6,2 organelles

Question 1

only in animal cells

Answer 1

lysosomes

• centrosomes with centrioles
• flagella

Question 2

only in plant cells

Answer 2

chloroplasts

• central vacuole
• cell wall
• plasmodesmata

Question 3

golgi apparatus

Answer 3

synthesis, modification, sort ing, and secretion of cell products

Question 4

ribosomes

Answer 4

make proteins

• complexes made of rRNA and protein
• free ribosomes and bound rbosomes

Question 5

plasm membrane

Answer 5

encloses the cell

Question 6

nucleus

Answer 6

membrane bound organelle that stores the cell’s DNA

-contains most of the genes in the eukaryotic cell

Question 7

nuclear envelope

Answer 7

• double membrane that encloses the nucleus
• porous
• continuos with the ER
• a “pore complex” lines the pores and regulate entry and exit of protein and RNA and macromolecules

Question 8

nucleolus

Answer 8

produces ribosomes

• has 1 or more nucleoli
• rRNA is synthesized

Question 9

chromatin

Answer 9

material consisting of DNA and proteins

• visible as individual chromosomes in a dividing cell
• before division chromatin coil up into distinguishable structures called “chromosomes”

Question 10

endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 10

• network of membranous sacs and tubes (called cisternae)
• active in membrane synthesis and other synthetic and metabolic processes
• rough
• smooth

Question 11

rough ER

Answer 11

has ribosomes

Question 12

smooth Er

Answer 12

has no ribosomes

Question 13

flagellum

Answer 13

locomotion organelle present in some animal cells

- made of a cluster of microtubules in an extension of the plasma membrane

Question 14

centrosomes

Answer 14

region where the cell’s microtubules are initiated

-has a pair of centrioles

Question 15

centrioles

Answer 15

a pair of centrioles are in centrosome regions

-function unknown

Question 16

cytoskeleton

Answer 16

reinforces cell shape

-made of proteins

Question 17

microfilaments

Answer 17

part of cytoskeleton

Question 18

intermediate filaments

Answer 18

-part of cytoskeleton

Question 19

microtubules

Answer 19

-part of cytoskeleton

Question 20

microvilli

Answer 20

projections that increase cell surface area

Question 21

peroxisomes

Answer 21

• metabolic functions
• produces hydrogen peroxide by product
• then converts it to water

Question 22

mitochondrion

Answer 22

cellular respiration

• generates most ATP
• contains some genes

Question 23

lysosomes

Answer 23

• digestive organelle

- macromolecules are hydrolyzed

Question 24

central vacuole

Answer 24

older plant cells

• storage break down of waste
• hydrolysis of macromolecules
• enlargement of vacuole plant growth

Question 25

chloroplasts

Answer 25

- photosynthesis - energy from sunlight to chemical energy stored in sugar molecules - contains some genes

Question 26

plasmodesmata

Answer 26

channels through cell walls that connect the cytoplasms of adjacent cells

Question 27

cell wall

Answer 27

-protects cell from mechanical damages | made of cellulose, protein, other polysaccharides

Question 28

nuclei lamina

Answer 28

netlike array of protein filaments that maintain shape of nucleus by mechanically supporting ht nuclear envelope

Question 29

nuclear matrix

Answer 29

frame work of fibers extending throughout the nuclear interior

Question 30

chromosomes

Answer 30

carry genetic information | -each chromosome is made up of chromatin

Question 31

free ribosomes

Answer 31

suspended in cytosol | -generally make proteins that function in the cytosol

Question 32

bound ribosomes

Answer 32

attached to the endoplasmic reticulum or nuclear envelope | -generally make proteins that are going to be inserted into membranes

Question 33

the endomembrane system- function

Answer 33

- the different membranes of an eukaryotic cell - synthesize proteins - transport - metabolism - movement of lipids - detoxification of poisons

Question 34

vesicles

Answer 34

tiny membrane segments

Question 35

endomembrane system parts

Answer 35

``` nuclear envelope endoplasmic reticulum -golgi apparatus - lysosomes -vacuoles -plasma membrane - ```

Question 36

the smooth ER

Answer 36

-synthesize lipids, metabolize carbs, detoxify drugs/poisons

Question 37

enzymes of the smooth ER: steroids and lipids

Answer 37

synthesize lipids, oils, phospholipids,steroids - steroids: esx hormones, adrenal glands hormones (the testes and ovaries have lots of smooth ER)

Question 38

enzymes of the smooth ER: drugs

Answer 38

detoxify drugs by adding hydroxyl groups to make them more soluble and flush them out (liver cells)

Question 39

smooth ER stores

Answer 39

calcium -when stimulated by nerve impulse, calcium ions rush back across the Er membrane into the cytosol and trigger muscle contractions

Question 40

rough ER

Answer 40

also it makes membrane has ribosomes attached to it -as polypeptide chains grow from the ribosome, they enter the ER lumen from a pore where it is folded -most of the secretory proteins are "glycoproteins" -have carbs covalently bonded to them -secretory proteins leave the ER in transport vesicles from the transitional ER

Question 41

transport vesicles

Answer 41

vesicles in transit from one part of the cell to another