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28 Gastrointestinal hormones Flashcards

1
Q

Gastrin - source?

A

G-cells in antrum of stomach

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2
Q

Gastrin - stimulated by?

A 
Amino acids
Vagal input (acetylcholine)
Calcium
ETOH
Antral distention
pH > 3.0
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3
Q

Gastrin - inhibited by?

A

pH <3.0
Somatostatin
Secretin
CCK

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4
Q

Gastrin - target cells?

A

Parietal cells

Chief cells

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5
Q

Gastrin - effect?

A

Increased HCL
Increased intrinsic factor
Increased pepsinogen secretion

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6
Q

Omeprazole - MOA

A

Blocks H/K ATPase of parietal cells

Causes decreased H+ release

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7
Q

Somatostatin - source?

A

D cells in antrum of stomach

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8
Q

Somatostatin - Stimulation?

A

Acid in duodenum

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9
Q

Somatostatin - Target?

A

Everything - the great inhibitor

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10
Q

Somatostatin - response?

A

Inhibits gastrin release
Inhibits HCl release
Inhibits release of insulin glucagon, secretin and motilin
Increases pancreatic and biliary output

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11
Q

CKK - source?

A

I cells of duodenum

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12
Q

CKK - stimulation?

A

AA and Fatty acid chains

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13
Q

CKK - effect?

A

Gallbladder contraction
Relaxation of sphincter of Oddi
Increased pancreatic enzyme secretion

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14
Q

Secretin - source?

A

S cells of duodenum

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15
Q

Secretin - stimulation?

A

Fat, bile, pH <4.0

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16
Q

Secretin - inhibition?

A

pH >4.0, gastrin

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17
Q

Secretin - response?

A

Increased pancreatic HCO3 release
Inhibits gastrin release
Inhibits HCl release

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18
Q

How does the gastrin-response to Secretin change in a gastrinoma?

A

Secretin causes increased gastrin release (normal is inhibition)

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19
Q

What is the composition of pancreatic duct output when there is high volume?

A

Increased HCO3

Decreased Cl

20
Q

What is the composition of pancreatic duct output when there is low (slow) volume?

A

Increased Cl

Decreased HCO3

21
Q

Why does the rate of pancreatic duct outflow effect the Cl and HCO3 concentrations?

A

Carbonic anhydrase in the duct exchanges HCO3 for Cl; therefore, the longer it is in the ducts (i.e. the slower it is moving) the more chloride you have switched out.

22
Q

Vasoactive intestinal peptide - source?

A

Cells in gut and pancreas

23
Q

Vasoactive intestinal peptide - stimulation?

A

Fat

Acetylcholine

24
Q

Vasoactive intestinal peptide - response?

A

Increased intestinal secretion (water, electrolytes)

Increased motility

25
Q

Glucagon - source?

A

Alpha cells of pancreas

26
Q

Glucagon - stimulation?

A

Decreased glucose
Increased AA
Acetylcholine

27
Q

Glucagon - inhibition?

A

Increased glucose
Increased insulin
Somatostatin

28
Q

Glucagon - response?

A 
Increased glycogenolysis
Increased gluconeogenesis
Increased lipolysis
Increased ketogenesis
Decreased gastric acid secretion
29
Q

Insulin - source?

A

Beta cells of pancreas

30
Q

Insulin - stimulation?

A

Glucose
Glucagon
CCK

31
Q

Insulin - inhibition?

A

Somatostatin

32
Q

Insulin - response?

A

Increased cellular glucose uptake

Promotes protein synthesis

33
Q

Pancreatic polypeptide - source?

A

Islet cells in pancreas

34
Q

Pancreatic polypeptide - stimulation?

A

Food
Vagal stimulation
Other GI hormones

35
Q

Pancreatic polypeptide - response?

A

Decreased pancreatic and gallbladder secretion

36
Q

Motilin - source?

A

Intestinal cells of gut

37
Q

Motilin - stimulation?

A

Duodenal acid
Food
Vagus input

38
Q

Motilin - inhibition?

A

Somatostatin
Secretin
Pancreatic polypeptide
Duodenal fat

39
Q

Motilin - response?

A

Increased intestinal motility (small bowel - phase III peristalsis)

40
Q

Erythromycin - action on motility?

A

Acts on motilin receptors

Increases intestinal motility

41
Q

Bombesin (gastrin-releasing peptide) - response?

A

Increased intestinal motor activity
Increased pancreatic enzyme secretion
Increased gastric acid secretion

42
Q

Peptide YY - source

A

Terminal ilium

43
Q

Peptide YY - stimulation

A

Fatty meal

44
Q

Peptide YY - response?

A

Inhibits acid secretion and stomach contraction

Inhibits gallbladder contraction and pancreatic secretions

45
Q

In what order, and in what time period, does the bowel recovery after surgery?

A

Small bowel - 24hrs
Stomach - 48hrs
Large bowel - 3-5 days

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