irreversible binding to ribosome)

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14
Q

MOA: PCN resistance?

A

Plasmids for beta-lactamase

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15
Q

What is the most common method of antibiotic resistance?

A

Transfer of plasmids

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16
Q

MOA: MRSA resistance?

A

Mutation of cell wall-binding protein

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17
Q

MOA: VRE resistance?

A

Mutation in cell wall-binding protein

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18
Q

MOA: Gentamicin resistance?

A

Modification of enzymes leading to a decrease in active transport of med into the bacteria

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19
Q

Peak and trough? Vancomycin

A

Peak 20-40ug/mL

Trough 5-10ug/mL

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20
Q

Peak and trough? Genatmicin

A

Peak 6-10ug/mL

Trough <1ug/mL

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21
Q

What do you do if the peak is too high?

A

Decrease amount of each dose

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22
Q

What do you do if the trough is too high?

A

Decrease frequency of dose

Increase time interval between doses

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23
Q

Penicillin

A

GPCs (strep, syphilis), N. meningitides (GPR), C. perfringens (GPR), B-hemo strep, anthrax
NOT effective against staph or enterococcus

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24
Q

Oxacillin

Nafcillin

A

Anti-staph penicillins (staph only)

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25
Q

Ampicillin

Amoxicillin

A

Same as PCN +

Enterococci

26
Q

Unasyn

Augmentin

A

GPCs (staph, strep), GNRs, anaerobes

Do not cover Pseudomonas, acinetobacter, serratia

27
Q

Ticarcillin

Piperacillin

A

Antipseudomonal penicillins
GNRs - pseudomonas, acinetobacter, serratia
AE: inhibits platelets

28
Q

Timentin

Zosyn

A

GPCs (staph, strep), GNRs, anaerobs
Enterococci
Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, serratia
AE: Inhibits platelets

29
Q

Cefazolin

Cephalexin

A 
First-gen cephalosporin
GPCs (staph, strep)
NOT enterococcus
NOT CNS
Ancef (cefazolin) - long half-life, good for prophylaxis
30
Q

Cefoxitin
Cefotetan
Cefuoxime

A

Second-gen cephalosporin
GPCs (lose some staph), GNRs, anaerobic coverage
NOT enterococcus, pseudomonas, acinetobacter, serratia
Community-acquired GNRs
Cefotetan has longest half-life, good for prophylaxis

31
Q

Ceftriazone
Ceftazidime
Cefepime
Cefotaxime

A 
Third-gen cephalosporin
GNRs, anaerobic 
Pseudomonas, acinetobacter, serratia
NOT enterococcus
AE: Cholesatitc jaundice, sludging in gallbladder (Ceftriaxone)
32
Q

Aztreonam

A

Monobactam
GNR
Pseudomonas, acinetobacter, serratia

33
Q

Meropenem

Imipenem

A

Carbapenems
GPCs, GNRs, anaerobes
NOT MRSA, enterococcus, proteus (MEP)
AE: Seizures

34
Q

Cilastatin

A

Prevents renal hydrolysis of drug and increases half-life

35
Q

Trimethoprim

Sulfamethoxazole

A

Bactrim
GNRs, GPCs
NOT enterococcus, psudomonas, acinetobacter, serratia
AE: teratogenic, allergic rxn, renal dmg, SJS, hemolysis in G6PD

36
Q

Ciprofloxacin
Levofloxacin
Norfloxacin

A 
Quinolones
GPCs, GNRs
Pseudomonas, acinetobacter, serratia
40% of MRSA
NOT enterococcus
37
Q

Gentamicin

Tobramycin

A 
Aminoglycosides
GNRs
Pseudomonas, acinetobacter, serratia
NOT anaerobes (requires O2)
AE: reversible nephrotoxicity, irreversible ototoxicity
38
Q

Synergism between Aminoglycosides and beta-lactams

A

Beta-lactams facilitated aminoglycoside penetration

Synergistic with ampicillin for Enterococcus

39
Q

Erythromycin

A

Macrolide
GPCs
(Best for CAP, atypical pneumonia)
AE: nausea, cholestasis

40
Q

Vancomycin

A

Glycopeptides
GPCs, enterococcus, C. dif, MRSA
AE: HTN, Redman syndrome (histamine), nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity

41
Q

Quinupristin-dalfopristin

A

Synercid - streptogramin

GPCs, MRSA, VRE

42
Q

Linezolid

A

Oxazolidinones

GPCs, MRSA, VRE

43
Q

Tetracycline

A

GPCs, GNRs, syphilis

AE: tooth discoloration in children

44
Q

Clindamycin

A

Anaerobes, GPCs, c. perfringens
(Good for aspiration pneumonia)
AE: pseudomembranous colitis

45
Q

Metronidazole

A

Flagyl
Anaerobes
AE: Disulfiram-like rxn, peripheral neuropathy

46
Q

Amphotericin (MOA, AE)

A

Binds sterols in wall and alters membrane permeability

AE: Nephrotoxic, fever, hypokalemia, hypotension, anemia

47
Q

Voriconazole

Itraconazole (MOA)

A

Inhibits ergosterol synthesis (needed for cell membrane function)

48
Q

Anidulafungin

A

Eraxis

Inhibits synthesis of cell wall glucan

49
Q

Treatment - prolonged broad-spectrum ABX + fever

A

Itraconazole

50
Q

Treatment - Invasive aspergillosis

A

Voriconazole

51
Q

Treatment - Candidemia

A

anidulafungin

52
Q

Treatment - fungal sepsis other than candida and aspergillus

A

Liposomal amphotericin

53
Q

Isoniazid

A

Inhibits mycolic acid (give with pyridoxine)
Antituberculosis
AE: Hepatotoxicity, B6 deficiency

54
Q

Rifampin

A

Inhibits RNA polymerase
Antituberculosis
AE: Hepatotoxicity, GI symptoms, high rates of resistance

55
Q

Pyrazinamide

A

Antituberculosis

AE: Hepatotoxicity

56
Q

Ethambutol

A

Antituberculosis

AE: Retrobulbar neuritis

57
Q

Acyclovir

A

Inhibits viral DNA polymerase

HSV, EBV

58
Q

Ganciclovir

A

Inhibits viral DNA polymerase
CMV
AE: decreased bone marrow, CNS toxicity

59
Q

Antibiotics that are effective for Enterococcus?

A

Vancomycin
Timentin/zosyn
Ampicillin/amoxicillin
Gentamicin with ampicillin

60
Q

Antibiotics that are effective for Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Serratia

A 
Ticarcillin/iperacillin
Timentin/zosyn
Third-gen cephalosporins
Aminoglycosides (gentamicin and tobramycin)
Meropenem/imipenem
Fluoroquinolones

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