Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology AP- 6 Cells > 6,2 organelles > Flashcards

6,2 organelles Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

only in animal cells

A

lysosomes

  • centrosomes with centrioles
  • flagella
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

only in plant cells

A

chloroplasts

  • central vacuole
  • cell wall
  • plasmodesmata
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

golgi apparatus

A

synthesis, modification, sort ing, and secretion of cell products

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

ribosomes

A

make proteins

  • complexes made of rRNA and protein
  • free ribosomes and bound rbosomes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

plasm membrane

A

encloses the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

nucleus

A

membrane bound organelle that stores the cell’s DNA

-contains most of the genes in the eukaryotic cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

nuclear envelope

A
  • double membrane that encloses the nucleus
  • porous
  • continuos with the ER
  • a “pore complex” lines the pores and regulate entry and exit of protein and RNA and macromolecules
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

nucleolus

A

produces ribosomes

  • has 1 or more nucleoli
  • rRNA is synthesized
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

chromatin

A

material consisting of DNA and proteins

  • visible as individual chromosomes in a dividing cell
  • before division chromatin coil up into distinguishable structures called “chromosomes”
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

endoplasmic reticulum

A
  • network of membranous sacs and tubes (called cisternae)
  • active in membrane synthesis and other synthetic and metabolic processes
  • rough
  • smooth
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

rough ER

A

has ribosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

smooth Er

A

has no ribosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

flagellum

A

locomotion organelle present in some animal cells

- made of a cluster of microtubules in an extension of the plasma membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

centrosomes

A

region where the cell’s microtubules are initiated

-has a pair of centrioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

centrioles

A

a pair of centrioles are in centrosome regions

-function unknown

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

cytoskeleton

A

reinforces cell shape

-made of proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

microfilaments

A

part of cytoskeleton

18
Q

intermediate filaments

A

-part of cytoskeleton

19
Q

microtubules

A

-part of cytoskeleton

20
Q

microvilli

A

projections that increase cell surface area

21
Q

peroxisomes

A
  • metabolic functions
  • produces hydrogen peroxide by product
  • then converts it to water
22
Q

mitochondrion

A

cellular respiration

  • generates most ATP
  • contains some genes
23
Q

lysosomes

A
  • digestive organelle

- macromolecules are hydrolyzed

24
Q

central vacuole

A

older plant cells

  • storage break down of waste
  • hydrolysis of macromolecules
  • enlargement of vacuole plant growth
25
Q

chloroplasts

A
  • photosynthesis
  • energy from sunlight to chemical energy stored in sugar molecules
  • contains some genes
26
Q

plasmodesmata

A

channels through cell walls that connect the cytoplasms of adjacent cells

27
Q

cell wall

A

-protects cell from mechanical damages

made of cellulose, protein, other polysaccharides

28
Q

nuclei lamina

A

netlike array of protein filaments that maintain shape of nucleus by mechanically supporting ht nuclear envelope

29
Q

nuclear matrix

A

frame work of fibers extending throughout the nuclear interior

30
Q

chromosomes

A

carry genetic information

-each chromosome is made up of chromatin

31
Q

free ribosomes

A

suspended in cytosol

-generally make proteins that function in the cytosol

32
Q

bound ribosomes

A

attached to the endoplasmic reticulum or nuclear envelope

-generally make proteins that are going to be inserted into membranes

33
Q

the endomembrane system- function

A
  • the different membranes of an eukaryotic cell
  • synthesize proteins
  • transport
  • metabolism
  • movement of lipids
  • detoxification of poisons
34
Q

vesicles

A

tiny membrane segments

35
Q

endomembrane system parts

A 
nuclear envelope 
endoplasmic reticulum
-golgi apparatus
- lysosomes
-vacuoles
-plasma membrane
-
36
Q

the smooth ER

A

-synthesize lipids, metabolize carbs, detoxify drugs/poisons

37
Q

enzymes of the smooth ER: steroids and lipids

A

synthesize lipids, oils, phospholipids,steroids
- steroids: esx hormones, adrenal glands hormones
(the testes and ovaries have lots of smooth ER)

38
Q

enzymes of the smooth ER: drugs

A

detoxify drugs by adding hydroxyl groups to make them more soluble and flush them out

(liver cells)

39
Q

smooth ER stores

A

calcium
-when stimulated by nerve impulse, calcium ions rush back across the Er membrane into the cytosol and trigger muscle contractions

40
Q

rough ER

A

also it makes membrane
has ribosomes attached to it
-as polypeptide chains grow from the ribosome, they enter the ER lumen from a pore where it is folded
-most of the secretory proteins are “glycoproteins” -have carbs covalently bonded to them
-secretory proteins leave the ER in transport vesicles from the transitional ER

41
Q

transport vesicles

A

vesicles in transit from one part of the cell to another

Biology AP- 6 Cells (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions